船舶数字化设计软件平台关键技术研究
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摘要
面对船舶功能、构造的日益复杂化、用户需求的不断变化、市场竞争的不断加剧,传统的船舶CAD技术已很难适应现代造船需求。现阶段市场需求下的新要求是尽可能地缩短设计周期,提高设计效率,保证设计质量,减少设计缺陷。现代船舶业随之出现了适应这种发展的新模式,数字化造船成为热点,并为船舶设计领域带来了新的思想和技术支持,从而需要采用这些新技术来解决设计手段问题,使船舶的设计过程得到最大限度的提高,这是本文研究的出发点。
数字化造船涉及到的技术范畴很广,本文的侧重点放在其中的基础支持技术,通过对这些技术的研究来建立一个开放的、智能的、分布的、支持多用户协同的船舶数字化设计软件平台。具体研究内容如下:
1)数字建模:数字建模是数字化设计的核心,船舶数字建模的基础是数字船体曲面的建立,通过三维型线网格建立船体曲面实体模型,同时得到其上的数据信息,如任意位置上的理论线的形状,用于分舱设计和结构设计。在3D船体曲面的基础上研究参数化下的舱室划分,并建立实体舱室模型,计算出舱容要素。以建立的数字船体曲面为形状约束,以舱室定义为结构定位,使用面向对象的产品定义框架,在图形界面中建立三维船体结构模型,并交互性地进行修改。通过基于特征的参数化实体设计,建立起面向全生命周期的船舶数字产品模型,对于建模中产生的与产品有关的信息,以相同结构储存于数据库中,实现全过程的产品建模和数据共享。
2)快速建模:在船舶数字建模研究的基础上,对虚拟设计技术,产品建模过程优化和结构构件的知识表达与组织进行研究,结合数字化设计技术与产品快速设计技术,提出支持快速建模的结构模型库的概念及其组织结构。以类型库表达为基础,以模块化设计为手段,以构件库来封装结构数字建模功能,以分布式数据库来管理生产设计信息,开发原型软件系统,实现全船结构模型快速建立与修改,并通过一艘实船模型的建立得到了验证。
3)数字协同:在本地船体结构数字建模的基础上,拓展到网络协同应用方式,各单位可以通过网络协同地进行设计,操作和管理。为此提出了适合船舶建模设计的5层网络体系框架和组织模型,为设计成员和设计软件提供交互的软件系统并对合作成员的操作进行管理,解决多用户操作冲突问题。基于集中式的协同服务器和各浏览器端的代理,开发包括建模、修改、装配和产品信息管理的船体结构协同设计系统,实现船舶设计阶段产品数据模型的数字化协同设计与管理。
综上所述,本文基于船舶数字化设计思想,对支持船舶数字化设计平台的关键技术进行研究,从船舶数字建模入手,以船舶产品模型的快速建立为基础,逐步发展到网络协同层次,开发符合船舶设计特点的网络传输框架,最终集成本地和网络系统的开发经验和技术,研发了分布式的快速建模系统,各客户端快速协作地建立船体结构的数字模型,从而在各个小组和各阶段中共享同一船舶模型,避免各个阶段模型因不兼容而重建的情况,同时虚拟的数据产品模型可以减少因制作物理原型所耗费的人力、物力和时间,降低船舶建造费用,保证产品开发一次成功。从而提高船舶研发和管理水平,减少差错,缩短产品开发周期,提高设计重用率。也避免了船舶设计人员在学习软件和使用软件方面的时间浪费,把全部精力投入到设计过程中来。
With the ship function and structure becoming more and more complicated, endless changes of costumer demand and intense competition in the marketing; it is very difficult for traditional CAD technology to adapt to modern shipbuilding requirements. At this stage, what the market demands is to shorten the design cycle, improve design efficiency, ensure design quality and reduce design defects. With these requirements modern ship industry appears the new mode to adapt to the development, the digital shipbuilding becomes hot point, and it brings new ideas and technical supports to the shipbuilding area, thus it need adopt these new technologies to solve the design problems in order to improve the maximum level of the process in ship designing, which is the starting point of this paper.
Digital shipbuilding involves a wide range of technical areas, this paper is focuses on thebasis of technical support, builds an open, intelligent, distribution, coordination of multi-user support ship resource integration software platform through the study of these technologies. The study includes:
1) Digital modeling: Digital modeling which is based on hull surface building is the core of digital design. After building 3Dline-grid, the hull surface model is built and the data of hull is got, such as line shape of any location of hull surface, which used as the cabin and structure building. Based on 3D hull surface, the paper studies parametric cabin design, then the solid cabin model is established, and the factor capacity is acquired. Using the digital hull surface as restriction to define the location of structure, using the product definition of the object-oriented framework to create 3D model of the hull structure in a graphical interface, and change them at the interactive way. The life-cycle digital model of ship product is built basing on the parametric design; the product-related information of producing is saved in the product model in structure way in order to realize the entire process of product modeling and data sharing.
2) Rapid modeling: Based on the research of ship digital modeling, the rapid modeling library and its structure are advanced with the ship structure of the virtual design technology, product modeling process optimizing, the structure component of the knowledge and organizations expression, the combination of digital designing technology and rapid product designing. Using the CBR (Case-Based Reasoning) technology to build knowledge library, using variable design technologies to build the model liarary, the PDM of ship research is processed trough the distributed database. Based on those ideas, a prototype system is developed to implement the quick modeling.
3) Digital collaboration: Based on the hull structure in the local digital modeling, collaborative applications developed, other departments can design, operation and manage at the same time through the network collaborative. For this reason, the design of the ship modeling 5-layer transmission framework and organizational model are advanced. This provides the interaction platform for the designer and designing software and manages the operation of cooperation members. To solve conflict problems among multi-user operation, basing on a centralized server and the browser's agents, it includes the development of modeling, modifying, assembly and the hull structure collaborative design system of product information management, in order to achieve product data model of the digital collaborative design and management in the ship design phase.
To sum up, with the idea of digital ship-design, this thesis demonstrates how to develop a uniform ship-design platform and researches the key technologies supporting this platform. From the beginning of generating, on the basis of local digital ship modeling, the paper develops the net transmission frame which accords with the characters of ship design, furthermore improves the capability of transmission framework, and finally integrates local and network techniques into the platform. This paper studies and develops a distributed rapid modeling system, with the concept of library for encapsulating process of design. Every client could share the same rapid modeling system, establish digital ship structure cooperatively and manage each application of the process. Because of this rapid modeling system, design circle could be shortened substantially and the ship design task also could be completed quickly and efficiently, at the same time, designer could spend less time to learn how to use the software, so that they can dive more energy into the process of design.
Meanwhile, the digital model which is established during designing could be applied as a uniform management model for each stage, therefore it can avoid the reconstruction of different stages model for incompatibleness. Furthermore, by using the virtual digital model we could decrease the cost of manpower, material resources and time, reduce the cost of ship construction, shorten the circle of ship construction, improve the success rate of product development and enhance our ability to adapt market changes quickly.
数字化造船涉及到的技术范畴很广,本文的侧重点放在其中的基础支持技术,通过对这些技术的研究来建立一个开放的、智能的、分布的、支持多用户协同的船舶数字化设计软件平台。具体研究内容如下:
1)数字建模:数字建模是数字化设计的核心,船舶数字建模的基础是数字船体曲面的建立,通过三维型线网格建立船体曲面实体模型,同时得到其上的数据信息,如任意位置上的理论线的形状,用于分舱设计和结构设计。在3D船体曲面的基础上研究参数化下的舱室划分,并建立实体舱室模型,计算出舱容要素。以建立的数字船体曲面为形状约束,以舱室定义为结构定位,使用面向对象的产品定义框架,在图形界面中建立三维船体结构模型,并交互性地进行修改。通过基于特征的参数化实体设计,建立起面向全生命周期的船舶数字产品模型,对于建模中产生的与产品有关的信息,以相同结构储存于数据库中,实现全过程的产品建模和数据共享。
2)快速建模:在船舶数字建模研究的基础上,对虚拟设计技术,产品建模过程优化和结构构件的知识表达与组织进行研究,结合数字化设计技术与产品快速设计技术,提出支持快速建模的结构模型库的概念及其组织结构。以类型库表达为基础,以模块化设计为手段,以构件库来封装结构数字建模功能,以分布式数据库来管理生产设计信息,开发原型软件系统,实现全船结构模型快速建立与修改,并通过一艘实船模型的建立得到了验证。
3)数字协同:在本地船体结构数字建模的基础上,拓展到网络协同应用方式,各单位可以通过网络协同地进行设计,操作和管理。为此提出了适合船舶建模设计的5层网络体系框架和组织模型,为设计成员和设计软件提供交互的软件系统并对合作成员的操作进行管理,解决多用户操作冲突问题。基于集中式的协同服务器和各浏览器端的代理,开发包括建模、修改、装配和产品信息管理的船体结构协同设计系统,实现船舶设计阶段产品数据模型的数字化协同设计与管理。
综上所述,本文基于船舶数字化设计思想,对支持船舶数字化设计平台的关键技术进行研究,从船舶数字建模入手,以船舶产品模型的快速建立为基础,逐步发展到网络协同层次,开发符合船舶设计特点的网络传输框架,最终集成本地和网络系统的开发经验和技术,研发了分布式的快速建模系统,各客户端快速协作地建立船体结构的数字模型,从而在各个小组和各阶段中共享同一船舶模型,避免各个阶段模型因不兼容而重建的情况,同时虚拟的数据产品模型可以减少因制作物理原型所耗费的人力、物力和时间,降低船舶建造费用,保证产品开发一次成功。从而提高船舶研发和管理水平,减少差错,缩短产品开发周期,提高设计重用率。也避免了船舶设计人员在学习软件和使用软件方面的时间浪费,把全部精力投入到设计过程中来。
With the ship function and structure becoming more and more complicated, endless changes of costumer demand and intense competition in the marketing; it is very difficult for traditional CAD technology to adapt to modern shipbuilding requirements. At this stage, what the market demands is to shorten the design cycle, improve design efficiency, ensure design quality and reduce design defects. With these requirements modern ship industry appears the new mode to adapt to the development, the digital shipbuilding becomes hot point, and it brings new ideas and technical supports to the shipbuilding area, thus it need adopt these new technologies to solve the design problems in order to improve the maximum level of the process in ship designing, which is the starting point of this paper.
Digital shipbuilding involves a wide range of technical areas, this paper is focuses on thebasis of technical support, builds an open, intelligent, distribution, coordination of multi-user support ship resource integration software platform through the study of these technologies. The study includes:
1) Digital modeling: Digital modeling which is based on hull surface building is the core of digital design. After building 3Dline-grid, the hull surface model is built and the data of hull is got, such as line shape of any location of hull surface, which used as the cabin and structure building. Based on 3D hull surface, the paper studies parametric cabin design, then the solid cabin model is established, and the factor capacity is acquired. Using the digital hull surface as restriction to define the location of structure, using the product definition of the object-oriented framework to create 3D model of the hull structure in a graphical interface, and change them at the interactive way. The life-cycle digital model of ship product is built basing on the parametric design; the product-related information of producing is saved in the product model in structure way in order to realize the entire process of product modeling and data sharing.
2) Rapid modeling: Based on the research of ship digital modeling, the rapid modeling library and its structure are advanced with the ship structure of the virtual design technology, product modeling process optimizing, the structure component of the knowledge and organizations expression, the combination of digital designing technology and rapid product designing. Using the CBR (Case-Based Reasoning) technology to build knowledge library, using variable design technologies to build the model liarary, the PDM of ship research is processed trough the distributed database. Based on those ideas, a prototype system is developed to implement the quick modeling.
3) Digital collaboration: Based on the hull structure in the local digital modeling, collaborative applications developed, other departments can design, operation and manage at the same time through the network collaborative. For this reason, the design of the ship modeling 5-layer transmission framework and organizational model are advanced. This provides the interaction platform for the designer and designing software and manages the operation of cooperation members. To solve conflict problems among multi-user operation, basing on a centralized server and the browser's agents, it includes the development of modeling, modifying, assembly and the hull structure collaborative design system of product information management, in order to achieve product data model of the digital collaborative design and management in the ship design phase.
To sum up, with the idea of digital ship-design, this thesis demonstrates how to develop a uniform ship-design platform and researches the key technologies supporting this platform. From the beginning of generating, on the basis of local digital ship modeling, the paper develops the net transmission frame which accords with the characters of ship design, furthermore improves the capability of transmission framework, and finally integrates local and network techniques into the platform. This paper studies and develops a distributed rapid modeling system, with the concept of library for encapsulating process of design. Every client could share the same rapid modeling system, establish digital ship structure cooperatively and manage each application of the process. Because of this rapid modeling system, design circle could be shortened substantially and the ship design task also could be completed quickly and efficiently, at the same time, designer could spend less time to learn how to use the software, so that they can dive more energy into the process of design.
Meanwhile, the digital model which is established during designing could be applied as a uniform management model for each stage, therefore it can avoid the reconstruction of different stages model for incompatibleness. Furthermore, by using the virtual digital model we could decrease the cost of manpower, material resources and time, reduce the cost of ship construction, shorten the circle of ship construction, improve the success rate of product development and enhance our ability to adapt market changes quickly.
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