栓皮栎群体cpSSR遗传分析
摘要
栓皮栎为我国温带和亚热带地区广泛分布的落叶阔叶树种及重要的用材和多用途树种。本研究采用cpSSR分子标记技术对来源于我国4个省24个天然群体进行了遗传分析,并在此基础上探讨了栓皮栎遗传资源的保护策略。主要结果如下:
用27对cpSSR引物对所有24个群体的120个样品进行了检测,有25对引物获得了较为清晰的产物,其中20对引物在所有群体扩增的结果完全一致,有5对引物扩增出的7个位点在群体间表现多态。
通过7个位点的检测,在24个群体共发现有14种单倍型,而24个群体中有21个在群体内都具有相同的单倍型。栓皮栎主要分布区之一的大别山安徽区域,其单倍型类型最为丰富,有10种单倍型,地理分布边缘的群体中所具有的单倍型在中心地区基本都有体现。作为第四纪冰川时期的“避难所”,冰期过后,大别山区及川东、鄂西一带,由于地貌类型复杂、生态环境多样,使其成为植物异质分化的策源地,不断孕育新的变异。在长期进化演变中,适应寒冷的变异类型,逐步占领高纬度地区,而适应温热的类型,逐步向南部蔓延,从而造成了栓皮栎现今的分布格局。
7个位点在24个群体中共扩增出的等位基因(A)平均有2.5714个,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均为1.5281个,Nei多样性指数(h)为0.2836,Shannon多样性指数(I)平均为0.5009。这些参数的值远低于以核基因组SSR对群体研究的相应值。而与核基因组SSR揭示的群体分化很小相反,本研究的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.9429,遗传分化很大,遗传差异几乎都存在于群体间,体现了叶绿体更能揭示群体间差异的特点。
栓皮栎遗传多样性中心的分布与该树种现今分布中心较为一致,即大别山区至川西一带是栓皮栎的分布及遗传多样性中心。对于栓皮栎遗传资源的保护,既要重点对多样性中心区域进行保护,同时对边缘分布的群体,也要注意保护不同类型的适应性变异。
Quercus variabilis is one of the main constituents of deciduous broad-leaved forests in temperate and subtropical areas in China.It is important material and has many useness. In this paper the genetic analysis of 24 natural Q.variabilis populations from 4 provinces of China is studied by using chloroplast simple sequence repeats(cpSSR) marker. Based on the analysis,the the strategies to conserve the germplasm resources of Q.variabilis were also discussed. The main results are as follows:
27 pairs of primers are used to amplify 120 samples and clear production can be amplified by 25 pairs of primers.20 of them are nonpolymorphic and 5 of them are polymorphic( 7 polymorphic loci are available) .
Through the inspect of 7 loci,there are altogether 14 haplotypes.21 populations have one haplotype within themselves.The area of DaBie Mountain in Anhui province has the richest haplotypes and there are 10 haplotypes in this area. Most haplotypes in distribution fringe can also be seen in distribution centre.After the forth ice age,the areas of DaBie Mountain,Eastern Chuan and Western Yue which are the“sanctuary”had become the original place of plant heterogenetic differentiation for it’s complex physiognomy and multiple environment.During the long period of evolution,the cold resistant differentiation occupied the high latitude area and the hot resistant differentiation occupied the south area.So today’s distribution pattern had been formed.
Average number of alleles(A) and effective number of alleles(Ne) are 2.5714 and 1.5281. Nei diversity index and Shannon information index are 0.2836 and 0.5009.These parameters are much lower than the ones revealed by nucleus genome SSR. Coefficient of genetic differentiation(Gst) is 0.9429 on average.It’s opposite to the conclusion revealed by nucleus genome SSR which shows a low Gst.It proves that cpSSR is more suitable for revealing the differences between populations.
Q.variabilis genetic diversity center is consistent with today’s distribution center.DaBie mountain area and the area between Western Chuan and DaBie mountain area are both genetic diversity center and distribution center.To conserve the genetic diversity of Q.variabilis,we should not only emphasis on the population from distribution centre but also protect population from distribution fringe especially to protect the different adaptability differentiation.
用27对cpSSR引物对所有24个群体的120个样品进行了检测,有25对引物获得了较为清晰的产物,其中20对引物在所有群体扩增的结果完全一致,有5对引物扩增出的7个位点在群体间表现多态。
通过7个位点的检测,在24个群体共发现有14种单倍型,而24个群体中有21个在群体内都具有相同的单倍型。栓皮栎主要分布区之一的大别山安徽区域,其单倍型类型最为丰富,有10种单倍型,地理分布边缘的群体中所具有的单倍型在中心地区基本都有体现。作为第四纪冰川时期的“避难所”,冰期过后,大别山区及川东、鄂西一带,由于地貌类型复杂、生态环境多样,使其成为植物异质分化的策源地,不断孕育新的变异。在长期进化演变中,适应寒冷的变异类型,逐步占领高纬度地区,而适应温热的类型,逐步向南部蔓延,从而造成了栓皮栎现今的分布格局。
7个位点在24个群体中共扩增出的等位基因(A)平均有2.5714个,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均为1.5281个,Nei多样性指数(h)为0.2836,Shannon多样性指数(I)平均为0.5009。这些参数的值远低于以核基因组SSR对群体研究的相应值。而与核基因组SSR揭示的群体分化很小相反,本研究的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.9429,遗传分化很大,遗传差异几乎都存在于群体间,体现了叶绿体更能揭示群体间差异的特点。
栓皮栎遗传多样性中心的分布与该树种现今分布中心较为一致,即大别山区至川西一带是栓皮栎的分布及遗传多样性中心。对于栓皮栎遗传资源的保护,既要重点对多样性中心区域进行保护,同时对边缘分布的群体,也要注意保护不同类型的适应性变异。
Quercus variabilis is one of the main constituents of deciduous broad-leaved forests in temperate and subtropical areas in China.It is important material and has many useness. In this paper the genetic analysis of 24 natural Q.variabilis populations from 4 provinces of China is studied by using chloroplast simple sequence repeats(cpSSR) marker. Based on the analysis,the the strategies to conserve the germplasm resources of Q.variabilis were also discussed. The main results are as follows:
27 pairs of primers are used to amplify 120 samples and clear production can be amplified by 25 pairs of primers.20 of them are nonpolymorphic and 5 of them are polymorphic( 7 polymorphic loci are available) .
Through the inspect of 7 loci,there are altogether 14 haplotypes.21 populations have one haplotype within themselves.The area of DaBie Mountain in Anhui province has the richest haplotypes and there are 10 haplotypes in this area. Most haplotypes in distribution fringe can also be seen in distribution centre.After the forth ice age,the areas of DaBie Mountain,Eastern Chuan and Western Yue which are the“sanctuary”had become the original place of plant heterogenetic differentiation for it’s complex physiognomy and multiple environment.During the long period of evolution,the cold resistant differentiation occupied the high latitude area and the hot resistant differentiation occupied the south area.So today’s distribution pattern had been formed.
Average number of alleles(A) and effective number of alleles(Ne) are 2.5714 and 1.5281. Nei diversity index and Shannon information index are 0.2836 and 0.5009.These parameters are much lower than the ones revealed by nucleus genome SSR. Coefficient of genetic differentiation(Gst) is 0.9429 on average.It’s opposite to the conclusion revealed by nucleus genome SSR which shows a low Gst.It proves that cpSSR is more suitable for revealing the differences between populations.
Q.variabilis genetic diversity center is consistent with today’s distribution center.DaBie mountain area and the area between Western Chuan and DaBie mountain area are both genetic diversity center and distribution center.To conserve the genetic diversity of Q.variabilis,we should not only emphasis on the population from distribution centre but also protect population from distribution fringe especially to protect the different adaptability differentiation.
引文
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