车用电机在线检测试验台研究与开发
摘要
车用电机是汽车上的关键零部件之一，在汽车上的应用非常广泛，因此对其性能的要求也就比较苛刻。传统的检测手段落后，测试精度低，测量速度慢，难以适应现代化工业生产的需求。本文结合某汽车零部件生产厂家的汽车电动玻璃升降器电机生产线项目，研制出了一套车用电机测试系统，开发了其性能检测试验台。这种新型的设备和方法，既能适应车用用电机装配又能满足测试要求，可以从根本上克服传统检测方法的弊端。
本论文主要进行了以下研究工作：
首先分析了国内外汽车电子工业的发展水平，这为开展汽车检测奠定了基础，这也是国内外汽车工业发展的一个重要方向。
其次分析了国内外关于电动玻璃升降器电机的标准，标准是业界共同遵守的法则，只有透彻地理解业界相关标准才能循其规律研制出用于专门检测其性能等的试验台，本文紧紧依照QC／T636—2000这个行业标准，确立了试验台检测的重点：电机空转、负载、堵载时的电流、转速、转矩、功率以及噪声振动。
再次设计一台完善的在线车用微电机测试系统，建立判定该种电机是否合格的性能、参数标准。
同时试验台电路部分必需保证具有足够的工作精度和可靠性。试验台电路部分的设计包括传感器的选择及其调整电路的设计、滤波电路的设计、数字显示表的设计、A／D卡的设计和继电器模块的设计。
软件系统采用Visual C++6.0为开发工具，开发了台架控制软件。软件采用了传统的Windows中文用户界面，以对话框和属性页的形式对参数设定，非常简单易用。点击控制界面的开始测试键，程序会自动调用VC++的相关函数读取A／D卡指定端口的数据，完成数据的采集；同时程序又能把我们输入的命令发送到A／D卡指定端口，控制外部设备的工作。软件会对采集的数据采取一定的处理方式，在屏幕上以相关曲线显示，并生成和打印测试报告。
最后根据测量所得数据，对车用用电机性能进行结果输出和分析，证明了该试验台能够实现基本性能和耐久性的检测，取得了较好的效果，达到了预期的目的。
Motors of the vehicle parts which are one of the key parts are widely used on the car,so its performance will be strictly required. Traditional detecting methods are backward, low precision and low. It is difficult to adapt to the modern industrial production. This text bases on the item of automobile glass lifts electric motor production lines from an automobile parts manufacturers, developed a micro motor testing system and a performance test-bed .This new type of equipment which can meet the testing requirements can fundamentally overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods.
This thesis mostly does the following research work:
First, an analysis of the level of domestic automotive electron I industry, which is the base of automotive test and the main direct of automotive industry, is made. Our stand-in put upon electronics.
Second, a review is attempted to make a review on Chinese standards for glass regulation riser motor, which are applied across China in the whole industry for automobile manufacture. Therefore the review provides the test installation of glass regulation riser, and these standards are doubtlessly what the test should meet. Moreover, this paper is trying to establish a plan according to QC/T636-2000 and attention is paid totes four parameters in this test installation: the speed and torque of motor idling, load, plug load current, the noise and vibration power. Third, a comprehensive online motor vehicle-testing system is designed; the standard parameters are created to determine whether the motor is good. The methods will be found to reduce the noise.
At the same time, the circuit of the testing bed must assure the working precision and reliability. The circuits of the testing bed include all the sensors select, the sensors regulator circuit design, the filter circuit design, the digital display watch design, the A/D card design, the relay module design.
We take Visual C++ 6.0 as development instrument, which utilize design philosophy of object oriented programming(OOP).We developed the entire software by VC++ 6.0 under Windows operating system. Its friendly graphic user interface, flexible operating manner, and powerful data processing function. Clicking start test key-press on control interface, system will read the data in specific port of A/D card by run related function of VC++ and realize the data collecting. At the same time, system can send order to specific port of A/D card to control the peripheral equipment. The software will process collected data and show corresponding curve on screen, produce and print the test report.
At last, a test on glass regulation riser motor in was made based on this test installation. All four quantities for five times and after system debugging are tested, which proves that this test installation system meets all request and an ideal outcome is achieved.
本论文主要进行了以下研究工作：
首先分析了国内外汽车电子工业的发展水平，这为开展汽车检测奠定了基础，这也是国内外汽车工业发展的一个重要方向。
其次分析了国内外关于电动玻璃升降器电机的标准，标准是业界共同遵守的法则，只有透彻地理解业界相关标准才能循其规律研制出用于专门检测其性能等的试验台，本文紧紧依照QC／T636—2000这个行业标准，确立了试验台检测的重点：电机空转、负载、堵载时的电流、转速、转矩、功率以及噪声振动。
再次设计一台完善的在线车用微电机测试系统，建立判定该种电机是否合格的性能、参数标准。
同时试验台电路部分必需保证具有足够的工作精度和可靠性。试验台电路部分的设计包括传感器的选择及其调整电路的设计、滤波电路的设计、数字显示表的设计、A／D卡的设计和继电器模块的设计。
软件系统采用Visual C++6.0为开发工具，开发了台架控制软件。软件采用了传统的Windows中文用户界面，以对话框和属性页的形式对参数设定，非常简单易用。点击控制界面的开始测试键，程序会自动调用VC++的相关函数读取A／D卡指定端口的数据，完成数据的采集；同时程序又能把我们输入的命令发送到A／D卡指定端口，控制外部设备的工作。软件会对采集的数据采取一定的处理方式，在屏幕上以相关曲线显示，并生成和打印测试报告。
最后根据测量所得数据，对车用用电机性能进行结果输出和分析，证明了该试验台能够实现基本性能和耐久性的检测，取得了较好的效果，达到了预期的目的。
Motors of the vehicle parts which are one of the key parts are widely used on the car,so its performance will be strictly required. Traditional detecting methods are backward, low precision and low. It is difficult to adapt to the modern industrial production. This text bases on the item of automobile glass lifts electric motor production lines from an automobile parts manufacturers, developed a micro motor testing system and a performance test-bed .This new type of equipment which can meet the testing requirements can fundamentally overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods.
This thesis mostly does the following research work:
First, an analysis of the level of domestic automotive electron I industry, which is the base of automotive test and the main direct of automotive industry, is made. Our stand-in put upon electronics.
Second, a review is attempted to make a review on Chinese standards for glass regulation riser motor, which are applied across China in the whole industry for automobile manufacture. Therefore the review provides the test installation of glass regulation riser, and these standards are doubtlessly what the test should meet. Moreover, this paper is trying to establish a plan according to QC/T636-2000 and attention is paid totes four parameters in this test installation: the speed and torque of motor idling, load, plug load current, the noise and vibration power. Third, a comprehensive online motor vehicle-testing system is designed; the standard parameters are created to determine whether the motor is good. The methods will be found to reduce the noise.
At the same time, the circuit of the testing bed must assure the working precision and reliability. The circuits of the testing bed include all the sensors select, the sensors regulator circuit design, the filter circuit design, the digital display watch design, the A/D card design, the relay module design.
We take Visual C++ 6.0 as development instrument, which utilize design philosophy of object oriented programming(OOP).We developed the entire software by VC++ 6.0 under Windows operating system. Its friendly graphic user interface, flexible operating manner, and powerful data processing function. Clicking start test key-press on control interface, system will read the data in specific port of A/D card by run related function of VC++ and realize the data collecting. At the same time, system can send order to specific port of A/D card to control the peripheral equipment. The software will process collected data and show corresponding curve on screen, produce and print the test report.
At last, a test on glass regulation riser motor in was made based on this test installation. All four quantities for five times and after system debugging are tested, which proves that this test installation system meets all request and an ideal outcome is achieved.
引文
[1] 中国汽车技术研究中心标准化研究所．汽车标准汇，2000，第六卷，车身及附件：499～506
[2] 王益全，张炳义等．电机测试技术．科学出版社，2004，3～140
[3] 陈忠．微特电机测试技术．上海科学技术出版社，1985，1～35
[4] 徐伯雄．电机量测．北京：清华大学出版社，1999，45～120
[5] 阎舒静，张桃平．振动分析在电机故障诊断中的应用[J]．河北煤炭，1998，3：28～29
[6] 中华人民共和国机械电子工业部．GB 10068．1-88旋转电机振动测定方法及限值．1988-08-31
[7] 李发海，朱东起．电机学．科学出版社，2005，87～153
[8] 蔡伟宏，陈明．分析电机振动的一种新方法[J]．防爆电机，2001．3：32～34
[9] Wu Li-Hua, Ma Huai-Jia, Zhang Jia. Motor test system based on network. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2002, (04): 620～623
[10] 何希才，刘洪梅．传感器应用接口电路．北京机械工业出版社，1997，85～96
[11] 余瑞芬．传感器原理(第二版)．航空工业出版社，1995，105～173
[13] Ma Huai-Jian, Wu Li-Hua, Zhang Jian. Integration of automatic test systems for middle/small motor. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2002, (05): 669～673
[14] 李德葆，张元润．振动测量与试验分析．北京：机械工业出版社，1991，26～70
[15] 马净，王峰，李晓，光李南．编码器原理及应用．中国仪器仪表，2002，(05)：43～45
[16] Shin Wae-Gyeong, Lee Soo-Hong, Song Young-Sik. The reliability life test and analysis of wiper motor for automobiles. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, (01): 605～608
[17] 姜继海．液压与气压传动[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2002，231～260
[18] 姜培刚．机电一体化系统设计[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999，98～287
[19] 刘文彦，周学乎．现代测试系统[M]，北京：国防科技大学出版社，1995，35～121
[20] 许寥编．电机与电气控制技术．机械工业出版社，2003，115～140
[21] 何希才．传感器及其应用电路．电子工业出版社，2001，144～148
[22] 黄继昌．传感器工作原理及应用实例．人民邮电出版社，1998，120～145
[23] 李华．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1993，283～301
[24] 刘文魁，石建玲．光电旋转编码器在角度测量中的应用．现代制造工程，2006，11：90～92
[25] Jung Il-Ho, Seo Jong-Hwi, Han Hyung-Suk, Park Tae-Won, Kim Joo-Yong. A study on DC motor noise reduction. Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2004, (02): 1434～1439
[26] 伊勇．Protel DXP电路设计入门与进阶．北京，科学出版社，2003，77～162
[27] Shigemori Takashi, Sawa Koichiro. Characteristics of flat commutator on DC motor for automotive fuel pump. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2004, (08): 1255～1260
[28] 黄贤武．传感器实际应用电路设计[M]．西安：电子科技大学出版社，1997，32～54
[29] Sasai Kouji. Automobile electric motors and Their applications. JEE, Journal of Electronic Engineering, 1986, (07): 44～46
[30] 秦永和．汽车传感器的现状与发展趋势[J]．传感器技术，2003，12～14
[31] 杨素行．微型计算机系统原理及应用．北京，清华大学出版社，1995，237～351
[32] Cui Shu-Mei, Wang Yue, Chai Feng, Wu Hong-Xing, Liu Bao-Ting, Cheng Shu-Kang. Virtual test system for permanent-magnet DC motor. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series), 2003, (06): 200～203
[33] 康华光．电子技术基础：数字部分[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1979
[34] 康华光主编．电子技术基础：模拟部分[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1979
[35] Goi O, Ojeah G. E, Blandford S. Computer aided testing of electrical machines. National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, 1994, (05): 269～274
[36] 李华．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1993，384-460
[37] Ackerman Clandine, Lentz Henry, Powers Williams Jr, Jones Thomas, Casuccio Ann, Spangler Chuck, Fischione Paul, File David, Anderson Gary, Breindel Harry, Reed Bill. Electrical Contacts, Proceedings of the Annual Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, 1990, (08): 259～268
[38] Castelli F. Dynamic test method for the speed-torque characteristic of dc motors. Conference Record-IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1996(05): 464～168
[39] Middleton A. H. The facilities for noise and vibration measurement and simulation. Soc of Environmental Engineers, 1984(01): 1～E9
[40] 谢沅清．信号处理电路[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1994，16～240
[41] 秦曾煌．电工学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2001，52～360
[42] 胡刚等．微机原理及应用．机械工业出版社，2001．183～204
[43] 孙德辉．微型计算机控制系统．冶金工业出版社，2002．15～217
[44] 阎石．数字电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，1997．348～355
[45] 刘浩斌．数字电路与逻辑电路．电子工业出版社，2002．128～154
[46] 秦曾煌．电工学(下)．高等教育出版社，1998．28～74
[47] 黄维通，姚瑞霞．Visual C++程序设计教程[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2002，12～230
[48] Muller希望图书创作室．Visual C++6从入门到精通[M]．北京：北京希望电子出版社，1999，20～155
[49] 龚建伟．Visual C++／Turbo C串口通信编程实践．电子工业出版社，2004，218～299
[50] Jan Axelson. Serial Port Complete. Lakeview Research, 1999, 89～111
[2] 王益全，张炳义等．电机测试技术．科学出版社，2004，3～140
[3] 陈忠．微特电机测试技术．上海科学技术出版社，1985，1～35
[4] 徐伯雄．电机量测．北京：清华大学出版社，1999，45～120
[5] 阎舒静，张桃平．振动分析在电机故障诊断中的应用[J]．河北煤炭，1998，3：28～29
[6] 中华人民共和国机械电子工业部．GB 10068．1-88旋转电机振动测定方法及限值．1988-08-31
[7] 李发海，朱东起．电机学．科学出版社，2005，87～153
[8] 蔡伟宏，陈明．分析电机振动的一种新方法[J]．防爆电机，2001．3：32～34
[9] Wu Li-Hua, Ma Huai-Jia, Zhang Jia. Motor test system based on network. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2002, (04): 620～623
[10] 何希才，刘洪梅．传感器应用接口电路．北京机械工业出版社，1997，85～96
[11] 余瑞芬．传感器原理(第二版)．航空工业出版社，1995，105～173
[13] Ma Huai-Jian, Wu Li-Hua, Zhang Jian. Integration of automatic test systems for middle/small motor. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2002, (05): 669～673
[14] 李德葆，张元润．振动测量与试验分析．北京：机械工业出版社，1991，26～70
[15] 马净，王峰，李晓，光李南．编码器原理及应用．中国仪器仪表，2002，(05)：43～45
[16] Shin Wae-Gyeong, Lee Soo-Hong, Song Young-Sik. The reliability life test and analysis of wiper motor for automobiles. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, (01): 605～608
[17] 姜继海．液压与气压传动[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2002，231～260
[18] 姜培刚．机电一体化系统设计[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999，98～287
[19] 刘文彦，周学乎．现代测试系统[M]，北京：国防科技大学出版社，1995，35～121
[20] 许寥编．电机与电气控制技术．机械工业出版社，2003，115～140
[21] 何希才．传感器及其应用电路．电子工业出版社，2001，144～148
[22] 黄继昌．传感器工作原理及应用实例．人民邮电出版社，1998，120～145
[23] 李华．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1993，283～301
[24] 刘文魁，石建玲．光电旋转编码器在角度测量中的应用．现代制造工程，2006，11：90～92
[25] Jung Il-Ho, Seo Jong-Hwi, Han Hyung-Suk, Park Tae-Won, Kim Joo-Yong. A study on DC motor noise reduction. Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2004, (02): 1434～1439
[26] 伊勇．Protel DXP电路设计入门与进阶．北京，科学出版社，2003，77～162
[27] Shigemori Takashi, Sawa Koichiro. Characteristics of flat commutator on DC motor for automotive fuel pump. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2004, (08): 1255～1260
[28] 黄贤武．传感器实际应用电路设计[M]．西安：电子科技大学出版社，1997，32～54
[29] Sasai Kouji. Automobile electric motors and Their applications. JEE, Journal of Electronic Engineering, 1986, (07): 44～46
[30] 秦永和．汽车传感器的现状与发展趋势[J]．传感器技术，2003，12～14
[31] 杨素行．微型计算机系统原理及应用．北京，清华大学出版社，1995，237～351
[32] Cui Shu-Mei, Wang Yue, Chai Feng, Wu Hong-Xing, Liu Bao-Ting, Cheng Shu-Kang. Virtual test system for permanent-magnet DC motor. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series), 2003, (06): 200～203
[33] 康华光．电子技术基础：数字部分[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1979
[34] 康华光主编．电子技术基础：模拟部分[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1979
[35] Goi O, Ojeah G. E, Blandford S. Computer aided testing of electrical machines. National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, 1994, (05): 269～274
[36] 李华．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1993，384-460
[37] Ackerman Clandine, Lentz Henry, Powers Williams Jr, Jones Thomas, Casuccio Ann, Spangler Chuck, Fischione Paul, File David, Anderson Gary, Breindel Harry, Reed Bill. Electrical Contacts, Proceedings of the Annual Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, 1990, (08): 259～268
[38] Castelli F. Dynamic test method for the speed-torque characteristic of dc motors. Conference Record-IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1996(05): 464～168
[39] Middleton A. H. The facilities for noise and vibration measurement and simulation. Soc of Environmental Engineers, 1984(01): 1～E9
[40] 谢沅清．信号处理电路[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1994，16～240
[41] 秦曾煌．电工学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2001，52～360
[42] 胡刚等．微机原理及应用．机械工业出版社，2001．183～204
[43] 孙德辉．微型计算机控制系统．冶金工业出版社，2002．15～217
[44] 阎石．数字电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，1997．348～355
[45] 刘浩斌．数字电路与逻辑电路．电子工业出版社，2002．128～154
[46] 秦曾煌．电工学(下)．高等教育出版社，1998．28～74
[47] 黄维通，姚瑞霞．Visual C++程序设计教程[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2002，12～230
[48] Muller希望图书创作室．Visual C++6从入门到精通[M]．北京：北京希望电子出版社，1999，20～155
[49] 龚建伟．Visual C++／Turbo C串口通信编程实践．电子工业出版社，2004，218～299
[50] Jan Axelson. Serial Port Complete. Lakeview Research, 1999, 89～111