车辆及发动机用微电机测试系统
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摘要
随着汽车自动化、电子化、智能化程度的不断提高，在各种电子自动控制的机械装置中越来越多地采用了微特电机。在车用微电机的生产、运行和研发过程中，需要对电机的性能、参数等进行必要的测试，以检验电机是否满足有关技术要求的规定，或寻求改进设计工艺的途径和方法。本文结合某车用微电机厂家的微电机性能实验台开发项目，设计了汽车及发动机用微电机测试系统。该测试系统机构简单，操作方便，人工干预少，自动化程度高，避免了传统测量方法所带来的浪费时间，判断标准不一，精确度不高等缺点。
本测试系统可完成对成品电机空载、一定载荷和堵载情况下电流、转速、转矩以及噪声振动性能的测量，并根据一定标准，判断电机是否合格。测试系统的结构包括制动器部分、转速测量部分、电机安装部分以及振动测量部分。其中制动器用来对电机施加一定阻力矩，以通入其电流的大小来控制制动器的输出转矩，用拉压力传感器测量制动器在一定长度的力臂上的制动力间接测量制动转矩大小；转速测量部分包括电磁离合器和编码器，电磁离合器用以控制电机与制动器的结合和断开，编码器用以测量电机转速；电机安装部分设计巧妙，可实现电机左、右件的安装，并用气缸作为执行件对待测电机进行固定；振动测量部分选用压电加速度传感器测量电机的噪声振动性能。
为保证测试系统的精度，设计中选择了合适的传感器，并设计了相应的信号处理电路、A／D转换电路和数字显示电路或者选择了合适的调理器。对制动器、离合器和气缸这些执行器件设计了合理的控制电路。
软件系统采用Visual C++6.0为开发工具，利用面向对象的设计思想，开发了台架控制软件。软件采用了传统的Windows中文用户界面，以对话框和属性页的形式对参数设定，非常简单易用。点击控制界面的开始测试键，程序会自动调用VC++的相关函数读取A／D卡指定端口的数据，完成数据的采集；同时程序又能把我们输入的命令发送到D／A卡指定端口，控制外部设备的工作。软件会对采集的数据采取一定的处理方式，在屏幕上以相关曲线显示，并生成和打印测试报告。
With the development of automation electron and intellectualization of the automile, more and more micromotors are being used in electronically and automatically controlled mechanism. It needs to test the motor's performance and parameters during its production, movement and scientific research process in order to check whether the motor satisfies the related specification or not, or to seek the new way and method to improve its design craft. According to the motor's performance test bench project of a micromotors company, it is designed the micromotor test system of the automobile and the engine.The system has simple organization and can be operated easily without too much manual intervention.Its automaticity is high and it avoids many shortcomings of traditional measuring technique, such as it wastes time, the judgement standard is inconsistent, the precision is not high and so on.
This system can detect many capabilities of the micromotor under different load such as rotated speed,power,torque,noise,vibration.It can judge whether the motor is eligible or not according some standard.It is consist of brake part, rotated speed test part,motor installment part as well as vibration measurement part.The brake can give the micromotor a certain resistance,we can control the output torque of the brake by controlling its input electric current,we can measure the brake torque by testing the brake force on a certain brake arm;the rotated speed test part is made up of the magnetic clutch and the encoder,and the magnetic clutch is used to control that the motor connects with or breaks away from the magnetic clutch,and the encoder is used to measure the rotated speed of the micromotor;the design of the motor installment part is very ingeniousm,it can install left or right micromotor,and it use air cylinder as the execution to fix the motor;it detect the motor's noise and vibration with piezoelectricity acceleration sensor.
Right sensors are chosen to insure the precision of the test system, corresponding signal processing electric circuit, A/D switching circuit and digita display circuit are designed, and appropriate recuperating is chosen.As to executioncomponents, for example brake, magnetic clutch, air cylinder,it is designed reasonable control circuits.
We take Visual C++6.0 as development instrument,which utilize design philosophy of object oriented programming.We developed the entire software by VC++6.0 under Windows operating system.Its has friendly graphic user interface,fiexible operating manner,and powerful data processing function.Clicking start test key-press on control interface,system will read the data in specific port of A/D card by running related function of VC++ and realize the data collecting.At the same time,system can send order to specific port of D/A card to control the peripheral equipment.The software will process collected data and show corresponding curve on screen,produce and print the test report.
本测试系统可完成对成品电机空载、一定载荷和堵载情况下电流、转速、转矩以及噪声振动性能的测量，并根据一定标准，判断电机是否合格。测试系统的结构包括制动器部分、转速测量部分、电机安装部分以及振动测量部分。其中制动器用来对电机施加一定阻力矩，以通入其电流的大小来控制制动器的输出转矩，用拉压力传感器测量制动器在一定长度的力臂上的制动力间接测量制动转矩大小；转速测量部分包括电磁离合器和编码器，电磁离合器用以控制电机与制动器的结合和断开，编码器用以测量电机转速；电机安装部分设计巧妙，可实现电机左、右件的安装，并用气缸作为执行件对待测电机进行固定；振动测量部分选用压电加速度传感器测量电机的噪声振动性能。
为保证测试系统的精度，设计中选择了合适的传感器，并设计了相应的信号处理电路、A／D转换电路和数字显示电路或者选择了合适的调理器。对制动器、离合器和气缸这些执行器件设计了合理的控制电路。
软件系统采用Visual C++6.0为开发工具，利用面向对象的设计思想，开发了台架控制软件。软件采用了传统的Windows中文用户界面，以对话框和属性页的形式对参数设定，非常简单易用。点击控制界面的开始测试键，程序会自动调用VC++的相关函数读取A／D卡指定端口的数据，完成数据的采集；同时程序又能把我们输入的命令发送到D／A卡指定端口，控制外部设备的工作。软件会对采集的数据采取一定的处理方式，在屏幕上以相关曲线显示，并生成和打印测试报告。
With the development of automation electron and intellectualization of the automile, more and more micromotors are being used in electronically and automatically controlled mechanism. It needs to test the motor's performance and parameters during its production, movement and scientific research process in order to check whether the motor satisfies the related specification or not, or to seek the new way and method to improve its design craft. According to the motor's performance test bench project of a micromotors company, it is designed the micromotor test system of the automobile and the engine.The system has simple organization and can be operated easily without too much manual intervention.Its automaticity is high and it avoids many shortcomings of traditional measuring technique, such as it wastes time, the judgement standard is inconsistent, the precision is not high and so on.
This system can detect many capabilities of the micromotor under different load such as rotated speed,power,torque,noise,vibration.It can judge whether the motor is eligible or not according some standard.It is consist of brake part, rotated speed test part,motor installment part as well as vibration measurement part.The brake can give the micromotor a certain resistance,we can control the output torque of the brake by controlling its input electric current,we can measure the brake torque by testing the brake force on a certain brake arm;the rotated speed test part is made up of the magnetic clutch and the encoder,and the magnetic clutch is used to control that the motor connects with or breaks away from the magnetic clutch,and the encoder is used to measure the rotated speed of the micromotor;the design of the motor installment part is very ingeniousm,it can install left or right micromotor,and it use air cylinder as the execution to fix the motor;it detect the motor's noise and vibration with piezoelectricity acceleration sensor.
Right sensors are chosen to insure the precision of the test system, corresponding signal processing electric circuit, A/D switching circuit and digita display circuit are designed, and appropriate recuperating is chosen.As to executioncomponents, for example brake, magnetic clutch, air cylinder,it is designed reasonable control circuits.
We take Visual C++6.0 as development instrument,which utilize design philosophy of object oriented programming.We developed the entire software by VC++6.0 under Windows operating system.Its has friendly graphic user interface,fiexible operating manner,and powerful data processing function.Clicking start test key-press on control interface,system will read the data in specific port of A/D card by running related function of VC++ and realize the data collecting.At the same time,system can send order to specific port of D/A card to control the peripheral equipment.The software will process collected data and show corresponding curve on screen,produce and print the test report.
引文
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[6] 郝金魁，张超风．电动助力转向系统电机驱动电路的设计．天津汽车，2006，(05))：17～19
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[12] Ma Huai-Jian, Wu Li-Hua, Zhang Jian. Integration of automatic test systems for middle/small motor. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2002, (05): 669～673
[13] Shin Wae-Gyeong, Lee Soo-Hong, Song Young-Sik. The reliability life test and analysis of wiper motor for automobiles. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, (01): 605～608
[14] Jung Il-Ho, Seo Jong-Hwi, Han Hyung-Suk, Park Tae-Won, Kim Joo-Yong. A study on DC motor noise reduction. Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2004, (02): 1434～1439
[15] Shigemori Takashi, Sawa Koichiro. Characteristics of flat commutator on DC motor for automotive fuel pump. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2004, (08): 1255～1260
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[17] Cui Shu-Mei, Wang Yue, Chai Feng, Wu Hong-Xing, Liu Bao-Ting, Cheng Shu-Kang. Virtual test system for permanent-magnet DC motor. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series), 2003, (06): 200～203
[18] 詹友刚．Pro／E中文野火版教程．清华大学出版社，2004：1～46
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[22] 马怀俭，雷旭，马永峰等．电机测试系统集成方法的研究．中小型电机，2000，(05)：42～44
[23] 刘保录．基于单片机的电机综合参数测试仪设计．兰州工业高等专科学校学报，2006，(06)：21～24
[24] 黄继昌．传感器工作原理及应用实例．人民邮电出版社，1998：120～145
[25] 孙传友等．测控系统原理与设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002：80～120
[26] 董永贵，李庆祥．精密测控与系统．清华大学出版社，2005：156～205
[27] 苏铁力．传感器及其接口技术．中国石化出版社，1998：2～211
[28] 黄贤武．传感器实际应用电路设计．电子科技大学出版社，1997：43～157
[29] 马净，王峰，李晓，光李南．编码器原理及应用．中国仪器仪表，2002，(05)：43～45
[30] 沈俊泉．采用振动测量法的噪声测试．电机技术，1994，(01)：48～49
[31] 杜秀萍．用频谱分析仪测量噪声参数．国外电子测量技术，1999，(03)：15～17
[32] 孙德辉．微型计算机控制系统．冶金工业出版社，2002：15～217
[33] 童诗白，华成英．模拟电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，2000：71～384
[34] 刘浩斌．数字电路与逻辑电路．电子工业出版社，2002：128～154
[35] 中国电子学会编．传感器与执行器大全．电子工业出版社，2003：54，236～262
[36] 何希才，张薇．传感器应用及其接口电路．科学技术文献出版社，1996：54～142
[37] 颜永军，李梅．Protel99电路设计与应用．国防工业出版社，2001：1～208
[38] 谢自美．电子线路设计试验测试．华中理工大学出版社，1999：317～321
[39] 郑步生．Multisim2001电路设计及仿真入门与应用．电子工业出版社，2002：1～198
[40] 李华等．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京航空航天大学出版社，1993：384～399
[41] 陈永甫．新编555集成电路应用800例．电子工业出版社，1996：239～240
[42] 黄维通，姚瑞霞．Visual C++程序设计教程．机械工业出版社，2002：15～19
[43] Muller希望图书创作室．Visual C++6从入门到精通．北京希望电子出版社，1999：32～87
[44] 马安鹏．Visual C++6程序设计导学．清华大学出版社，2002：23～29
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[2] 王益全，张炳义等．电机测试技术．科学出版社，2004：3～140
[3] 陈忠．微特电机测试技术．上海科学技术出版社，1985：1～35
[4] 邓北稳，邓斌．汽车起动机及发电机的技术进展．微电机，2006，(01)：89～93
[5] 赵奇平，程浩，陈汉汛．电动燃油泵预测试试验台开发．机电工程技术，2006，(03)：18～19
[6] 郝金魁，张超风．电动助力转向系统电机驱动电路的设计．天津汽车，2006，(05))：17～19
[7] 汪立亮等．现代汽车电器设备原理与检修．电子工业出版社，2001：112～115
[8] 赵玉生，王岩峰．电动座椅的构造与检修．汽车维修与保养，2001，(05)：39～40
[9] 邱结平．现代轿车电动玻璃升降器研究与探讨．汽车技术，2002，(04)：11～13
[10] 杨蕴穋，史乃．电机学．机械工业出版社，1999：78～86
[11] Wu Li-Hua, Ma Huai-Jia, Zhang Jia. Motor test system based on network. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2002, (04): 620～623
[12] Ma Huai-Jian, Wu Li-Hua, Zhang Jian. Integration of automatic test systems for middle/small motor. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2002, (05): 669～673
[13] Shin Wae-Gyeong, Lee Soo-Hong, Song Young-Sik. The reliability life test and analysis of wiper motor for automobiles. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, (01): 605～608
[14] Jung Il-Ho, Seo Jong-Hwi, Han Hyung-Suk, Park Tae-Won, Kim Joo-Yong. A study on DC motor noise reduction. Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2004, (02): 1434～1439
[15] Shigemori Takashi, Sawa Koichiro. Characteristics of flat commutator on DC motor for automotive fuel pump. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2004, (08): 1255～1260
[16] Sasai Kouji. Automobile electric motors and rheir applications. JEE, Jourual of Electronic Engineering, 1986, (07): 44～46
[17] Cui Shu-Mei, Wang Yue, Chai Feng, Wu Hong-Xing, Liu Bao-Ting, Cheng Shu-Kang. Virtual test system for permanent-magnet DC motor. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series), 2003, (06): 200～203
[18] 詹友刚．Pro／E中文野火版教程．清华大学出版社，2004：1～46
[19] 徐灏．机械设计手册 第一卷、第二卷、第三卷、第四卷．机械工业出版社，1992：22～146
[20] 朱龙根．机械设计．机械工业出版社，2006：321～328
[21] 李澄，吴天生等．机械制图．高等教育出版社，1997：183～371
[22] 马怀俭，雷旭，马永峰等．电机测试系统集成方法的研究．中小型电机，2000，(05)：42～44
[23] 刘保录．基于单片机的电机综合参数测试仪设计．兰州工业高等专科学校学报，2006，(06)：21～24
[24] 黄继昌．传感器工作原理及应用实例．人民邮电出版社，1998：120～145
[25] 孙传友等．测控系统原理与设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002：80～120
[26] 董永贵，李庆祥．精密测控与系统．清华大学出版社，2005：156～205
[27] 苏铁力．传感器及其接口技术．中国石化出版社，1998：2～211
[28] 黄贤武．传感器实际应用电路设计．电子科技大学出版社，1997：43～157
[29] 马净，王峰，李晓，光李南．编码器原理及应用．中国仪器仪表，2002，(05)：43～45
[30] 沈俊泉．采用振动测量法的噪声测试．电机技术，1994，(01)：48～49
[31] 杜秀萍．用频谱分析仪测量噪声参数．国外电子测量技术，1999，(03)：15～17
[32] 孙德辉．微型计算机控制系统．冶金工业出版社，2002：15～217
[33] 童诗白，华成英．模拟电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，2000：71～384
[34] 刘浩斌．数字电路与逻辑电路．电子工业出版社，2002：128～154
[35] 中国电子学会编．传感器与执行器大全．电子工业出版社，2003：54，236～262
[36] 何希才，张薇．传感器应用及其接口电路．科学技术文献出版社，1996：54～142
[37] 颜永军，李梅．Protel99电路设计与应用．国防工业出版社，2001：1～208
[38] 谢自美．电子线路设计试验测试．华中理工大学出版社，1999：317～321
[39] 郑步生．Multisim2001电路设计及仿真入门与应用．电子工业出版社，2002：1～198
[40] 李华等．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京航空航天大学出版社，1993：384～399
[41] 陈永甫．新编555集成电路应用800例．电子工业出版社，1996：239～240
[42] 黄维通，姚瑞霞．Visual C++程序设计教程．机械工业出版社，2002：15～19
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