胶州湾海岸带利用现状与评价
|
摘要
胶州湾是大自然赋予青岛的资源宝库,狭窄而稳定的岩石湾口是内湾天然屏障,环湾景色秀丽,随处可建良港,被誉为青岛的“母亲湾”,在青岛市的发展过程中起到了重要的推动作用。青岛市委市政府高度重视胶州湾,提出了“环湾保护,拥湾发展”的战略决策,在保护的前提下进一步发挥胶州湾区位优势,在更高的层次上拉动青岛市的发展。
本文依托青岛市规划局支持的“胶州湾岸线变化及其对泥沙运动的影响”项目,利用最新的2008年SPOT5遥感影像和多年Landsat遥感影像以及历史海图等资料,进行专题地图制作,对青岛市胶州湾地区的海岸带空间资源变化与利用现状做出总体评价,为青岛市“环湾保护、拥湾发展”战略规划提供依据。主要研究内容有:
(1)对SPOT5遥感影像进行几何精校正、正射纠正、图象配准、图象直方图匹配、图象增强处理、波段融合、遥感影像与DEM合成等预处理,通过试验对比多种处理方法,获得了能够满足解译要求的优质工作底图。
(2)明确岸线定义中分歧较大的几种岸线的含义,如线状坝、人工湿地等,结合地质学相关理论,建立了一个科学实用的海岸线分类体系,为以后的调查研究工作提供了统一的分类标准。
(3)统一历史资料的水位基准和坐标投影,提取各个时期岸线数据,分类统计比较,研究其演化规律和现状特征,总结人类影响因素在胶州湾岸线变化中的重大作用,提出保护胶州湾的迫切性。
(4)通过对遥感影像的室内人工目视解译和野外校验,完成1:10000胶州湾海岸带利用现状制图,评价海岸带利用现状。参考前人研究,从景观学角度将胶州湾滨海湿地分为人工湿地、陆地水域、潮滩和近海湿地,并分析评价胶州湾滨海湿地现状。
(5)从胶州湾海岸带现状出发,结合地质学与景观生态学等相关理论,着重从生态、防洪、湿地保护等方面进行研究,建立相应的指标体系,利用“斑块—廊道”理论、景观异质性理论、生态服务价值理论对胶州湾海岸带总体规划做出定性和定量评价。对规划中出现的问题和可能存在的隐患进行总结并提出解决方案。
Jiaozhou Bay is a gift for Qingdao from nature,lying in Qingdao and connected to Yellow Sea. Jiaozhou Bay is important for Qingdao by providing sight-seeing as well as marine science and research reasources .
Supported by the project“Coastline evolution of Jiaozhou Bay and influence on the sediment transportation”funded by Qingdao Urban Planning Bureau,this paper developed thematic maps,based on the newest SPOT5 of 2008 and many other historical Landsat remote sensing images combined with nautical charts. Accordingly,present situation of spatial resources utilization in Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone were assessed overall,which provided basis for the strategic plan“Protection Along the Bay,Development Around the Bay”for Qingdao. The main contents are as follows.
The SPOT5 remote sensing image underwent image pretreatments such as geometric precision correction,ortho rectification,image registration,histogram match,image intensification processing,wave band combination,synthesis of remote sensing image and DEM,and so on. Comparing various kinds of processing methods,a high quality base map satisfying the interpretation request was obtained.
Additionally,the meanings of several types of coastline,which historically have been divergent definitions such as linear-embankment and artificial wetland,are defined clearly in this paper. Combined with correlative theories in geology,a scientific and practical coastline classification system is established,providing a standard classification for later investigation.
Additionally,the meanings of several types of coastline,which historically have been divergent definitions such as linear-embankment and artificial wetland,are defined clearly in this paper. Combined with correlative theories in geology,a scientific and practical coastline classification system is established,providing a standard classification for later investigation.
The water level benchmarks and the coordinate projections of historical materials are unified. The statistics,based on information of coastline withdrew from historical nautical charts and remote sensing images,are classified and compared,in order to investigate its evolvement characteristic and tendency. Besides,the significant role that human activities playson Jiaozhou evolvement is also summarized accordingly,and the urgency for protecting Jiaozhou Bay is proposed here.
Through visual interpretation and verification in the field investigation on the remote sensing image,a present situation map with scale 1:10000 of Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone utilization is completed for assessment. Referring both the predecessors’works,and landscape study angle as well,Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetlands are divided into artificial wetland,continental water region,tidal flat and the offshore wetland,based on which the present situation of coastal wetland is analyzed and evaluated.
From the present situation of Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone,combined with geology and the landscape ecology and other correlative theories,the research is conducted emphatically from aspects of ecology,flood prevention,wetland protection,establishing the corresponding index system. Using“Plaque-gallery“theory,the landscape heterogeneity theory,ecosystem services value theory,the overall planning of Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone is valuated qualitatively and quantitatively as well. The problems and potential hidden dangers appearing in the planning are summarized and solution scheme is proposed.
本文依托青岛市规划局支持的“胶州湾岸线变化及其对泥沙运动的影响”项目,利用最新的2008年SPOT5遥感影像和多年Landsat遥感影像以及历史海图等资料,进行专题地图制作,对青岛市胶州湾地区的海岸带空间资源变化与利用现状做出总体评价,为青岛市“环湾保护、拥湾发展”战略规划提供依据。主要研究内容有:
(1)对SPOT5遥感影像进行几何精校正、正射纠正、图象配准、图象直方图匹配、图象增强处理、波段融合、遥感影像与DEM合成等预处理,通过试验对比多种处理方法,获得了能够满足解译要求的优质工作底图。
(2)明确岸线定义中分歧较大的几种岸线的含义,如线状坝、人工湿地等,结合地质学相关理论,建立了一个科学实用的海岸线分类体系,为以后的调查研究工作提供了统一的分类标准。
(3)统一历史资料的水位基准和坐标投影,提取各个时期岸线数据,分类统计比较,研究其演化规律和现状特征,总结人类影响因素在胶州湾岸线变化中的重大作用,提出保护胶州湾的迫切性。
(4)通过对遥感影像的室内人工目视解译和野外校验,完成1:10000胶州湾海岸带利用现状制图,评价海岸带利用现状。参考前人研究,从景观学角度将胶州湾滨海湿地分为人工湿地、陆地水域、潮滩和近海湿地,并分析评价胶州湾滨海湿地现状。
(5)从胶州湾海岸带现状出发,结合地质学与景观生态学等相关理论,着重从生态、防洪、湿地保护等方面进行研究,建立相应的指标体系,利用“斑块—廊道”理论、景观异质性理论、生态服务价值理论对胶州湾海岸带总体规划做出定性和定量评价。对规划中出现的问题和可能存在的隐患进行总结并提出解决方案。
Jiaozhou Bay is a gift for Qingdao from nature,lying in Qingdao and connected to Yellow Sea. Jiaozhou Bay is important for Qingdao by providing sight-seeing as well as marine science and research reasources .
Supported by the project“Coastline evolution of Jiaozhou Bay and influence on the sediment transportation”funded by Qingdao Urban Planning Bureau,this paper developed thematic maps,based on the newest SPOT5 of 2008 and many other historical Landsat remote sensing images combined with nautical charts. Accordingly,present situation of spatial resources utilization in Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone were assessed overall,which provided basis for the strategic plan“Protection Along the Bay,Development Around the Bay”for Qingdao. The main contents are as follows.
The SPOT5 remote sensing image underwent image pretreatments such as geometric precision correction,ortho rectification,image registration,histogram match,image intensification processing,wave band combination,synthesis of remote sensing image and DEM,and so on. Comparing various kinds of processing methods,a high quality base map satisfying the interpretation request was obtained.
Additionally,the meanings of several types of coastline,which historically have been divergent definitions such as linear-embankment and artificial wetland,are defined clearly in this paper. Combined with correlative theories in geology,a scientific and practical coastline classification system is established,providing a standard classification for later investigation.
Additionally,the meanings of several types of coastline,which historically have been divergent definitions such as linear-embankment and artificial wetland,are defined clearly in this paper. Combined with correlative theories in geology,a scientific and practical coastline classification system is established,providing a standard classification for later investigation.
The water level benchmarks and the coordinate projections of historical materials are unified. The statistics,based on information of coastline withdrew from historical nautical charts and remote sensing images,are classified and compared,in order to investigate its evolvement characteristic and tendency. Besides,the significant role that human activities playson Jiaozhou evolvement is also summarized accordingly,and the urgency for protecting Jiaozhou Bay is proposed here.
Through visual interpretation and verification in the field investigation on the remote sensing image,a present situation map with scale 1:10000 of Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone utilization is completed for assessment. Referring both the predecessors’works,and landscape study angle as well,Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetlands are divided into artificial wetland,continental water region,tidal flat and the offshore wetland,based on which the present situation of coastal wetland is analyzed and evaluated.
From the present situation of Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone,combined with geology and the landscape ecology and other correlative theories,the research is conducted emphatically from aspects of ecology,flood prevention,wetland protection,establishing the corresponding index system. Using“Plaque-gallery“theory,the landscape heterogeneity theory,ecosystem services value theory,the overall planning of Jiaozhou Bay coastal zone is valuated qualitatively and quantitatively as well. The problems and potential hidden dangers appearing in the planning are summarized and solution scheme is proposed.
引文
[1] Abstarct of Science Paper and Posters Presented at the Global Change Open Sciece Conferenc“eChallenges of a Changing Earth”[R]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands:IGBP, IHDP, 2001.
[2] Costanza R. d’Arge R, de Groot R, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital [J]. Nature, 1997, 387: 253-260.
[3] Daily G.Nature’s Services:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems [C]. Washington,DC: Island Press , 1997.
[4] Dobson B E, Bright Ea F R. NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program(CCAP): Guidance for Regional Implementational NOAA Technical Report Nmfs 123[R], 1995.
[5] Global Change Science in the Coastal Zone[R].The Netherlands:LOICZ Internataional Project Office, 1997.
[6] Lambin E F, Baulies X, Bockstael N, et al. Land use and land cover change, implementation strategy[R]. Stockholm: IGBP , 1999.
[7]李乃胜,于洪军,赵松龄.胶州湾自然环境与地质演化[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.
[8]陆健健.中国湿地[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社.1993.
[9]中国海湾志编辑委员会.中国海湾志(第四分册)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993:448-449.
[10]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所.胶州湾自然环境[M] .北京:海洋出版社,1984.
[11]青岛政务网http://www. qingdao. gov.cn/.
[12]青岛档案信息网http://www. qdda.gov.cn/.
[13]中国人民银行门户网站http://www. pbc.gov. cn/.
[14]边淑华,胡泽建,丰爱平,等.近130年胶州湾自然形态和冲淤演变探讨[J].黄渤海海洋,2001,19 (3):46-53.
[15]陈述彭,海岸带及其持续发展[A].遥感信息,1996(3):8-12.
[16]韩有松,孟广兰.胶州湾地区全新世海侵及其海平面变化.科学通报,1984(20):1255-1258.
[17]贾建军,夏小明,汪亚平,美国岸线现状调查30年进展综述—以美国弗吉尼亚州为例.海洋学研究,2008,26(2):53-58.
[18]陆健健中国滨海湿地的分类[J].环境导报,1996,(1),1-2.
[19]陆健健.我国滨海湿地的功能.环境导报,1996,(1) :41-42.
[20]尚杰.青岛海岸线规划利用与城市发展[A].海岸工程,2005,24(4):53-60.
[21]苏玉明,赵勇胜.湿地保护范围的量化确定方法[A].水利学报,2004(7).
[22]王学昌,孙长青,孙英兰,等.填海造地对胶州湾水动力环境影响的数值研究[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19 (3):55-59.
[23]王玉波,王静,唐莹.土地利用总体规划方案综合评价[A].东北农业大学学报(社会科学版),2007,5(5):18-20.
[24]夏东兴.海岸线与海岸带[A].海岸工程,2006,25(增):13-30.
[25]严海兵等,李秉柏,陈敏东.遥感技术提取海岸线的研究进展[A],2009,28(1):101-105.
[26]杨鸣,夏东兴,等.全球变化影响下青岛海岸带地理环境的演变[A].海洋科学进展.2005,23(3):289-296.
[27]杨世伦.半封闭海湾潮间带部分围垦后纳潮量计算的商榷—以胶州湾为例[J].海洋科学,2003,27(8) :43-47.
[28]杨永兴.国际湿地科学研究的主要特点.进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(2):111-120.
[29]杨玉娣,边淑华.海岸线及其划定方法探讨.海洋开发与管理,2007(6).
[30]印萍,路应贤.胶州湾的环境演变及可持续利用[J].海岸工程,2000,19 (3):14-22.
[31]余国营.湿地研究进展与展望[J].世界科技研究与发展,1999,22(3)::61-66.
[32]张晓龙,李培英,李萍,等.中国滨海湿地研究现状与展望,海洋科学进展,2005,23(1):87-95.
[33]赵康.公路工程对湿地功能的影响与对策.公路工程与运输[A],2008(11).
[34]赵全基,刘福寿.胶州湾水体缩小是主要环境问题[J].海岸工程,1993(1):63-67.
[35]郑全安,吴隆业.胶州湾遥感研究——1.总水域面积和总岸线长度量算[J].海洋与湖沼.1991,22(3):193-199.
[36]朱大奎.深圳海岸海洋环境与空间规划研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):45-53.
[37]郑全安,吴隆业,戴懋瑛,等.胶州湾遥感研究II.动力参数计算[J].海洋与湖沼,1992,23 (1):1-6.
[38]谢高地.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法.自然资源学报,2008,23 (5):911-919.
[39]徐鸿楷.1993.胶州湾的环境问题及对策.青岛环境(1):5-12.
[40]施玉麒,王寒梅,李金柱,上海市海岸带资源现状与未来趋势.上海地质,2003(1) :. 8-16.
[41]王希明,刘岱基.青岛湿地环境生物多样性概况与保护.环境与发展,1998(1):11-16.
[42]谢高地,肖玉,鲁春霞.生态系统服务研究:进展、局限和基本范式[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(2):191-199.
[43]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,45(1): 17-22.
[44]陈能汪,张潇尹,卢晓梅.基于GIS的生态系统服务直接利用价值评估方法[A].中国环境科学,2008,28(7): 661-666.
[45]余晓新,泰永胜,陈而华,等.北京山地森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(5): 783-786.
[46]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及生态经济价值的初步研究[J ] .生态学报,1999,19(5): 607 -613.
[47]王宗明,张柏,张树清.吉林省生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1): 55-61.
[48]俞炜炜,陈彬,张珞平.海湾围填海对滩涂湿地生态服务累积影响研究—以福建兴化湾为例[J].海洋通报,2008,27(1): 88-94.
[49]彭建,王仰麟,陈燕飞,等.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探—以深圳市为例[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2005,41(4): 594-604.
[50]李加林,童亿勤,许继琴,等.杭州湾南岸生态系统服务功能及其经济价值研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(6):104-108.
[2] Costanza R. d’Arge R, de Groot R, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital [J]. Nature, 1997, 387: 253-260.
[3] Daily G.Nature’s Services:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems [C]. Washington,DC: Island Press , 1997.
[4] Dobson B E, Bright Ea F R. NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program(CCAP): Guidance for Regional Implementational NOAA Technical Report Nmfs 123[R], 1995.
[5] Global Change Science in the Coastal Zone[R].The Netherlands:LOICZ Internataional Project Office, 1997.
[6] Lambin E F, Baulies X, Bockstael N, et al. Land use and land cover change, implementation strategy[R]. Stockholm: IGBP , 1999.
[7]李乃胜,于洪军,赵松龄.胶州湾自然环境与地质演化[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.
[8]陆健健.中国湿地[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社.1993.
[9]中国海湾志编辑委员会.中国海湾志(第四分册)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993:448-449.
[10]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所.胶州湾自然环境[M] .北京:海洋出版社,1984.
[11]青岛政务网http://www. qingdao. gov.cn/.
[12]青岛档案信息网http://www. qdda.gov.cn/.
[13]中国人民银行门户网站http://www. pbc.gov. cn/.
[14]边淑华,胡泽建,丰爱平,等.近130年胶州湾自然形态和冲淤演变探讨[J].黄渤海海洋,2001,19 (3):46-53.
[15]陈述彭,海岸带及其持续发展[A].遥感信息,1996(3):8-12.
[16]韩有松,孟广兰.胶州湾地区全新世海侵及其海平面变化.科学通报,1984(20):1255-1258.
[17]贾建军,夏小明,汪亚平,美国岸线现状调查30年进展综述—以美国弗吉尼亚州为例.海洋学研究,2008,26(2):53-58.
[18]陆健健中国滨海湿地的分类[J].环境导报,1996,(1),1-2.
[19]陆健健.我国滨海湿地的功能.环境导报,1996,(1) :41-42.
[20]尚杰.青岛海岸线规划利用与城市发展[A].海岸工程,2005,24(4):53-60.
[21]苏玉明,赵勇胜.湿地保护范围的量化确定方法[A].水利学报,2004(7).
[22]王学昌,孙长青,孙英兰,等.填海造地对胶州湾水动力环境影响的数值研究[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19 (3):55-59.
[23]王玉波,王静,唐莹.土地利用总体规划方案综合评价[A].东北农业大学学报(社会科学版),2007,5(5):18-20.
[24]夏东兴.海岸线与海岸带[A].海岸工程,2006,25(增):13-30.
[25]严海兵等,李秉柏,陈敏东.遥感技术提取海岸线的研究进展[A],2009,28(1):101-105.
[26]杨鸣,夏东兴,等.全球变化影响下青岛海岸带地理环境的演变[A].海洋科学进展.2005,23(3):289-296.
[27]杨世伦.半封闭海湾潮间带部分围垦后纳潮量计算的商榷—以胶州湾为例[J].海洋科学,2003,27(8) :43-47.
[28]杨永兴.国际湿地科学研究的主要特点.进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(2):111-120.
[29]杨玉娣,边淑华.海岸线及其划定方法探讨.海洋开发与管理,2007(6).
[30]印萍,路应贤.胶州湾的环境演变及可持续利用[J].海岸工程,2000,19 (3):14-22.
[31]余国营.湿地研究进展与展望[J].世界科技研究与发展,1999,22(3)::61-66.
[32]张晓龙,李培英,李萍,等.中国滨海湿地研究现状与展望,海洋科学进展,2005,23(1):87-95.
[33]赵康.公路工程对湿地功能的影响与对策.公路工程与运输[A],2008(11).
[34]赵全基,刘福寿.胶州湾水体缩小是主要环境问题[J].海岸工程,1993(1):63-67.
[35]郑全安,吴隆业.胶州湾遥感研究——1.总水域面积和总岸线长度量算[J].海洋与湖沼.1991,22(3):193-199.
[36]朱大奎.深圳海岸海洋环境与空间规划研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):45-53.
[37]郑全安,吴隆业,戴懋瑛,等.胶州湾遥感研究II.动力参数计算[J].海洋与湖沼,1992,23 (1):1-6.
[38]谢高地.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法.自然资源学报,2008,23 (5):911-919.
[39]徐鸿楷.1993.胶州湾的环境问题及对策.青岛环境(1):5-12.
[40]施玉麒,王寒梅,李金柱,上海市海岸带资源现状与未来趋势.上海地质,2003(1) :. 8-16.
[41]王希明,刘岱基.青岛湿地环境生物多样性概况与保护.环境与发展,1998(1):11-16.
[42]谢高地,肖玉,鲁春霞.生态系统服务研究:进展、局限和基本范式[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(2):191-199.
[43]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,45(1): 17-22.
[44]陈能汪,张潇尹,卢晓梅.基于GIS的生态系统服务直接利用价值评估方法[A].中国环境科学,2008,28(7): 661-666.
[45]余晓新,泰永胜,陈而华,等.北京山地森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(5): 783-786.
[46]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及生态经济价值的初步研究[J ] .生态学报,1999,19(5): 607 -613.
[47]王宗明,张柏,张树清.吉林省生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1): 55-61.
[48]俞炜炜,陈彬,张珞平.海湾围填海对滩涂湿地生态服务累积影响研究—以福建兴化湾为例[J].海洋通报,2008,27(1): 88-94.
[49]彭建,王仰麟,陈燕飞,等.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探—以深圳市为例[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2005,41(4): 594-604.
[50]李加林,童亿勤,许继琴,等.杭州湾南岸生态系统服务功能及其经济价值研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(6):104-108.