基于故障信息系统和Petri网理论的电网故障诊断方法的研究
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摘要
现代电力系统运行方式日趋复杂,保护配置灵活多变。一旦电网发生故障,如何快速确定故障设备,实现故障诊断,减少经济损失,一直是困扰电力工作者的一个非常头痛的问题。当前大量学者利用人工智能技术对电力系统故障诊断进行研究,都取得了很好的成果,然而还存在许多需要改进的地方。
本文提出了一种应用Petri网数学模型来实现电力系统故障诊断的方法。基于时空方向配合思想的元件引出线Petri模型能够准确模拟继电保护配合关系,元件连接树的提出使得该模型能够适应于电力系统运行方式的变化。另外,引入异常事件数的概念,实现信息缺失情况下的信息填充,取得了不错的效果。最后,通过山东电网500kV线路进行实例仿真,仿真结果表明本文提出的诊断方法对电网单一故障、多重故障及存在保护和断路器不正确动作等情况的严重故障均能快速准确定位故障元件,针对关联可疑元件实现可信度比较,并且该方法具有灵活性和实时性等特点。
故障信息系统作为一个规范信息平台,为诊断程序提供实时诊断信息。本文介绍了系统的结构和功能,另外从通信和接口角度,简要阐述了基于故障信息系统的实现故障诊断的层次结构框架。
The operation of modern power system becomes increasingly complex and the configuration of protection is quite flexible. So it has plagued electricity workers much how to quickly identify the fault equipment, realize the fault diagnosis and reduce economic losses. At present, a large number of scholars have made great achievements by applying artificial intelligence techniques into the research on power system diagnosis. However, there are still many areas to improve.
This paper proposes the method of fault diagnosis for power system with the application of Petri nets mathematical model. Based on the coordination of space-time domains, it is accurate to simulate the cooperative relation of protective relaying with the unit lead-out Petri model. And the junction tree of components is proposed to make the model to adapt to the change of operation mode of power system. In addition, the introduction of the concept of the number of abnormal events helps filling the missing electrical information and achieves good results. Finally, through simulation examples from Shandong 500 kV power grid, the test result of examples illustrates that, in the case of single and multiple faults of power system and incorrect operation of circuit breaker, the proposed method of fault diagnosis can quickly and precisely locate fault components and achieve credibility by comparing associated suspicious components. Moreover, this method has the feature of real time and flexibility.
Fault information system, as a standard information platform, support the diagnostic procedures by providing real-time diagnostic information. This article describes the system's structure and function. Besides, it also provide hierarchical framework of diagnostic realization base on fault information system in the aspect of communication and interface.
本文提出了一种应用Petri网数学模型来实现电力系统故障诊断的方法。基于时空方向配合思想的元件引出线Petri模型能够准确模拟继电保护配合关系,元件连接树的提出使得该模型能够适应于电力系统运行方式的变化。另外,引入异常事件数的概念,实现信息缺失情况下的信息填充,取得了不错的效果。最后,通过山东电网500kV线路进行实例仿真,仿真结果表明本文提出的诊断方法对电网单一故障、多重故障及存在保护和断路器不正确动作等情况的严重故障均能快速准确定位故障元件,针对关联可疑元件实现可信度比较,并且该方法具有灵活性和实时性等特点。
故障信息系统作为一个规范信息平台,为诊断程序提供实时诊断信息。本文介绍了系统的结构和功能,另外从通信和接口角度,简要阐述了基于故障信息系统的实现故障诊断的层次结构框架。
The operation of modern power system becomes increasingly complex and the configuration of protection is quite flexible. So it has plagued electricity workers much how to quickly identify the fault equipment, realize the fault diagnosis and reduce economic losses. At present, a large number of scholars have made great achievements by applying artificial intelligence techniques into the research on power system diagnosis. However, there are still many areas to improve.
This paper proposes the method of fault diagnosis for power system with the application of Petri nets mathematical model. Based on the coordination of space-time domains, it is accurate to simulate the cooperative relation of protective relaying with the unit lead-out Petri model. And the junction tree of components is proposed to make the model to adapt to the change of operation mode of power system. In addition, the introduction of the concept of the number of abnormal events helps filling the missing electrical information and achieves good results. Finally, through simulation examples from Shandong 500 kV power grid, the test result of examples illustrates that, in the case of single and multiple faults of power system and incorrect operation of circuit breaker, the proposed method of fault diagnosis can quickly and precisely locate fault components and achieve credibility by comparing associated suspicious components. Moreover, this method has the feature of real time and flexibility.
Fault information system, as a standard information platform, support the diagnostic procedures by providing real-time diagnostic information. This article describes the system's structure and function. Besides, it also provide hierarchical framework of diagnostic realization base on fault information system in the aspect of communication and interface.
引文
[1]T.S.Dillon.Expert system application in power systems.Prentice Hall,1990
[2]JADAD S B,JEYASURYA B,KHAPARDE S A,Power system fault diagnosis expert system using PROLOG[A],Fourth IEEE region 10 International Conference[C],Bombay(India):IEEE,1989,781-788
[3]ERNESTO V M,OSCAR L,CHACON M et al,An On-line expert system for Fault Section Diagnosis in Power System,IEEE Trans on Power System,1997,12(1):357-362
[4]张学军、刘小冰、阎彩萍等,基于正反向推理的电力系统故障诊断,电力系统自动化,1998,22(5):30-32
[5]杜一、张沛超、郁惟镛,基于事例和规则混合推理的变电站故障诊断系统,电网技术,2004,28(1):34-37
[6]毕天姝,倪以信,吴复立等,基于新型神经网络的电网故障诊断方法[J],中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):73-78
[7]OYAMA T,Fault section estimation in power system using Boitzmann machine[A],Proceedings of Second Forum on Artificial Neural Network[C].Yakohama:1993.3-8
[8]文福拴、钱源平、韩桢祥等,利用保护和断路器信息的电力系统故障诊断与不可观测的保护的状态是别的模型与Tabu搜索方法,电工技术学报,1998,13(5):1-8
[9]CHO H J,PARK J K,An Expert System for Fault Section Diagnosis of Power System Using Fuzzy Relation.IEEE Trans on Power system,1997,12(2):342-348
[10]MONSEF H,RANJBAR A M,JADID S.Fuzzy Rule-based Expert System for Power System Fault Diagnosis.IEE P.roceedings—Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1997,144(2):186-192
[11]廖志伟,孙雅明.基于数据挖掘模型在高压输电线系统故障诊断中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(15):15-19
[12]张琦、韩桢祥、文福拴,一种基于粗糙集理论的电力系统故障诊断和报警处 理新方法,中国电力,1998,31(4):32-35
[13]束洪春、孙向飞、司大军,基于粗糙集理论的配电网故障诊断研究,中国电机工程学报,2001,21(1):73-78
[14]MCARTHUR S DJ,DAVISON E M,HOSSACK J A et al.Automating Power system Fault Diagnosis Through Multi-agent System,Proceedings of 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science,Big Island(HI,USA):2004.947-954
[15]CHEN C F,CHEN S L,LIN Y S,Using Bayesian Network for Fault Location on Distribution Feeder[J],IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2002,17(3):785-793
[16]吴欣、郭创新、曹一家,基于贝叶斯网络及信息时序属性的电力系统故障诊断方法,中国电机工程学报,2005,25(13):14-18.
[17]LO K L,NG H S,TRECAT J,Power System Fault Diagnosis Using Petri Net,IEE Proceedings—Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1997,144(3):231-236
[18]LO K L,NG H S,GRANT D M et al,Extend Petri Net Model for Fault Diagnosis for Substation Automation,IEE Proceedings—Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1999,146(3):229-234
[19]王悦琴,基于Petri网的变电站故障诊断的研究:[硕士学位论文],济南,山东大学,2002
[20]杨春发,基于Petri网的电网故障诊断方法的研究:[颐士学位论文],北京,华北电力大学,2004
[21]任惠、米增强、赵洪山,基于编码Petri网的电力系统故障诊断模型研究,中国电机工程学报,2005,20(25):44-49
[22]孙静、秦世引、宋永华,模糊Petri网在电力系统故障诊断中的应用,中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9):74-79
[23]孙静、秦世引、宋永华,一种基于Petri网和概率信息的电力系统故障诊断方法,电力系统自动化,2003,27(13):10-14
[24]吕航,Petri网和冗余纠错技术结合的配网故障定位新方法,[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2004
[25]杨春发、毕天姝、黄少锋、杨奇逊,基于Petri网的电网故障诊断方法,中 国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第20届学术年会论文集,2004,1412-1415
[26]李雄刚,李力,李日隆,基于Petri网技术的电力系统故障诊断,广东电力,2004,17(3):9-13
[27]方培培、李永丽,应用Petri网对电力系统进行故障诊断,全国高校电力系及其自动化专业第二十届学术年会论文集,2004,822-825
[28]鄢安河、张献义、 张平阳,故障信息系统的构想与发展趋势,第二十九届中国电网调度运行会收录论文全集
[29]李倩、毕天姝,基于多信息源的分层故障诊断系统,2006年中国电力系统保护与控制学术研讨会,2006.9
[30]张楠、郭伟,电网故障诊断系统的研究与应用,东南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[31]王睿、张振华,IEC61850在继电保护及故障信息系统中的应用研究,华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2004
[32]孙月琴、孙鸣,安徽电网故障信息处理系统的开发与应用研究,合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2003
[33]程逍、段献忠,国家电力调度通信中心继电保护及故障信息管理系统研究,华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2005
[34]卞鹏、潘贞存,继电保护及故障信息系统设计,山东大学硕士学位论文,2004
[35]黄树帮,叶留金,袁宇波等.电网继电保护及故障信息处理主站系统的设计和实现电力系统自动化,2004,28(16):88-92
[36]廖泽友,连湛伟,柳风夙.继电保护故障信息处理系统通信方案的工程实现.电力系统自动化,2004,28(4):78-80,87
[37]李江林,魏世平,游定鹏等基于IEC最新标准的继电保护及故障信息处理系统设计.继电器,2004,32(7):48-52
[38]倪益民,丁杰,赵金荣等.电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统的设计与实现.电力系统自动化,2003,27(17):86-88
[39]章坚民,姜健宁,赵肪等IEC 61850在继电保护故障信息处理子站系统中的应用.电力系统自动化,2003,27(13):61-63
[40]刘志超,黄俊,承文新.电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统的实现.电力系统自动化,2003,27(1):72-75
[41]袁宇波,丁俊健,陆于平等.基于Intemet/Intranet的电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统,电力系统自动化,2001,25(1力:39-42
[42]雷霞,郑敏,黄华林等.继电保护运行与故障信息的图形化应用.电力系统自动化,2001,25(14):61-66
[43]金韬,赵舫.继电保护故障信息系统设计,中国学位论文数据库,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005
[44]IEC 61850-1.Communication Networks and Systems in Substations Part 1:Introduction and Overview.FDIS,2002
[45]IEC 61850-7.Communication Networks and Systems in Substations Part 7:Basic Communication structure for substations and feeder equipment.FDIS,2002
[46]Draft IEC 61970:Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)-Part Ⅰ:guidelines and general Requirements;Revision 7,2002
[47]Draft IEC 61970:Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)-Pa rt3 01:Common Information Model(CIM) Base;Revision 6,2001
[48]吴哲辉,Petri网导论。机械工业出版社,2006
[49]田宝江,陈青.Petri网理论在电网故障诊断中的应用.山东大学硕士学位论文.2008
[50]CHEN Chunlun.Bayesian nets and A-teams for power system fault diagnosis [D].Pittsburgh,P A,USA,Carnegie Mellon University,1992.
[2]JADAD S B,JEYASURYA B,KHAPARDE S A,Power system fault diagnosis expert system using PROLOG[A],Fourth IEEE region 10 International Conference[C],Bombay(India):IEEE,1989,781-788
[3]ERNESTO V M,OSCAR L,CHACON M et al,An On-line expert system for Fault Section Diagnosis in Power System,IEEE Trans on Power System,1997,12(1):357-362
[4]张学军、刘小冰、阎彩萍等,基于正反向推理的电力系统故障诊断,电力系统自动化,1998,22(5):30-32
[5]杜一、张沛超、郁惟镛,基于事例和规则混合推理的变电站故障诊断系统,电网技术,2004,28(1):34-37
[6]毕天姝,倪以信,吴复立等,基于新型神经网络的电网故障诊断方法[J],中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):73-78
[7]OYAMA T,Fault section estimation in power system using Boitzmann machine[A],Proceedings of Second Forum on Artificial Neural Network[C].Yakohama:1993.3-8
[8]文福拴、钱源平、韩桢祥等,利用保护和断路器信息的电力系统故障诊断与不可观测的保护的状态是别的模型与Tabu搜索方法,电工技术学报,1998,13(5):1-8
[9]CHO H J,PARK J K,An Expert System for Fault Section Diagnosis of Power System Using Fuzzy Relation.IEEE Trans on Power system,1997,12(2):342-348
[10]MONSEF H,RANJBAR A M,JADID S.Fuzzy Rule-based Expert System for Power System Fault Diagnosis.IEE P.roceedings—Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1997,144(2):186-192
[11]廖志伟,孙雅明.基于数据挖掘模型在高压输电线系统故障诊断中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(15):15-19
[12]张琦、韩桢祥、文福拴,一种基于粗糙集理论的电力系统故障诊断和报警处 理新方法,中国电力,1998,31(4):32-35
[13]束洪春、孙向飞、司大军,基于粗糙集理论的配电网故障诊断研究,中国电机工程学报,2001,21(1):73-78
[14]MCARTHUR S DJ,DAVISON E M,HOSSACK J A et al.Automating Power system Fault Diagnosis Through Multi-agent System,Proceedings of 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science,Big Island(HI,USA):2004.947-954
[15]CHEN C F,CHEN S L,LIN Y S,Using Bayesian Network for Fault Location on Distribution Feeder[J],IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2002,17(3):785-793
[16]吴欣、郭创新、曹一家,基于贝叶斯网络及信息时序属性的电力系统故障诊断方法,中国电机工程学报,2005,25(13):14-18.
[17]LO K L,NG H S,TRECAT J,Power System Fault Diagnosis Using Petri Net,IEE Proceedings—Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1997,144(3):231-236
[18]LO K L,NG H S,GRANT D M et al,Extend Petri Net Model for Fault Diagnosis for Substation Automation,IEE Proceedings—Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1999,146(3):229-234
[19]王悦琴,基于Petri网的变电站故障诊断的研究:[硕士学位论文],济南,山东大学,2002
[20]杨春发,基于Petri网的电网故障诊断方法的研究:[颐士学位论文],北京,华北电力大学,2004
[21]任惠、米增强、赵洪山,基于编码Petri网的电力系统故障诊断模型研究,中国电机工程学报,2005,20(25):44-49
[22]孙静、秦世引、宋永华,模糊Petri网在电力系统故障诊断中的应用,中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9):74-79
[23]孙静、秦世引、宋永华,一种基于Petri网和概率信息的电力系统故障诊断方法,电力系统自动化,2003,27(13):10-14
[24]吕航,Petri网和冗余纠错技术结合的配网故障定位新方法,[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2004
[25]杨春发、毕天姝、黄少锋、杨奇逊,基于Petri网的电网故障诊断方法,中 国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第20届学术年会论文集,2004,1412-1415
[26]李雄刚,李力,李日隆,基于Petri网技术的电力系统故障诊断,广东电力,2004,17(3):9-13
[27]方培培、李永丽,应用Petri网对电力系统进行故障诊断,全国高校电力系及其自动化专业第二十届学术年会论文集,2004,822-825
[28]鄢安河、张献义、 张平阳,故障信息系统的构想与发展趋势,第二十九届中国电网调度运行会收录论文全集
[29]李倩、毕天姝,基于多信息源的分层故障诊断系统,2006年中国电力系统保护与控制学术研讨会,2006.9
[30]张楠、郭伟,电网故障诊断系统的研究与应用,东南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[31]王睿、张振华,IEC61850在继电保护及故障信息系统中的应用研究,华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2004
[32]孙月琴、孙鸣,安徽电网故障信息处理系统的开发与应用研究,合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2003
[33]程逍、段献忠,国家电力调度通信中心继电保护及故障信息管理系统研究,华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2005
[34]卞鹏、潘贞存,继电保护及故障信息系统设计,山东大学硕士学位论文,2004
[35]黄树帮,叶留金,袁宇波等.电网继电保护及故障信息处理主站系统的设计和实现电力系统自动化,2004,28(16):88-92
[36]廖泽友,连湛伟,柳风夙.继电保护故障信息处理系统通信方案的工程实现.电力系统自动化,2004,28(4):78-80,87
[37]李江林,魏世平,游定鹏等基于IEC最新标准的继电保护及故障信息处理系统设计.继电器,2004,32(7):48-52
[38]倪益民,丁杰,赵金荣等.电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统的设计与实现.电力系统自动化,2003,27(17):86-88
[39]章坚民,姜健宁,赵肪等IEC 61850在继电保护故障信息处理子站系统中的应用.电力系统自动化,2003,27(13):61-63
[40]刘志超,黄俊,承文新.电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统的实现.电力系统自动化,2003,27(1):72-75
[41]袁宇波,丁俊健,陆于平等.基于Intemet/Intranet的电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统,电力系统自动化,2001,25(1力:39-42
[42]雷霞,郑敏,黄华林等.继电保护运行与故障信息的图形化应用.电力系统自动化,2001,25(14):61-66
[43]金韬,赵舫.继电保护故障信息系统设计,中国学位论文数据库,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005
[44]IEC 61850-1.Communication Networks and Systems in Substations Part 1:Introduction and Overview.FDIS,2002
[45]IEC 61850-7.Communication Networks and Systems in Substations Part 7:Basic Communication structure for substations and feeder equipment.FDIS,2002
[46]Draft IEC 61970:Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)-Part Ⅰ:guidelines and general Requirements;Revision 7,2002
[47]Draft IEC 61970:Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)-Pa rt3 01:Common Information Model(CIM) Base;Revision 6,2001
[48]吴哲辉,Petri网导论。机械工业出版社,2006
[49]田宝江,陈青.Petri网理论在电网故障诊断中的应用.山东大学硕士学位论文.2008
[50]CHEN Chunlun.Bayesian nets and A-teams for power system fault diagnosis [D].Pittsburgh,P A,USA,Carnegie Mellon University,1992.