印刷电路板生产线调度优化研究
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摘要
印刷电路板,简称PCB (printed circuit board),是以绝缘板为基材,按照预先设计完成点间连接和电子元器件的印刷。印刷电路板的组装系统又被称为表面贴装组装系统,兼有计算机集成制造和柔性制造等先进制造系统的特性,并以应用表面组装技术(简称SMT,surface mount technology)为主。当前,印刷电路组装业正处于小批量、多品种的生产环境,只有在最短的时间内以最小的缺憾和成本为代价获得最大的产出,才能适应多品种、多任务、多用户的生产要求。于是,对PCB板在SMT生产线上的优化设计研究具有重要的实践意义。
本文的主要工作是PCB板在SMT生产线上的调度问题进行优化建模,可分为以下三个层次：
第一层次是单品种PCB板在单台贴片机上的生产优化。包括吸嘴分配、供料器分配和元器件贴装顺序三个优化子问题,分别采用聚类算法、顺序遍历算法和组合取贴集合指派实现优化。
第二层次是PCB板在单条生产线上的生产优化。如果是单品种PCB在单条生产线上的优化,主要是元器件在各台贴片机上的负荷均衡优化,本文采用遗传算法使生产时间最短化。如果是多品种PCB在单条生产线上的优化,包括PCB分组和品种切换等优化子问题。本文利用相似相对系数成组策略,将PCB分成不同的组；元件供料器利用KTNS部分切换策略进行切换。利用主动禁忌搜索算法对PCB不同组之间和同一组之内进行排序,使生产优化。
第三层次是多品种PCB板在多条生产线上的生产优化,即多品种PCB板在两条生产线上负荷优化。主要是将多品种PCB均衡的分配到两条不同的生产线上。本文进一步改进了相似相对系数成组策略,使得两条生产线上的PCB板的相似度较大,从而使两条生产线的完工时间尽量接近。生产优化的目标是两条生产线最大的平均流程时间最短。
Printed circuit board (PCB) with insulation board as basic material, completes point connection and prints the electronic components according to design. The assembly system of printed circuit board is known as surface mount assembly system, with both computer integrated manufacturing and flexible manufacturing and other advanced manufacturing system characteristics, mainly in the application of Surface Mount Technology (SMT). At present, the printed circuit assembly industry is in small quantities and multi-types production environment. Only in the shortest time with minimal defect and cost to obtain the maximum output, it is to adapt to production requirements of many varieties, multitasking and multi-user. Therefore, there is important practical significance in SMT line optimization design study on the PCB board.
The main work of this paper is the optimization modeling in the SMT production line scheduling problem on PCB board, divided into the following three levels:
The first level is the production optimization of single type PCB board in single chip mounter, including three optimization subproblems:suction nozzle allocation, feeder assignment and component placement sequence, respectively using clustering algorithm, sequential traversal algorithm and combined with sticker set assignment.
The second level is the production optimization of PCB board in single production line. The optimization in a single production line of single type PCB is mainly to optimize the load balance of components in the placement machines, and this paper uses the genetic algorithm to shorten the production time. The optimization in a single production line of multi-types PCB includes PCB packet, variety switching and other optimization subproblems. In this paper, it uses similar relative coefficient group strategy to divide the PCB into different groups; component feeder uses the KTNS section switching strategy to switch. Using active taboo search algorithm sorts for PCB among different groups and in the same group, so as to optimize the production.
The third level is the production optimization of multi-types PCB board in the production lines, which is the optimization of multiple varieties PCB board in two production lines. It is to assign various PCB to two different production lines in a balance way. This paper makes further improvement of similar relative coefficient group strategy to similar the PCB boards in two production lines, so that the completion time of two lines is as close as possible. The target of production optimization is to make sure the maximum average flow time of two production lines the shortest.
本文的主要工作是PCB板在SMT生产线上的调度问题进行优化建模,可分为以下三个层次：
第一层次是单品种PCB板在单台贴片机上的生产优化。包括吸嘴分配、供料器分配和元器件贴装顺序三个优化子问题,分别采用聚类算法、顺序遍历算法和组合取贴集合指派实现优化。
第二层次是PCB板在单条生产线上的生产优化。如果是单品种PCB在单条生产线上的优化,主要是元器件在各台贴片机上的负荷均衡优化,本文采用遗传算法使生产时间最短化。如果是多品种PCB在单条生产线上的优化,包括PCB分组和品种切换等优化子问题。本文利用相似相对系数成组策略,将PCB分成不同的组；元件供料器利用KTNS部分切换策略进行切换。利用主动禁忌搜索算法对PCB不同组之间和同一组之内进行排序,使生产优化。
第三层次是多品种PCB板在多条生产线上的生产优化,即多品种PCB板在两条生产线上负荷优化。主要是将多品种PCB均衡的分配到两条不同的生产线上。本文进一步改进了相似相对系数成组策略,使得两条生产线上的PCB板的相似度较大,从而使两条生产线的完工时间尽量接近。生产优化的目标是两条生产线最大的平均流程时间最短。
Printed circuit board (PCB) with insulation board as basic material, completes point connection and prints the electronic components according to design. The assembly system of printed circuit board is known as surface mount assembly system, with both computer integrated manufacturing and flexible manufacturing and other advanced manufacturing system characteristics, mainly in the application of Surface Mount Technology (SMT). At present, the printed circuit assembly industry is in small quantities and multi-types production environment. Only in the shortest time with minimal defect and cost to obtain the maximum output, it is to adapt to production requirements of many varieties, multitasking and multi-user. Therefore, there is important practical significance in SMT line optimization design study on the PCB board.
The main work of this paper is the optimization modeling in the SMT production line scheduling problem on PCB board, divided into the following three levels:
The first level is the production optimization of single type PCB board in single chip mounter, including three optimization subproblems:suction nozzle allocation, feeder assignment and component placement sequence, respectively using clustering algorithm, sequential traversal algorithm and combined with sticker set assignment.
The second level is the production optimization of PCB board in single production line. The optimization in a single production line of single type PCB is mainly to optimize the load balance of components in the placement machines, and this paper uses the genetic algorithm to shorten the production time. The optimization in a single production line of multi-types PCB includes PCB packet, variety switching and other optimization subproblems. In this paper, it uses similar relative coefficient group strategy to divide the PCB into different groups; component feeder uses the KTNS section switching strategy to switch. Using active taboo search algorithm sorts for PCB among different groups and in the same group, so as to optimize the production.
The third level is the production optimization of multi-types PCB board in the production lines, which is the optimization of multiple varieties PCB board in two production lines. It is to assign various PCB to two different production lines in a balance way. This paper makes further improvement of similar relative coefficient group strategy to similar the PCB boards in two production lines, so that the completion time of two lines is as close as possible. The target of production optimization is to make sure the maximum average flow time of two production lines the shortest.
引文
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