战术数据链组网技术研究
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摘要
战术数据链是针对特定的战术任务而设计规划和配置的，应用于军事领域的数字通信系统。战术数据链需要在部署实施前进行网络结构设计、资源分配和相关参数配置，根据特定的作战需求形成“最适合”的战术数据链组网方案，在初始化时加载到战术数据链终端上，这个过程称为战术数据链组网。战术数据链的组网配置直接取决于当前面临的作战任务、参战单元和作战区域。只有这样，才能保证各个战术数据链参与成员（网络单元/参战平台）在作战中信息的互联互通，满足实际作战需求。
本文给出了战术数据链组网的定义，提出了一种战术数据链组网流程框架，其中包括组网设计、组网规划和组网验证三个方面。研究了包括战术数据链信息交换需求概念建模、网络资源分配数量预测、网络角色选择、网络资源均匀分配以及组网仿真等的组网技术。本文的研究可以为战术数据链的作战运用、作战效能研究以及装备研发提供理论方法和技术。
本文主要工作包括如下四个方面：
（1）在阐述战术数据链组网的重要性和必要性的基础上，给出战术数据链组网的定义。通过对战术数据链组网进行系统分析，提出一种战术数据链组网流程框架，该框架包括三个部分：组网设计、组网规划和组网验证；明确三者相互间的逻辑关系和主要研究内容，以及其中包含的相关技术。
（2）在分析战术数据链组网设计中的主要研究内容的基础上，指出组网设计需要确认作战平台之间的信息交换需求以支持预定的战术任务，选择各种网络功能以支持各个作战行动，以及根据每种网络功能的需要适当分配网络资源。
提出了战术数据链信息交换需求概念建模方法。从任务空间概念模型和EATI模板的基本理论和方法入手，根据“通用联合作战任务清单”[1]的任务过程对作战任务进行分解，制定映射规则以获取通信业务需求，通过UML建立实施作战任务过程的信息交换需求概念模型，最后给出相应的应用案例。
提出了战术数据链网络资源分配数量预测方法。从满足作战需求角度上，深入分析了消息响应时间、消息传输率以及消息冲突概率与固定分配时隙数量的关系，分别对其相应的时隙资源分配数量进行预测，并利用仿真进行验证。仿真结果表明该预测方法不仅能基本满足作战需求，同时也可实现系统资源的合理利用。
（3）在分析战术数据链组网规划中的主要研究内容的基础上，指出组网规划主要包括支撑战术数据链网络正常运行的网络角色指派，对每一个战术数据链网络成员（同时也是参战单元）分配网络资源，以及其他一些使所有网络成员协同运作的网络配置等。
提出了战术数据链网络角色选择方法。给出了战术数据链各种网络角色及其角色指派优先准则，根据战术数据链中继技术的特点，定义并计算各个候选中继节点的权重，通过权重指导中继角色的选择，既可降低了泛洪开销，又可最大程度地满足作战任务要求，也可实现了中继节点数的优化。仿真结果表明该方法是一种快速的分布式计算方法，不仅能确保网络的连通性，还能在得到具有极大权重的中继节点集合同时保证中继节点数量的极小性，可以有效地应用于战术数据链中继角色指派。
提出了战术数据链网络资源均匀分配方法。为解决获得最小时延抖动的时隙分配问题，利用图论求解包含确定边数的最短路径环，从而通过对时隙资源的均匀分配实现最小时延抖动。仿真结果表明该方法确保了分配给各个网络成员的时隙块中相邻时隙间隔最为平均。
（4）为了保证战术数据链组网方案能在预计的作战环境下实现预期的作战效能，需要根据给定的战术任务对该组网方案进行仿真试验。由此本文提出了一种面向组网验证的战术数据链仿真方法。给出了战术数据链组网仿真框架，设计了战术数据链协议体系模型，由此建立了相应的战术数据链仿真模型，通过对案例模拟仿真验证本文研究的战术数据链组网技术的有效性。
Tactical Data Link (TDL) is a digital communication system used in the militaryfield, which is designed, planned and configured for specific tactical operations. Thereis, therefore, a need for network design, resource allocation and parameter configurationto be carried out before deployment. It is achieved through a TDL “NetworkingProcess”, which is the process of forming the fittest TDL network program loaded toTDL terminals based on specific operational requirements while initialization..Networking process directly depends on the current operation mission, combat units andenvironment. Only by so doing will it be possible to maintain the interoperability ofintended TDL participants in war, to meet the actual operational needs, and ultimately tosupport the planned tactical operations.
The definition of TDL networking process is given. Further, it is divided into threeparts, including network design, network planning and network evaluation. Also theconceptual modeling for TDL information exchange requirements (IER), the predictionof network resource allocation, the designation of network roles, the uniformassignment of network resource and the network simulation technologies are studied.This study can provide theoretical approaches and technologies for TDL operations,TDL efficiency, and TDL equipment development.
The main works are as following.
(1) The significance and necessity of TDL networking process are illustrated andthe definition is given. Through the analysis of TDL networking process the frameworkis proposed. Moreover it can be divided into three parts, namely, network design,network planning and network evaluation. Furthermore the relationship among them isidentified, the content is classified and the networking process technologies are pointedout.
(2) The main content of TDL network design is analyzed. It is defined as theprocess of specifying the information exchange or communication requirements insupport of planned tactical operations, selecting a variety of network functions tosupport various operations, and then allocating network resources according their needs.
A conceptual modeling methodology for TDL IER is presented. Firstly the basictheory and method of CMMS (Conceptual Models of the Mission Space) and EATI(Entity-Action-Task-Interaction) template are studied. And the operation task isdisaggregated by the UJTL (Universal Joint Task List). Then the IER is obtainedthrough the mapping rules. After that the conceptual model is build and descripted withUML. Finally an application case is given.
A prediction methodology of network resource allocation is presented. Based onoperation requirements, the analyses of the relationship between timeslot number and message response time, transmission rate or collision ratio are proposed. Respectively,the allocation timeslot number prediction methods are given. Then simulation tests areare carried out to demonstrate these methods. The results show that they can not onlymeet the operational needs, but also utilize network resources effectively.
(3) The main content of TDL network planning is analyzed. It is defined as theprocess of designating the network roles, assigning network resources to each unit,together with other planning details which will enable all participants to operate in thenetwork in a coordinated manner.
A designation methology of TDL network roles is presented. Firstly the networkroles in TDL are introduced. Then relay technical characteristics in TDL are analyzed.And the weight of relay candidates is defined and calculated. By selecting the relynodes through their weights, it can reduce the flooding overhead, meet operational needto the best extend and optimize the number of relay nodes. The simulation results showthat it is a fast method for distributed computing. It can not only ensure the networkconnectivity, but also form a relay node set with great weight and less number.Consequently, it can be well applied to assign the relay role in TDL.
A uniform assignment methodology of network resource is presented. Firstlyproblem of timeslot allocation with minimum jitter is described. Further it istransformed to the problem of seeking the shortest ring with determinate number ofedges in the grath. In this way the minimum jitter can be achieved. The simulationresults show that this method can ensures that the interval of adjacent timeslot allocatedis uniform.
(4) In order to ensure the network program can achieve the desired effectiveness inthe battlefield, the simulation test should be carried out according to the specific tacticaloperation. A framework of TDL network simulation is introduced. And a TDL protocolarchitecuture model is designed. Respectively the simulation model is build and thesimulation process is given. A case is studied to validate the above networking processtechnologies.
本文给出了战术数据链组网的定义，提出了一种战术数据链组网流程框架，其中包括组网设计、组网规划和组网验证三个方面。研究了包括战术数据链信息交换需求概念建模、网络资源分配数量预测、网络角色选择、网络资源均匀分配以及组网仿真等的组网技术。本文的研究可以为战术数据链的作战运用、作战效能研究以及装备研发提供理论方法和技术。
本文主要工作包括如下四个方面：
（1）在阐述战术数据链组网的重要性和必要性的基础上，给出战术数据链组网的定义。通过对战术数据链组网进行系统分析，提出一种战术数据链组网流程框架，该框架包括三个部分：组网设计、组网规划和组网验证；明确三者相互间的逻辑关系和主要研究内容，以及其中包含的相关技术。
（2）在分析战术数据链组网设计中的主要研究内容的基础上，指出组网设计需要确认作战平台之间的信息交换需求以支持预定的战术任务，选择各种网络功能以支持各个作战行动，以及根据每种网络功能的需要适当分配网络资源。
提出了战术数据链信息交换需求概念建模方法。从任务空间概念模型和EATI模板的基本理论和方法入手，根据“通用联合作战任务清单”[1]的任务过程对作战任务进行分解，制定映射规则以获取通信业务需求，通过UML建立实施作战任务过程的信息交换需求概念模型，最后给出相应的应用案例。
提出了战术数据链网络资源分配数量预测方法。从满足作战需求角度上，深入分析了消息响应时间、消息传输率以及消息冲突概率与固定分配时隙数量的关系，分别对其相应的时隙资源分配数量进行预测，并利用仿真进行验证。仿真结果表明该预测方法不仅能基本满足作战需求，同时也可实现系统资源的合理利用。
（3）在分析战术数据链组网规划中的主要研究内容的基础上，指出组网规划主要包括支撑战术数据链网络正常运行的网络角色指派，对每一个战术数据链网络成员（同时也是参战单元）分配网络资源，以及其他一些使所有网络成员协同运作的网络配置等。
提出了战术数据链网络角色选择方法。给出了战术数据链各种网络角色及其角色指派优先准则，根据战术数据链中继技术的特点，定义并计算各个候选中继节点的权重，通过权重指导中继角色的选择，既可降低了泛洪开销，又可最大程度地满足作战任务要求，也可实现了中继节点数的优化。仿真结果表明该方法是一种快速的分布式计算方法，不仅能确保网络的连通性，还能在得到具有极大权重的中继节点集合同时保证中继节点数量的极小性，可以有效地应用于战术数据链中继角色指派。
提出了战术数据链网络资源均匀分配方法。为解决获得最小时延抖动的时隙分配问题，利用图论求解包含确定边数的最短路径环，从而通过对时隙资源的均匀分配实现最小时延抖动。仿真结果表明该方法确保了分配给各个网络成员的时隙块中相邻时隙间隔最为平均。
（4）为了保证战术数据链组网方案能在预计的作战环境下实现预期的作战效能，需要根据给定的战术任务对该组网方案进行仿真试验。由此本文提出了一种面向组网验证的战术数据链仿真方法。给出了战术数据链组网仿真框架，设计了战术数据链协议体系模型，由此建立了相应的战术数据链仿真模型，通过对案例模拟仿真验证本文研究的战术数据链组网技术的有效性。
Tactical Data Link (TDL) is a digital communication system used in the militaryfield, which is designed, planned and configured for specific tactical operations. Thereis, therefore, a need for network design, resource allocation and parameter configurationto be carried out before deployment. It is achieved through a TDL “NetworkingProcess”, which is the process of forming the fittest TDL network program loaded toTDL terminals based on specific operational requirements while initialization..Networking process directly depends on the current operation mission, combat units andenvironment. Only by so doing will it be possible to maintain the interoperability ofintended TDL participants in war, to meet the actual operational needs, and ultimately tosupport the planned tactical operations.
The definition of TDL networking process is given. Further, it is divided into threeparts, including network design, network planning and network evaluation. Also theconceptual modeling for TDL information exchange requirements (IER), the predictionof network resource allocation, the designation of network roles, the uniformassignment of network resource and the network simulation technologies are studied.This study can provide theoretical approaches and technologies for TDL operations,TDL efficiency, and TDL equipment development.
The main works are as following.
(1) The significance and necessity of TDL networking process are illustrated andthe definition is given. Through the analysis of TDL networking process the frameworkis proposed. Moreover it can be divided into three parts, namely, network design,network planning and network evaluation. Furthermore the relationship among them isidentified, the content is classified and the networking process technologies are pointedout.
(2) The main content of TDL network design is analyzed. It is defined as theprocess of specifying the information exchange or communication requirements insupport of planned tactical operations, selecting a variety of network functions tosupport various operations, and then allocating network resources according their needs.
A conceptual modeling methodology for TDL IER is presented. Firstly the basictheory and method of CMMS (Conceptual Models of the Mission Space) and EATI(Entity-Action-Task-Interaction) template are studied. And the operation task isdisaggregated by the UJTL (Universal Joint Task List). Then the IER is obtainedthrough the mapping rules. After that the conceptual model is build and descripted withUML. Finally an application case is given.
A prediction methodology of network resource allocation is presented. Based onoperation requirements, the analyses of the relationship between timeslot number and message response time, transmission rate or collision ratio are proposed. Respectively,the allocation timeslot number prediction methods are given. Then simulation tests areare carried out to demonstrate these methods. The results show that they can not onlymeet the operational needs, but also utilize network resources effectively.
(3) The main content of TDL network planning is analyzed. It is defined as theprocess of designating the network roles, assigning network resources to each unit,together with other planning details which will enable all participants to operate in thenetwork in a coordinated manner.
A designation methology of TDL network roles is presented. Firstly the networkroles in TDL are introduced. Then relay technical characteristics in TDL are analyzed.And the weight of relay candidates is defined and calculated. By selecting the relynodes through their weights, it can reduce the flooding overhead, meet operational needto the best extend and optimize the number of relay nodes. The simulation results showthat it is a fast method for distributed computing. It can not only ensure the networkconnectivity, but also form a relay node set with great weight and less number.Consequently, it can be well applied to assign the relay role in TDL.
A uniform assignment methodology of network resource is presented. Firstlyproblem of timeslot allocation with minimum jitter is described. Further it istransformed to the problem of seeking the shortest ring with determinate number ofedges in the grath. In this way the minimum jitter can be achieved. The simulationresults show that this method can ensures that the interval of adjacent timeslot allocatedis uniform.
(4) In order to ensure the network program can achieve the desired effectiveness inthe battlefield, the simulation test should be carried out according to the specific tacticaloperation. A framework of TDL network simulation is introduced. And a TDL protocolarchitecuture model is designed. Respectively the simulation model is build and thesimulation process is given. A case is studied to validate the above networking processtechnologies.
引文
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