CFRP片材加固混凝土梁抗剪承载力可靠度分析与设计
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摘要
对现有结构进行加固与修复,可以充分发挥结构的潜力,满足结构使用功能的要求,同时能够带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。碳纤维增强塑料(英文简称CFRP)片材凭借其高强、轻质、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳、无磁性、施工便捷等诸多优点,已广泛应用于混凝土结构构件的修复加固与改造工程当中。对混凝土梁构件进行抗剪加固可以有效提高其受剪承载力,避免脆性破坏模式地发生。目前,FRP抗剪加固混凝土梁承载力计算模型多是在钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力计算方法的基础之上,基于对试验的分析而建立起来的。我国的《纤维增强复合材料工程应用技术规范》(征求意见稿)拟于近期正式发布。其中的一些设计条款的设计参数还缺乏足够的理论依据,具有一定的经验性。为了对相关参数有更为合理而又充分地认识,本文借助可靠度理论针对该规范中的一些设计条款进行了可靠度分析,并且在此基础上分析了考虑时间因素的不利环境对构件性能的影响,对加固构件的耐久性设计具有借鉴意义。
本文采用JC法针对《纤维增强复合材料工程应用技术规范》(征求意见稿)中,FRP抗剪加固混凝土梁构件的设计方法进行了可靠度分析。研究表明,当采用粘贴FRP片材对混凝土梁进行U型、侧面粘贴或封闭粘贴等方式抗剪加固后,构件的可靠度水平与加固前相比均有不同程度地降低,三种加固方式可靠指标的降低幅度分别为19.2%-28.5%、7.4%-19.9%和17.1%-31.9%；荷载效应比、混凝土强度等级、钢筋的配箍率以及FRP加固量是影响可靠度指标的主要因素。
为了对受剪加固系数进行深入的可靠度研究,本文引入了“可靠度加固率”的概念,即构件加固后与加固前可靠度指标的比值。经过对加固前后构件可靠度水平的分析计算,将U型加固、侧面粘贴加固和封闭粘贴加固三种加固模式下,用于确定FRP抗剪贡献的受剪加固系数与从概率的角度表征构件性能的可靠指标联系起来,建立了受剪加固系数与可靠度加固率之间的关系式。这样,可以根据不同的可靠度水平采用不同的受剪加固系数用于工程设计,做了以可靠度理论为基础的基于性能设计的探索性研究。
建立了氯离子侵蚀环境下构件抗剪承载力随时间变化的计算模型,在此基础上进行了时变剪力分析。采用Monte Carlo-JC法计算了氯离子环境下梁的时变可靠度,并进行参数分析。结果表明,箍筋的保护层较小,与纵筋相比更容易发生锈蚀;氯离子环境下,当考虑箍筋与纵筋同时发生锈蚀对构件受剪性能的影响时,构件达到50年服役期后,其受剪承载力仅为初始时刻的40.6%,可靠指标仅为初始时刻的15.6%-32.2%；采用CFRP对构件进行加固可以有效提高构件的受剪承载力,并且减小可靠指标的衰减速率,延长构件的使用寿命；保护层厚度和锈蚀电流对构件受剪承载力时变可靠度影响较大
Strengthening and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete structures can fully tap the potential of the structure, meet the different requirements of using function of structure, and bring enormous economic and social benefits as well. Due to their advantages of high tensile strength, low mass density, corrosion resistance, fatigue endurance, nonmagnetic, easy treatment during construction, etc, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates have been widely applied to strengthening reinforced concrete components. Their shear capacities would be therefore improved and the brittle failure model could also be avoided, effectively. So far, the computational models of the shear capacity of concrete beams strengthened with FRP are experienmentally based on those for conventional unstrengthened reinforced concrete beams. The draft of design guideline'Technical Specification for Engineering Application of Fiber Reinforced Polymers'is coming soon. Some design parameters of relevant provisions in this guideline are short of theorectial basis and empirical to some extent. To make a comprehensive and reasonable understanding of those design parameters, those design provisions were assessed from a probabilistic point of view. After this, the effect of environmental factor on the performance of components was also taken into account, which is meaninigful for developing a durability-based reliability design method for FRP strengthened reinforced concrete structures.
The Rackwitz-Fiessler method was used to study the reliability of the shear design method of FRP reinforced concrete beams in the'Technical Specification for Engineering Application with Fiber Reinforced Polymer'(Draft). The research results showed that the application of FRP laminates to the beams might lead to a decrease in reliability level compared with the unstrengthened ones, no matter which mode was adopted. The depressed scopes of reliability index of the three modes were 19.2%～28.5%,7.4%～19.9% and 17.1%-31.9%, respectively. The effects of the load effect factor, concrete strength grade, stirrup reinforcement ratio and FRP reinforcement ratio on reliability were great.
In order to make a further investigation on the resistance factor from the probabilistic point of view, a so-called reliability strengthening ratio was introduced, which was defined as the ratio of average reliability indexes of beams after and before strengthening. By calculating the reliability indexes of unstrenghted beams and strenghted ones using U jacketing, side bonding and complete wrapping strengthening modes, the relationships between resistance factor and reliability strengthening ratio of three strengthening modes, which characterized the structural performance applying probabilistic approach, were drawn. So different resistance factor could be used according to different reliability strengthening ratio. The performance-based research work, which was based on probability theory, was explored.
The time-dependent ultimate state functions of beams before and after FRP shear strengthening were established on the basis of the time-dependent resistances and time variant load effects, under the chlorine-circumstance. The time-dependent shear capacity analysis of pre-and post-strengthened reinforced concrete beams was carried out. The Monte Carlo-Rackwitz-Fiessler method was used to study the time-dependent reliability with an emphasis on chloride-ingress corrosion in reinforcement. The research results showed that the stirrups, with smaller concrete covers, were prone to be corroded. Significant degradation of shear capacity and reliability of the beams exposed to chloride environmental conditions were observed. When it is approaching the end of 50-year service life and the effect of corrosion of both stirrups and longitudinal bars to shear capacity was considered, the shear capacity dropped to 40.6%, and the scope of reduced reliability indexes was 15.6%-32.2%, compared with the initial moment. CFRP laminates were effective to enhance shear capacity, decrease the decay rate of reliability index, and prolong the service life of components. The effects of concrete cover and corrosion current on time-dependent reliability were notable.
本文采用JC法针对《纤维增强复合材料工程应用技术规范》(征求意见稿)中,FRP抗剪加固混凝土梁构件的设计方法进行了可靠度分析。研究表明,当采用粘贴FRP片材对混凝土梁进行U型、侧面粘贴或封闭粘贴等方式抗剪加固后,构件的可靠度水平与加固前相比均有不同程度地降低,三种加固方式可靠指标的降低幅度分别为19.2%-28.5%、7.4%-19.9%和17.1%-31.9%；荷载效应比、混凝土强度等级、钢筋的配箍率以及FRP加固量是影响可靠度指标的主要因素。
为了对受剪加固系数进行深入的可靠度研究,本文引入了“可靠度加固率”的概念,即构件加固后与加固前可靠度指标的比值。经过对加固前后构件可靠度水平的分析计算,将U型加固、侧面粘贴加固和封闭粘贴加固三种加固模式下,用于确定FRP抗剪贡献的受剪加固系数与从概率的角度表征构件性能的可靠指标联系起来,建立了受剪加固系数与可靠度加固率之间的关系式。这样,可以根据不同的可靠度水平采用不同的受剪加固系数用于工程设计,做了以可靠度理论为基础的基于性能设计的探索性研究。
建立了氯离子侵蚀环境下构件抗剪承载力随时间变化的计算模型,在此基础上进行了时变剪力分析。采用Monte Carlo-JC法计算了氯离子环境下梁的时变可靠度,并进行参数分析。结果表明,箍筋的保护层较小,与纵筋相比更容易发生锈蚀;氯离子环境下,当考虑箍筋与纵筋同时发生锈蚀对构件受剪性能的影响时,构件达到50年服役期后,其受剪承载力仅为初始时刻的40.6%,可靠指标仅为初始时刻的15.6%-32.2%；采用CFRP对构件进行加固可以有效提高构件的受剪承载力,并且减小可靠指标的衰减速率,延长构件的使用寿命；保护层厚度和锈蚀电流对构件受剪承载力时变可靠度影响较大
Strengthening and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete structures can fully tap the potential of the structure, meet the different requirements of using function of structure, and bring enormous economic and social benefits as well. Due to their advantages of high tensile strength, low mass density, corrosion resistance, fatigue endurance, nonmagnetic, easy treatment during construction, etc, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates have been widely applied to strengthening reinforced concrete components. Their shear capacities would be therefore improved and the brittle failure model could also be avoided, effectively. So far, the computational models of the shear capacity of concrete beams strengthened with FRP are experienmentally based on those for conventional unstrengthened reinforced concrete beams. The draft of design guideline'Technical Specification for Engineering Application of Fiber Reinforced Polymers'is coming soon. Some design parameters of relevant provisions in this guideline are short of theorectial basis and empirical to some extent. To make a comprehensive and reasonable understanding of those design parameters, those design provisions were assessed from a probabilistic point of view. After this, the effect of environmental factor on the performance of components was also taken into account, which is meaninigful for developing a durability-based reliability design method for FRP strengthened reinforced concrete structures.
The Rackwitz-Fiessler method was used to study the reliability of the shear design method of FRP reinforced concrete beams in the'Technical Specification for Engineering Application with Fiber Reinforced Polymer'(Draft). The research results showed that the application of FRP laminates to the beams might lead to a decrease in reliability level compared with the unstrengthened ones, no matter which mode was adopted. The depressed scopes of reliability index of the three modes were 19.2%～28.5%,7.4%～19.9% and 17.1%-31.9%, respectively. The effects of the load effect factor, concrete strength grade, stirrup reinforcement ratio and FRP reinforcement ratio on reliability were great.
In order to make a further investigation on the resistance factor from the probabilistic point of view, a so-called reliability strengthening ratio was introduced, which was defined as the ratio of average reliability indexes of beams after and before strengthening. By calculating the reliability indexes of unstrenghted beams and strenghted ones using U jacketing, side bonding and complete wrapping strengthening modes, the relationships between resistance factor and reliability strengthening ratio of three strengthening modes, which characterized the structural performance applying probabilistic approach, were drawn. So different resistance factor could be used according to different reliability strengthening ratio. The performance-based research work, which was based on probability theory, was explored.
The time-dependent ultimate state functions of beams before and after FRP shear strengthening were established on the basis of the time-dependent resistances and time variant load effects, under the chlorine-circumstance. The time-dependent shear capacity analysis of pre-and post-strengthened reinforced concrete beams was carried out. The Monte Carlo-Rackwitz-Fiessler method was used to study the time-dependent reliability with an emphasis on chloride-ingress corrosion in reinforcement. The research results showed that the stirrups, with smaller concrete covers, were prone to be corroded. Significant degradation of shear capacity and reliability of the beams exposed to chloride environmental conditions were observed. When it is approaching the end of 50-year service life and the effect of corrosion of both stirrups and longitudinal bars to shear capacity was considered, the shear capacity dropped to 40.6%, and the scope of reduced reliability indexes was 15.6%-32.2%, compared with the initial moment. CFRP laminates were effective to enhance shear capacity, decrease the decay rate of reliability index, and prolong the service life of components. The effects of concrete cover and corrosion current on time-dependent reliability were notable.
引文
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