盾构装备掘进中的力学特征分析与载荷建模
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摘要
盾构是地下工程中的典型掘进装备，具有结构复杂、体积庞大、重型巨载等特点。掘进载荷是装备核心力学参量，实现装备掘进载荷的力学建模与合理计算，是装备正向设计的理论基础，也是不同地质隧道施工中载荷控制的重要科学依据。
本文分析了刀盘系统载荷的力学特征，抓住刀盘与土体相互作用耦合系统的本质，首次提出一种刀盘载荷解耦模型。将刀盘与界面土体耦合系统分解为两个相互关联的子系统，建立平衡微分方程并由原系统耦合特征确定其定解条件，对刀盘与土体间相互耦合作用解耦求解，提出了一种在考虑整体平衡条件下，利用弹性－塑性屈服损伤理论的更接近土体实际状态的本构模型，给出了盾构刀盘在掘进状态下，沿刀盘半径方向非线性的载荷分布，并引入刀盘拓扑结构、地下埋深等因素的影响，建立了刀盘载荷解耦模型，给出了有实用意义的刀盘系统载荷分布的解析表达式。
在刀盘载荷解耦模型基础上，本文系统地研究了装备总载荷的特点，考虑盾壳、后续设备等装备部件所受载荷分量，建立了装备总载荷正向计算模型，实现了施工地质条件、装备操作状态、装备结构特征三类关键要素与掘进载荷间相互影响规律的力学描述。进一步将上述总载荷计算模型应用于我国天津、北京、深圳三类典型地质条件下地铁工程案例的载荷计算与分析，验证了本文总载荷计算模型的合理性与有效性。并基于该模型，对Krause经验公式进行了理性分析，分类归纳各类载荷影响参数，给出便于工程应用的改进形式的载荷设计公式。
本文还开展了盾构工程实测数据的反演识别研究，提出一种新型的量纲分析和数据挖掘技术结合的力学建模方法。将基于内在力学机理研究的量纲分析和数据挖掘技术有机融合，形成一种新的基于实测数据的缺乏正问题模型表述的反演识别建模方法。利用该方法建立了基于工程实测数据的掘进载荷与效能的反演识别模型，讨论了载荷变化特征与进尺优化范围。这种建模方法为非线性、多参数、多场耦合的实测(实验)数据的力学分析提供了一种新思路。
Shield machine is a kind of typical equipment for tunneling, which hascharacteristics of heavy body, complex structure and high load. The load duringtunneling is a core mechanics parameter for the equipment. Mechanical modeling forthe reasonable calculation of the load is important in terms of positive equipmentdesign and load control of tunnel constructions with different geological conditions.
A decoupled model of the cutterhead load is established, in which the interactionbetween the cutterhead and the soil on the excavation interface is considered. Thecoupled system between the cutterhead and the soil is considered as two correlativesubsystems. Equilibrium differential equations and boundary conditions areestablished for decoupled analysis. A constitutive model closer to the actual state ofthe soil based on the elastic-plastic yield damage theory is used. In addition, acomprehensive consideration of the contributions of the depth burial and thecutterhead topological structure to the interface load is made. Then nonlineardistributions of the normal and tangential loads on the cutterhead are presented. Thenormal and tangential stress expressions acting on the soil interface by the cutterheadare presented.
Based on the decoupled model of the cutterhead load, the characteristic of totalloads is systematically analyzed. Load components on shield skin and follow-upequipment are taken into account. Then the dissertation establishes a predicting modelof total loads acting on the equipment interface. The model fully reflects theinfluences of geological parameters, operating parameters, and structural parameters.The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by applying it to several metroengineering projects with three typical geological conditions in Tianjin, Beijing andShenzhen. According to the predicting model above, the rational analysis for theKrause empirical formulae is presented to classify various types of load impactparameters. Then the improved load formulae are provided for engineeringapplications.
The inverse identification for on-site data during tunneling construction is carriedout. A new mechanical modeling method based on the combination of dimensional analysis and data mining techniques is proposed. The dimensional analysis based onthe intrinsic mechanical mechanism and data mining techniques are effectivelycombined for the identification and modeling of on-site data without a direct model.An identification and optimization model for the load and energy consumption ofshield machines can be worked out. Load variation characteristics and efficiencyoptimal ranges are discussed. The modeling method provides a new way for themechanical analysis of on-site data (experimental data) in the nonlinear,multi-parameter, multi-field coupling problems.
本文分析了刀盘系统载荷的力学特征，抓住刀盘与土体相互作用耦合系统的本质，首次提出一种刀盘载荷解耦模型。将刀盘与界面土体耦合系统分解为两个相互关联的子系统，建立平衡微分方程并由原系统耦合特征确定其定解条件，对刀盘与土体间相互耦合作用解耦求解，提出了一种在考虑整体平衡条件下，利用弹性－塑性屈服损伤理论的更接近土体实际状态的本构模型，给出了盾构刀盘在掘进状态下，沿刀盘半径方向非线性的载荷分布，并引入刀盘拓扑结构、地下埋深等因素的影响，建立了刀盘载荷解耦模型，给出了有实用意义的刀盘系统载荷分布的解析表达式。
在刀盘载荷解耦模型基础上，本文系统地研究了装备总载荷的特点，考虑盾壳、后续设备等装备部件所受载荷分量，建立了装备总载荷正向计算模型，实现了施工地质条件、装备操作状态、装备结构特征三类关键要素与掘进载荷间相互影响规律的力学描述。进一步将上述总载荷计算模型应用于我国天津、北京、深圳三类典型地质条件下地铁工程案例的载荷计算与分析，验证了本文总载荷计算模型的合理性与有效性。并基于该模型，对Krause经验公式进行了理性分析，分类归纳各类载荷影响参数，给出便于工程应用的改进形式的载荷设计公式。
本文还开展了盾构工程实测数据的反演识别研究，提出一种新型的量纲分析和数据挖掘技术结合的力学建模方法。将基于内在力学机理研究的量纲分析和数据挖掘技术有机融合，形成一种新的基于实测数据的缺乏正问题模型表述的反演识别建模方法。利用该方法建立了基于工程实测数据的掘进载荷与效能的反演识别模型，讨论了载荷变化特征与进尺优化范围。这种建模方法为非线性、多参数、多场耦合的实测(实验)数据的力学分析提供了一种新思路。
Shield machine is a kind of typical equipment for tunneling, which hascharacteristics of heavy body, complex structure and high load. The load duringtunneling is a core mechanics parameter for the equipment. Mechanical modeling forthe reasonable calculation of the load is important in terms of positive equipmentdesign and load control of tunnel constructions with different geological conditions.
A decoupled model of the cutterhead load is established, in which the interactionbetween the cutterhead and the soil on the excavation interface is considered. Thecoupled system between the cutterhead and the soil is considered as two correlativesubsystems. Equilibrium differential equations and boundary conditions areestablished for decoupled analysis. A constitutive model closer to the actual state ofthe soil based on the elastic-plastic yield damage theory is used. In addition, acomprehensive consideration of the contributions of the depth burial and thecutterhead topological structure to the interface load is made. Then nonlineardistributions of the normal and tangential loads on the cutterhead are presented. Thenormal and tangential stress expressions acting on the soil interface by the cutterheadare presented.
Based on the decoupled model of the cutterhead load, the characteristic of totalloads is systematically analyzed. Load components on shield skin and follow-upequipment are taken into account. Then the dissertation establishes a predicting modelof total loads acting on the equipment interface. The model fully reflects theinfluences of geological parameters, operating parameters, and structural parameters.The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by applying it to several metroengineering projects with three typical geological conditions in Tianjin, Beijing andShenzhen. According to the predicting model above, the rational analysis for theKrause empirical formulae is presented to classify various types of load impactparameters. Then the improved load formulae are provided for engineeringapplications.
The inverse identification for on-site data during tunneling construction is carriedout. A new mechanical modeling method based on the combination of dimensional analysis and data mining techniques is proposed. The dimensional analysis based onthe intrinsic mechanical mechanism and data mining techniques are effectivelycombined for the identification and modeling of on-site data without a direct model.An identification and optimization model for the load and energy consumption ofshield machines can be worked out. Load variation characteristics and efficiencyoptimal ranges are discussed. The modeling method provides a new way for themechanical analysis of on-site data (experimental data) in the nonlinear,multi-parameter, multi-field coupling problems.
引文
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