露天矿开采境界动态优化研究及应用
|
摘要
采矿工业为社会经济发展提供了重要的物质基础。在固体矿床开采中露天开采所占比重最大,开采境界的圈定是露天矿山开采设计的基础,也是矿床经济、安全、高效开发的前提。长期以来,各国矿业领域专家学者对开采境界优化问题做了持续的研究和探索,获得了众多研究成果。然而,由于露采矿山面对的是复杂多变的地质岩体、无序的品位分布以及多变的经济参数等一系列非线性动态问题,最优境界的确定显得尤其困难。本文针对露天矿山境界优化所面对的关键问题,提出了境界动态综合优化的课题。在分析大量调查数据及工程实例的基础上,综合运用数理统计、人工智能、数值模拟、图论学、三维仿真及经济效益动态评价等方法和手段,开展露天矿山经济、安全开采境界的动态优化方法研究。
主要研究内容有：在总结前人所做工作的基础上,分析研究露天矿山开采境界的动态特征；以产品历史售价数据为基础,运用统计学原理探索经济参数的有效预测方法；在分析影响矿山稳定最终边坡角的主要指标基础上,运用人工智能方法实现对矿山最终合理边坡角的预测；研究矿山系列境界的快速形成方法,并借助计算机三维仿真技术进行矿山排产方案的可视化快速制定；运用经济效果的动态评估理论,研究形成矿山最终开采境界的动态确定方法。
研究取得的主要成果如下：
(1)揭示了资金的时间价值因素对露天矿山最终境界的影响,形成了露天矿山最终境界动态评价的指标体系及矿山最终净现值的计算方法,丰富了最终境界动态优化分析方法的基本理论体系,为该方法的进一步研究和应用奠定了坚实的理论基础。
(2)运用时间序列预测理论,在分析整理了LME历年铜售价的基础上,创建了铜金属售价预测的求和自回归移动平均模型,实现了铜售价的动态预测,首次将时间序列动态预测方法运用到矿山境界优化中的金属售价参数获取过程。
(3)运用改进的BP神经网络算法,构建了露天矿山稳定边坡角的预测模型,实现了矿山稳定最终边坡角的预测。在此基础上,采用Surpac、Madis与Flac3D多工具组合的方法创建了矿山边坡稳定数值计算模型,验证了BP网络模型对露天矿山稳定最终边坡角预测结果的可靠性。
(4)分析总结了系列境界形成所需矿床模型的创建技术,提出了系列境界生成所需基本经济参数的初选方法,分析了系列境界对各参数的误差要求,形成了解决境界缺口问题的具体技术方案和基于权值参数分析的系列境界生成方法,实现了露天矿山的系列境界快速生成。
(5)运用计算机三维仿真模拟技术,实现了露天矿山生产进度计划的高效可视化编制。
(6)针对某大型铜矿山工程实际,分别采用多手段组合的方法和集成优化方法对矿山采剥顺序和最终境界进行了动态优化,并对两种优化方法和优化结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,多手段组合法具有优化精度高、可操作性强等优点,较适于详细的设计方案优化及矿山生产规划阶段；集成优化方法具有高效、快捷的优点,但优化结果略显粗糙,故较适于矿山前期方案规划阶段。
本文针对工程实际,立足于发展前沿,运用多学科的理论和方法,对露天矿最终境界动态优化方法进行了系统和深入的研究,研究成果具有较高的理论和工程应用价值,为系统开展露采矿山的整体优化研究奠定了重要的理论和技术基础。
The mining industry provides an important material base for social and economic development. Open pit mine has the biggest share in the solid ore deposits. The final limit delineation of the open pit mine is the basis of mining design and the premise of mine development in economy, safty and efficiency. The mining experts from different countries have done lots of research and study on the open pit mine limit optimization for a long time, and obtained many achievements. However, due to the changing nonlinear dynamic factors in open pit mining, e.g. complex geological rock, the disorder grade distribution and fickle economic parameters, it's particularly difficult to obtain the optimal limit. Aiming at the problems in limit optimization, the treatise proposes the topic of dynamic optimization of mine limit, and study the definition method of economy and safety final limit of open pit, on the basis of large survey data and actual cases, and also using mathematical statistics, artificial intelligence, numerical simulation, graph theory, three-dimensional simulation and dynamic assessment of economic benefit.
The main contents are:on the basis of previous work, the dynamic characteristics of limit is studied; by taking the historical data of metal prices as a platform, the prediction method of the economic parameters by statistical theory is studied; pit slope angle is forecasted by artificial intelligence method; the creation method of series pit limits are researched; by means of3D simulation, dynamic excavation of complex open mine under multi-level constraints is realized, excavation quantity and grade of ore are obtained as well. Using the economic effect dynamic evaluation theory, the method of mining limit dynamic optimization is obtained.
Main achievements are as following:
(1) The time impact on open pit mine limit is revealed. The dynamic evaluation index system of open pit limit dynamic optimization and the calculation method of mine net present value is formed. The research enriches and perfects the basic theory system of last limit dynamic optimization, and establishes the solid theoretical basis for further study and application.
(2) With the copper price over years collected, the forecast model of copper price in time series is created, which is used to predict metal prices. It's the first time to apply the time series theory to gain the metal price parameter in the process of mine limit optimization.
(3) Prediction model of open pit mine slope angle is built, with the BP network model improved. Numerical model of slope angle is created by the method of data coupling (Surpac, Madis and Flac3D), to verify the predicted results from BP network model.
(4) The deposit model creation practical technology which is required to form series limits is analyzed and summarized. Primary election method of basic economic parameters which is required to generate series limits is proposed. The requirements on the error of each parameter of series limits are analyzed, a specific solution on the state gap and a series states generating method based on analysis of weighted parameter is formed, and series limits are achieved.
(5) Using computer three-dimensional simulation technology and three-dimensional simulation scheduling software Minesched, the efficient visualization preparation of open pit production schedule is achieved.
(6) For the engineering practice of a large copper mine, using multiple means combination method and integration optimization method, the stripping order and the final limit of the copper mine are dynamically optimized. The results show that, multiple means combination method holds the advantages of high accuracy, operability, etc. and is more suitable in detailed design optimization and production planning stages of mine; integration optimization method is efficient, fast, but the optimization results are slightly rough, so it is more suitable in mining pre-program planning stage.
The research systematically and deeply studies the open pit mine limit dynamic optimization method, using multi-disciplinary theories and methods, and is of high value in theory and application. It can be the theoretical and technical basis for overall optimization of open mining.
主要研究内容有：在总结前人所做工作的基础上,分析研究露天矿山开采境界的动态特征；以产品历史售价数据为基础,运用统计学原理探索经济参数的有效预测方法；在分析影响矿山稳定最终边坡角的主要指标基础上,运用人工智能方法实现对矿山最终合理边坡角的预测；研究矿山系列境界的快速形成方法,并借助计算机三维仿真技术进行矿山排产方案的可视化快速制定；运用经济效果的动态评估理论,研究形成矿山最终开采境界的动态确定方法。
研究取得的主要成果如下：
(1)揭示了资金的时间价值因素对露天矿山最终境界的影响,形成了露天矿山最终境界动态评价的指标体系及矿山最终净现值的计算方法,丰富了最终境界动态优化分析方法的基本理论体系,为该方法的进一步研究和应用奠定了坚实的理论基础。
(2)运用时间序列预测理论,在分析整理了LME历年铜售价的基础上,创建了铜金属售价预测的求和自回归移动平均模型,实现了铜售价的动态预测,首次将时间序列动态预测方法运用到矿山境界优化中的金属售价参数获取过程。
(3)运用改进的BP神经网络算法,构建了露天矿山稳定边坡角的预测模型,实现了矿山稳定最终边坡角的预测。在此基础上,采用Surpac、Madis与Flac3D多工具组合的方法创建了矿山边坡稳定数值计算模型,验证了BP网络模型对露天矿山稳定最终边坡角预测结果的可靠性。
(4)分析总结了系列境界形成所需矿床模型的创建技术,提出了系列境界生成所需基本经济参数的初选方法,分析了系列境界对各参数的误差要求,形成了解决境界缺口问题的具体技术方案和基于权值参数分析的系列境界生成方法,实现了露天矿山的系列境界快速生成。
(5)运用计算机三维仿真模拟技术,实现了露天矿山生产进度计划的高效可视化编制。
(6)针对某大型铜矿山工程实际,分别采用多手段组合的方法和集成优化方法对矿山采剥顺序和最终境界进行了动态优化,并对两种优化方法和优化结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,多手段组合法具有优化精度高、可操作性强等优点,较适于详细的设计方案优化及矿山生产规划阶段；集成优化方法具有高效、快捷的优点,但优化结果略显粗糙,故较适于矿山前期方案规划阶段。
本文针对工程实际,立足于发展前沿,运用多学科的理论和方法,对露天矿最终境界动态优化方法进行了系统和深入的研究,研究成果具有较高的理论和工程应用价值,为系统开展露采矿山的整体优化研究奠定了重要的理论和技术基础。
The mining industry provides an important material base for social and economic development. Open pit mine has the biggest share in the solid ore deposits. The final limit delineation of the open pit mine is the basis of mining design and the premise of mine development in economy, safty and efficiency. The mining experts from different countries have done lots of research and study on the open pit mine limit optimization for a long time, and obtained many achievements. However, due to the changing nonlinear dynamic factors in open pit mining, e.g. complex geological rock, the disorder grade distribution and fickle economic parameters, it's particularly difficult to obtain the optimal limit. Aiming at the problems in limit optimization, the treatise proposes the topic of dynamic optimization of mine limit, and study the definition method of economy and safety final limit of open pit, on the basis of large survey data and actual cases, and also using mathematical statistics, artificial intelligence, numerical simulation, graph theory, three-dimensional simulation and dynamic assessment of economic benefit.
The main contents are:on the basis of previous work, the dynamic characteristics of limit is studied; by taking the historical data of metal prices as a platform, the prediction method of the economic parameters by statistical theory is studied; pit slope angle is forecasted by artificial intelligence method; the creation method of series pit limits are researched; by means of3D simulation, dynamic excavation of complex open mine under multi-level constraints is realized, excavation quantity and grade of ore are obtained as well. Using the economic effect dynamic evaluation theory, the method of mining limit dynamic optimization is obtained.
Main achievements are as following:
(1) The time impact on open pit mine limit is revealed. The dynamic evaluation index system of open pit limit dynamic optimization and the calculation method of mine net present value is formed. The research enriches and perfects the basic theory system of last limit dynamic optimization, and establishes the solid theoretical basis for further study and application.
(2) With the copper price over years collected, the forecast model of copper price in time series is created, which is used to predict metal prices. It's the first time to apply the time series theory to gain the metal price parameter in the process of mine limit optimization.
(3) Prediction model of open pit mine slope angle is built, with the BP network model improved. Numerical model of slope angle is created by the method of data coupling (Surpac, Madis and Flac3D), to verify the predicted results from BP network model.
(4) The deposit model creation practical technology which is required to form series limits is analyzed and summarized. Primary election method of basic economic parameters which is required to generate series limits is proposed. The requirements on the error of each parameter of series limits are analyzed, a specific solution on the state gap and a series states generating method based on analysis of weighted parameter is formed, and series limits are achieved.
(5) Using computer three-dimensional simulation technology and three-dimensional simulation scheduling software Minesched, the efficient visualization preparation of open pit production schedule is achieved.
(6) For the engineering practice of a large copper mine, using multiple means combination method and integration optimization method, the stripping order and the final limit of the copper mine are dynamically optimized. The results show that, multiple means combination method holds the advantages of high accuracy, operability, etc. and is more suitable in detailed design optimization and production planning stages of mine; integration optimization method is efficient, fast, but the optimization results are slightly rough, so it is more suitable in mining pre-program planning stage.
The research systematically and deeply studies the open pit mine limit dynamic optimization method, using multi-disciplinary theories and methods, and is of high value in theory and application. It can be the theoretical and technical basis for overall optimization of open mining.
引文
[1]李宝祥.金属矿床露天开采[M].冶金工业出版社.1985.
[2]张洪国.有色金属进展(1996—2005)》第一卷[M].湖南,中南大学出版社,2007,163-184
[3]谢英亮.露天矿边际品位最优化的经济分析[D]：[博士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2004
[4]www. chinamining.corn.Cn,2005,2
[5]牛成俊.现代露天开采理论与实践[M].北京,科学出版社,1990,6-8
[6]于汝绶.露天矿设计理论分析[M].徐州,中国矿业大学出版社,1987,33-34
[7]G.S.托马斯,李钟学,李显靖.露天矿优化设计及生产计划的现状与发展趋势[J].国外金属矿山,1998一03
[8]徐开梁.国内矿山开采技术的进步及成就[J].湖南冶金,1995-04,17-22
[9]刘双伟,刘克铜.我国露天矿开采的薄弱环节及对策分析[J].矿业工程,2003-03,6-9
[10]冶金部情报总所.国内外深凹露天开采技术研究[M].北京,冶金工业出版社,1998,59—68
[11]采矿手册编辑委员会.采矿手册(3)[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1991
[12]张瑞新,张幼蒂.露天采矿优化决策的新途径[J].中国矿业大学学报,1994(1),34-37
[13]尤官林.露天开采最优境界深度的敏感性分析[J].世界采矿快报,1998(10),9-13
[14]张彤炜.基于图论学的露天开采境界优化算法研究及程序设计[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2008
[15]Whittle J. Beyond optimization in open pit design.1st CAMI, Laval University, Quebec City,1988.7-9
[16]Lerchs, H. and I. F. Grossman,1965, "Optimum Design of Open Pit Mines," Canadian Institute of Mining Bulletin, Jan., pp.40-55
[17]杨彪,罗周全,廖江南,等.露天矿山开采境界动态优化圈定[J].煤炭学报,2010,Vol.35(3)：368-372
[18]黄光球,云庆夏,桂中岳.露天矿分期开采采剥关系多目标动态优化方法[J].中国矿业,1996(2),37-39
[19]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.复杂多金属露天矿山最终境界动态综合优化[J].矿 冶工程,2011,31(1),1-4
[20]张幼蒂,杨荣新.露天开采境界动态优化的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,20(1)：10-16
[21]王青,王智静.露天开采整体优化-理论、模型与算法[M].北京.冶金工业出版社,2000
[22]陈宪龙.合理确定剥采比优化露天矿开采境界[J].矿业快报,2001(2),10-11
[23]郭振春.经济合理剥采比的计算方法和分析[J],《现代矿业》,2010,498(10)：116-118
[24]李涛,管辉,缪拥正.露天矿经济合理剥采比的确定[J],《山东煤炭科技》,2010(1)：94-96
[25]张宁珍.露天开采境界确定方法原则和经济剥采比计算[J],《矿山技术》,1987(2),49-50
[26]Pana, M.I., "The Simulation Approach to Open Pit Desing", Proc,5th APCOM, 1965,23-25
[27]Marino, J. M. and J. P. Slama. "Ore Reserve Evaluation And Open Pit Planaing", Proceedings,10th, APCOM,1972,139-144
[28]Phillips, D. A., "Optimum Design Of An Open Pit", Proceedings,10th APCOM,1972,145-147
[29]Lemieux, M. J., "A Computerized Three Dimensional Optimum Open Pit Design System", Canadian Institute Of Mining Annual Meeting, Montreal, 1979
[30]龚元祥.铜厂铜矿三维可视化建模及露天境界优化技术研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2008
[31]Anderson, C., "Pseudoflow solvers for the maximum flow problems", UC Berkeley manuscript,2001
[32]Johnson, T.B.and W.R.Sharp, "A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Programming Method For Optimal Ultimate Open Pit Design", RI7553, US.Bureau of Mines. 1971,25
[33]Koenigsberg, E., "The Optimum Contours Of An Open Pit Mine:An Application Of Dynamic Programming",Proceedings,17th APCOM,1982, 274-278
[34]Wright, E.A., "The Use Of Dynamic Programming For Open Pit Mine Design: Some Practical Implications", Mining Science And Technology,1987 (4), 97-104
[35]殷剑宏,吴开亚,等.图论及其算法(M).北京,中国科学技术大学出版社,2000
[36]F.哈拉里.图论(M).李慰莹译.上海,上海科学技术出版社,1980
[37]屈婉玲,耿素云,张立昂.离散数学(M).北京,清华人学出版社,2005
[38]任万古.露天矿坑优化设计L-G方法概述[J],金属矿山,2002(8),19-21
[39]Alford, C.G, Whittle,J., Application of Lerchs-Grossman Pit Optimization to the Design of Open Pit Mines[J].Symposia Series-Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.1986,201-207
[40]张彤炜,王李管、龚元祥.露天开采的境界优化算法研究及应用[J],金属矿山,2008(2),30-33
[41]Robinson, R. H. and N.B.Prenn, "An Open Pit Design Model", Proc,10th APCOM,1972,155-163
[42]Lipkewich, M. P. and L. Borgman, "Two And Three Dimensional Pit Design Optimization Techniques", A Decade Of Digital Computing In The Mining Industry, SME-AIME,1969,505-523
[43]Chen, T., "3-D Pit Design With Variable Wall Slope Capabilities", Proceedings,14th APCOM,1976,615-625
[44]Zhao, Y. and Y. C. Kim, "A New Graph Theory Algorithm For Optimal Ultimate Pit Design", Paper Presented at the SME-AIME Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah,1990
[45]Meyer, m., "Applying Linear Programmings to the Design of Ultimate Pit Limits", management science,1969-16-2,121-135
[46]Johnson, T. B., "Optimum Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling", Ph. D. Thesis, University Of California,Berkeley, Operations Research Department, 1968,115-120
[47]Yegulalp, T. M., et. al., "New Development In Ultimate Pit Limit Problem Solution Methods", Transaction Of The Society For Mining, Metallurgy And Exploration, Inc.,1993(294),1853-1857
[48]焦玉书.用凸形分析-资源技术参数化方法确定露大开采境界[J].露大采矿技术.2003(3),1-5
[49]Francois-Bongarcon, D. And D. Guibal, "Algorithm For Parameterizing Reserves Under Different Geometrical Constraints", Proceedings,17th APCOM,1982,297-309
[50]Francois-Bongarcon, D. and A. Marechal, "A New Method For Open Pit Design:Parameterizaing Of The Final Pit Contour", Proceedings,14th APCOM,1976,573-585
[51]Dagdelen, K. and D. Francois-Bongarcon, "Towards The Complete Double Parameterization Of Recovered Reserves In Open Pit Mining", Proceedings, 17th APCOM,1982,288-295
[52]Coleou, T., "Technical Parameterization Of Reserves For Open Pit Mine Design And Mine Planning", Proceedings,21th APCOM,1989,485-494
[53]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.基于经济时间序列预测的露天矿开采境界动态优化[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1),29-33
[54]游安弼,蔡嗣经.基于几何模型技术的矿山三维建模研究[J].中国矿业,2006,15(8),51-53
[55]李培军.层状地质体的三维模拟与可视化[J].地学前缘.2000(7),271-277
[56]侯景儒,黄竞先编译.地质统计学的理论与方法[M].地质出版社.1990,3-7
[57]孙洪泉编,地质统计学及其应用[M].中国矿业大学出版社.1990,10-19
[58]侯景儒,尹镇南等.实用地质统计学(空间信息统计学)[M].地质出版社,1998,7-11
[59]张四维.我国露天矿边坡工程研究成果与进展[J].地质灾害与环境保护2000,11(2),98-101
[60]姜立春.深凹露天矿高陡边坡失稳安全环境分析及工程控制研究[D].[博士学位论文],长沙,中南大学,2005,4-9
[61]杨学堂,王飞.边坡稳定性评价方法及发展趋势[J].岩土工程技术,2004,18(2),103-106
[62]张四维.我国露天矿边坡工程研究成果与进展[J].地质灾害与环境保护2000,11(2),98-101
[63]石忠民,张幼蒂.露天矿优化设计的数值方法和基本原理[J].露天开采,1999(2),10-14
[64]刘金冷.预测与决策技术-原理及应用软件设计[M].天津,天津科学技术出版社,1996,8-28
[65]王沁.时间序列分析及其应用[M].成都,西南交通大学出版社,2008,54-81,137-141
[66]廖旺才,杨福生,胡广书.自回归模型和基于数据处理分组法的非线性模型的比较研究[J].北京生物医学工程,1994,13(3),129-139
[67]A. D. Akbari, M. Osanloo, M. A. Shirazi, "Ultimate Pit Limit Determination Through Minimizing Risk Costs Associated With Price Uncertainty" [J], Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi.2008(24),157-159
[68]胡茂生,丰艳萍,谢英亮等.技术经济分析理论与方法[M].北京,冶金工业出 版社,2009,8-20,26-31
[69]张静.投资评价动态决策的NPV法与IRR法比较分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(5),492-495
[70]孙薇,李金颖.技术经济学[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2009,26-32
[71]王维军,刘庆超,等.基于NPV理论的工程成本控制及实证研究[J].中国管理信息化,2008,11(8),67-69
[72]刘朝马.矿业权估价理论与方法[M].北京.冶金工业出版社,2003,136-147
[73]刘春学,林幼斌.时间序列分析在金属价格预测中的应用[J].云南财贸学院学报,2001,16(6),62-63
[74]A. D. Akbari, M. Osanloo, M. A. Shirazi, Reserve Estimation Of An Open Pit Mine Under Price Uncertainty By Real Option Approach[J], Mining Science and Technology.2009, Vol.19(6),709-711
[75]S.Zhongmin, F. Zhongren, X. Changyou, et al., Principles for Optimum Design of Open Pit Mines[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2000(10),119-122
[76]林启太,刘有志.基于多目标模糊决策的露天矿采剥进度计划优选[J].矿业研究与开发,2002,22(1),1-3
[77]王青,史维祥.采矿学[M],北京：冶金工业出版社.2001.1
[78]杨彪,罗周全,陆广等.基于三维仿真及动态评估的露天矿采剥顺序优化[J].科技导报,2011,29(08),54-57
[79]赵德孝,柳小波,姜谙男,孙豁然.金山店铁矿入选品位动态优化数学模型建立[J].金属矿山,2004,334(4),8-11
[80]谢英亮,肖平.露天矿边界品位优化及其动态调整[J].金属矿山,1996(7),12-17
[81]Osanloo, M. and Ataei, M.,Using Equivalent Grade Factors To Find The Optimum Cut-Off Grades Of Multiple Metal Deposits[J].Minerals Engineering. 2003,16(8),771-776
[82]William w. s. wei and魏武雄著,易丹辉,刘超,等译.时间序列分析—单变量和多变量方法[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社.2005,1-7
[83]王燕.应用时间序列分析[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008,42-53
[84]M. P. Clements, D. F. Hendry,陆懋祖.预测经济时间序列[M],北京：北京大学出版社.2008,4-7
[85]Wallis, K. F., Comparing Time-Series And Nonlinear Model-Based Forecasts. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics.1984,46 (4),383-389
[86]Wallis, K.F., Macroeconomic Forecasting:A Survey[J]. Economic Journal. 1989(99),28-61
[87]高洁.基于时间序列理论方法的生物序列特征分析[D]：[博士学位论文].无锡,江南大学,2009,10-15
[88]Box, G. E. P., Jenkins, G.M., Time Series Analysis,Forecasting and Control. San Francisco:Holden-Day. Published.1976,57-61
[89]Box GEP, Jenkins GM, Reinsel GC. Time series analysis:forecasting and control[M]. San Francisco:Holden Day,1970
[90]于宁莉,易东云,涂先勤.时间序列中自相关和偏相关函数分析.数学理论与应用,2007,27(1),54-57
[91]Harvey, A. C., Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1989,17-64
[92]Hendry, D.Y., Doornik, J. A., Modeling Linear Dynamic Econometric Systems. Scottish Journal of Political Economy.1994,1-3
[93]常学将,陈敏,王明生编著.时间序列分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1993
[94]林树宽,杨玫,乔建忠.一种非线性非平稳时间序列预测建模方法[J].东北大学学报,2007,28(3),325-326
[95]Akaike, H., A new look at statistical model identification[J]. IEEE transaction on Automatics Control,1974(19),716-723
[96]Akaike, H., Posterior probabilities for choosing a regression model[J]. Ann. Inst. Math. Stat.1978(30A),9-14
[97]Schwartz, G., Estimming the dimension of a model[J]. Ann. Statistics,1978, 6(46),1-64
[98]蒋金良,林广明.基于ARIMA模型的自动站风速预测[J].控制理论与应用,2008,25(2),374-376
[99]黄春松,刘建华.经济波动与金属价格波动的相关性研究[J].漳州师范学院学报,2007,66(4),4-7
[100]曾超.影响铜价各个因素的实证分析[J].光大银行期货公司研发中心,2008
[101]http://www.lme.com/home.asp
[102]http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj
[103]刘本玉,叶燎原.人工智能技术在防震减灾工程中的应用[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[104]罗一忠.大面积采空区失稳的重大危险源辨识[D]：[博士学位论文].长沙,中南大学.2005
[105]朱大奇.人工神经网络研究现状及其展望[J].江南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,3(1)：103-110
[106]杨彪.基于CMS实测的采空区危险度分析及其处理[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学.2008
[107]Carpenter G. A., Grossberg S. The ART of adaptive pattern recognition by self-organizing neural network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Computer 1988,15 (1),77-88
[108]Hopfield, J., Computing with neural circuits:A Model [J]. Science,1986(233), 625-633
[109]Kosko, B., Bidirectional associative memories[J]. IEEE Transactions on Man, System and Cybernitics,1988,26(18),49-59
[110]Narendra, K., Parthasarathy K. Identification and control of dynamical systems using neural networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 1990,1(1),4-27
[111]Miller, W. T., Real-time Application Of Neural Networks For Sensor-Based Control Robbts,With Vision[J]. IEEE Transactions on Man, System and Cybernitics,1989,27(19),825-831
[112]廖晓听.细胞神经网络的数学理论(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)[J].中国科学(A辑),1994,24(9),902-910
[113]袁曾任.人工神经元网络及其应用[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1999
[114]闻新MATLAB(?)神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京,科学出版社,2003
[115]施式亮,王海桥.矿井安全非线性动力学评价[M].北京,煤炭工业出版社,2001
[116]高隽.人工神经网络原理及仿真实例[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2003
[117]闫志忠.BP神经网络模型的改进及其应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].吉林,吉林大学,2003
[118]李红霞,赵新华,迟海燕,等.基于改进BP神经网络模型的地面沉降预测及分析[J].天津大学学报,2009,42(1),60-65
[119]刘钦龙,焦斌亮,刘立.基于改进的BP神经网络模型的遥感图像分类方法研究[J].电光与控制,2009,16(8),65-67
[120]陈昌彦,王思敬,沈小克.边坡岩体稳定性的人工神经网络预测模型[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(2),157-160
[121]余伟健,高谦,张延凯.高陡边坡滑坡的潜在影响因素分析及安全评价[J].北京科技大学学报,2008,30(3),228-231
[122]舒继森,王文忠,张镭.浅谈生产露天矿的边坡稳定性研究[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5),40-43
[123]张志军,丁德馨,饶龙,等.基于人工神经网络的岩土工程反演设计方法研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006(7),393-397
[124]Bieniawski, Z. T., The Geomechanics Classification In Rock Engineering Application[J]. proceedings of the 4th international congress in rock mechanics, ISRM,1979,41-48
[125]Romana, M., SMR Classification, proceedings of the 7th international congress in rock mechanics, ISRM,1992,78-84
[126]宋卫东、杜建华、谢正平,等.大冶铁矿深凹露天开采最终边坡稳定性分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2005,27(4),385-388
[127]白润才,张普利,刘景凡.露天矿边坡稳定性预测的人工神经网络模型[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000,19(4),337-340
[128]郑晓明,李富平.露天矿最终边坡角确定的神经网络方法[J].化工矿物与加工,2000(1),8-11
[129]肖云.大冶铁矿高陡边坡变形破坏特征与滑坡预测模型研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].武汉,武汉工程大学,2009
[130]解联库.复杂地质环境因素作用下边坡稳定性分析研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].沈阳,东北大学,2005
[131]任高峰.基于位移反分析法的深凹边坡形状力学优化研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].武汉,武汉理工大学,2005
[132]邱秀梅,姜德贵.边坡岩体稳定性的RBF人工神经网络预测模型[J].山东农业大学学报.2008,39(4),601-604
[133]张力民.黑山铁矿露天采场边坡稳定性研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].唐山,河北理工大学,2006
[134]蔡美峰,乔兰,李长洪,等.深凹露天矿高陡边坡稳定性分析与设计优化[J].北京科技大学学报.2004,26(5),466-471
[135]章建平,张正.南京某矿山边坡稳定性分析与评价[J].江苏地质.2008,32(1),34-36
[136]李磊.极限平衡法与DDA法在岩石高边坡稳定性分析中的应用研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2007
[137]孙钧.世纪之交岩石力学研究的若干进展-岩石力学数值分析与解析方法[M].广东,广东科技出版社,1998
[138]谢文兵,陈晓祥,等.采矿工程问题数值模拟研究与分析[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社.2005,27-32
[139]吴亚斌.基于CMS实测的采空区群稳定性数值模拟研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2007,26-31
[140]杨柯,张立翔,李仲奎.地下洞室群有限元分析的地应力场计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11),1639-1644
[141]王文星.岩体力学[M].长沙,中南大学出版社,2004
[142]周思孟.复杂岩体若干岩石力学问题[M].北京,中国水利水电出版社.1998,6-10
[143]李仲奎,戴荣,姜逸明.FLAC3D分析中的初始应力场生成及在大型地下洞室群计算中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2),2387-2392
[144]杨为民,陈卫忠,李术才,等.快速拉格朗日法分析巨型地下洞室群稳定性[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(2),230-234
[145]罗周全,吴亚斌,刘晓明,等.基于SURPAC的复杂地质体FLAC3D模型生成技术[J].岩土工程,2008,29(5),1334-1338
[146]侯恩科,吴立新,李建民,等.三维地学模拟与数值模拟的耦合方法研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(4),388～392
[147]罗周全,杨彪,刘晓明,等.基于CMS实测及Midas-FLAC3D耦合的复杂空区群稳定性分析[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(6),1-4
[148]Madis GTS User Manual(Version 2.6)[M]. Korea:Madis Corporation,2002.
[149]Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3D) Version 3.10, Users Manual[M].USA:Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., 2006
[150]宗全兵,徐卫亚.基于广义Hoek-Brown强度准则的岩质边坡开挖稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11),3071-3076
[151]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.露采矿山三维设计方法应用研究[J].工程设计学报,2011,18(1),48-52
[152]魏连江,方宗武,王红胜.三维可视化技术在矿山开采辅助设计中的应用研究[J].矿业工程,2006,4(3),61
[153]李光强,李姣姣,邓敏.矿山三维实体类型及建模方法[J].金属矿山,2008,12,124-125
[154]王明华.工程岩体三维地质建模与可视化研究[D]：[博士学位论文].武汉：中科院武汉岩土力学研究所,2004
[155]罗周全,刘晓明,苏家红等.基于Surpac的矿床三维模型构建[J].金属矿山,2006,(4),33～36
[156]陈爱兵,秦德先,张学书等.基于MICROMINE矿床三维立体模型的应用 [J].地质与勘探,2004,40(5),77～80
[157]Raper J. F. Key 3D modeling concepts for geoscientific analysis. In:Turner A K(ed), Three-Dimensional Modeling with Geoscientific Information Systems[M]. NATO ASI, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers,1992, 215-232
[158]Thomas R. Fisher. Use of 3D Geographic Information Systems in Hazardous WasteSite Investigations[M]. Oxford University Press. Environmental Modeling with GIS,1993
[159]Erarslan, Kaan. Practical approach for 3D modeling of ore bodies and the design of development for underground of mines [J]. Mineral Resources Engineering, Jul 2000,9(3),12-16
[160]杨晓坤,秦德先,冯美丽.基于Surpac的矿山三维地学模型及综合信息成矿预测研究[J].地质与资源,2008,17(1),61-64
[161]蒋京名,王李管DIMINE矿业软件推动我国数字化矿山发展[J].中国矿业,2009,18(10),90-94
[162]胡建明.三维矿山数字化软件的应用和发展方向[J].金属矿山,2008(1),97-99
[163]陈军,郭薇.基于剖分的三维拓扑ER模型研究[J].测绘学报,1998,27(4),308-317
[164]刘晓明.基于实测的采空区三维建模及其衍生技术的研究与应用[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2007
[165]Yang Biao, Luo Zhou-Quan, Zhang Xu-Fang. Computer-aided Four-dimensional Optimization of Open Pit Mining Limit[J].2011 3rd International Conference on Computer and Network Technology,February, 2011 Taiyuan, China,193-198
[166]程朋根,龚健雅.地勘工程三维空间数据模型及其数据结构设计[J].测绘学报,2001,30(1),74-81
[167]肖乐斌,钟耳顺,刘纪远,等.GIS概念数据模型的研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2001,26(5),387-392
[168]周胜.安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿床三维地质建模及其应用研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2009
[169]Bye, Alan. The Development And Application of A 3d Geotechnical Model For Mining Optimisation[J].2005 SME Annual Meeting:Got Mining-Preprints. 2005,651-660
[170]聂兴信.金堆城钼矿南露天开采规划研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].西安：西 安建筑科技大学,2003
[171]Dagdelen, K., "Optimum Multi Period Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling" Ph. D. Thesis, Colorado School Of Mines, Golden, Colorado,1985,325
[172]P.H.Bastid,露天矿开采设计的编制[J].国外金属采矿,1980(3),1-12
[173]露天采矿手册第五册,北京：煤炭工业出版社,1986
[174]杨树才,王喜富,杨荣新.露天开采方案的动态综合优化[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995,24(3),80-84
[175]Gershon, M. E.," An Open Pit Production Scheduler:Algorithm And Implementation" Mining Engineering.1989,793-796
[176]Fytas, K., "A Computerized Model Of Open Of Open Pit Short And Long Range Production Scheduling", Processing,19th ACOMP,1986,109-119
[177]王侠.基于Surpac露天采矿计划优化设计系统及应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[178]冯超东,曹亮.基于SURPAC的露天矿三维采掘进度计划编制系统[J].金属矿山,2008(12),139-142
[179]Albach,H., Long Range Planning In Open Pit Mining [J], Management Science.1967, 13(10),549-568
[180]Janssen, A. T., "Long Range Production Planning Of Direct-Shipping Ore Form Several Deposits", A Decade Of Digital Computing In The Mineral Industry, AME-AIME,1969,459-481
[181]Gershon, M. E., "A Blending Based Approach To Mine Planning And Production Scheduling", Processing,19th ACOMP,1986,120-126
[182]Elevli, B. et. al., "Single Time Period Production Scheduling Of Open Pit Mines", SME Preprint,1989,89-157
[183]Yun, Q. X. and T. M. Yegulalp, "Optimum Scheduling Of Overburden Removal In Open Pit Mines", Canadian Institute Of Mining Bulletin,1982,75(848),80-83
[184]Sevim, H. and Q. Wang, etal., "Economics Of Contracting Overburden Removal", Processing,22nd ACOMP,1990(1),573-584
[185]Onur, A. H. and P. A. Dowd, "Open Pit Optimization-Part 2:Production Scheduling And Inclusion Of Roadways", Transactions Of Institution Of Mining And Metallurgy, 1993(102),105-113
[186]李建祥,王青.多时段露天开采短期计划优化[J].金属矿山,2001(4),1-4
[187]张继文,王青.闭合排队网络的扩展求和算法及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(11),1309-1312
[188]李建祥,吴会江,唐立新.考虑规整性的露天矿短期生产调度模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2005(3),119-122
[189]采矿手册,采矿手册编委会,北京：冶金工业出版社,1988
[190]GEMCOM soft CO. Surpac Group. Surpac Manual. Surpac visio 6.1
[191]Russell, A. Carter, Vendors Boot Up a Mew Generation of Mining Software[J]. Engineering & Mining Journal,2009(8),11-18
[192]Torries, T. F., NPV or IRR? Why not both [J]. Mining Engineering,1998,50 (10),69-73
[193]Paul Shaman, Properties of Generalized Levinson-Durbin-Whittle sequences[J]. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference,2008,138(9)
[194]Liu, K. Indexability of Restless Bandit Problems and Optimality of Whittle Index for Dynamic Multichannel Access[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.2010,56(11)
[195]Guo, H. and Lim, C. Y. and Meerschaert, M. M., Local Whittle estimator for anisotropic random fields[J]. Journal of Multivariate Analysis,2009,100(5)
[196]GEMCOM soft CO. whittle Group. Whittle Manual. Whittle4.4
[2]张洪国.有色金属进展(1996—2005)》第一卷[M].湖南,中南大学出版社,2007,163-184
[3]谢英亮.露天矿边际品位最优化的经济分析[D]：[博士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2004
[4]www. chinamining.corn.Cn,2005,2
[5]牛成俊.现代露天开采理论与实践[M].北京,科学出版社,1990,6-8
[6]于汝绶.露天矿设计理论分析[M].徐州,中国矿业大学出版社,1987,33-34
[7]G.S.托马斯,李钟学,李显靖.露天矿优化设计及生产计划的现状与发展趋势[J].国外金属矿山,1998一03
[8]徐开梁.国内矿山开采技术的进步及成就[J].湖南冶金,1995-04,17-22
[9]刘双伟,刘克铜.我国露天矿开采的薄弱环节及对策分析[J].矿业工程,2003-03,6-9
[10]冶金部情报总所.国内外深凹露天开采技术研究[M].北京,冶金工业出版社,1998,59—68
[11]采矿手册编辑委员会.采矿手册(3)[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1991
[12]张瑞新,张幼蒂.露天采矿优化决策的新途径[J].中国矿业大学学报,1994(1),34-37
[13]尤官林.露天开采最优境界深度的敏感性分析[J].世界采矿快报,1998(10),9-13
[14]张彤炜.基于图论学的露天开采境界优化算法研究及程序设计[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2008
[15]Whittle J. Beyond optimization in open pit design.1st CAMI, Laval University, Quebec City,1988.7-9
[16]Lerchs, H. and I. F. Grossman,1965, "Optimum Design of Open Pit Mines," Canadian Institute of Mining Bulletin, Jan., pp.40-55
[17]杨彪,罗周全,廖江南,等.露天矿山开采境界动态优化圈定[J].煤炭学报,2010,Vol.35(3)：368-372
[18]黄光球,云庆夏,桂中岳.露天矿分期开采采剥关系多目标动态优化方法[J].中国矿业,1996(2),37-39
[19]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.复杂多金属露天矿山最终境界动态综合优化[J].矿 冶工程,2011,31(1),1-4
[20]张幼蒂,杨荣新.露天开采境界动态优化的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,20(1)：10-16
[21]王青,王智静.露天开采整体优化-理论、模型与算法[M].北京.冶金工业出版社,2000
[22]陈宪龙.合理确定剥采比优化露天矿开采境界[J].矿业快报,2001(2),10-11
[23]郭振春.经济合理剥采比的计算方法和分析[J],《现代矿业》,2010,498(10)：116-118
[24]李涛,管辉,缪拥正.露天矿经济合理剥采比的确定[J],《山东煤炭科技》,2010(1)：94-96
[25]张宁珍.露天开采境界确定方法原则和经济剥采比计算[J],《矿山技术》,1987(2),49-50
[26]Pana, M.I., "The Simulation Approach to Open Pit Desing", Proc,5th APCOM, 1965,23-25
[27]Marino, J. M. and J. P. Slama. "Ore Reserve Evaluation And Open Pit Planaing", Proceedings,10th, APCOM,1972,139-144
[28]Phillips, D. A., "Optimum Design Of An Open Pit", Proceedings,10th APCOM,1972,145-147
[29]Lemieux, M. J., "A Computerized Three Dimensional Optimum Open Pit Design System", Canadian Institute Of Mining Annual Meeting, Montreal, 1979
[30]龚元祥.铜厂铜矿三维可视化建模及露天境界优化技术研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2008
[31]Anderson, C., "Pseudoflow solvers for the maximum flow problems", UC Berkeley manuscript,2001
[32]Johnson, T.B.and W.R.Sharp, "A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Programming Method For Optimal Ultimate Open Pit Design", RI7553, US.Bureau of Mines. 1971,25
[33]Koenigsberg, E., "The Optimum Contours Of An Open Pit Mine:An Application Of Dynamic Programming",Proceedings,17th APCOM,1982, 274-278
[34]Wright, E.A., "The Use Of Dynamic Programming For Open Pit Mine Design: Some Practical Implications", Mining Science And Technology,1987 (4), 97-104
[35]殷剑宏,吴开亚,等.图论及其算法(M).北京,中国科学技术大学出版社,2000
[36]F.哈拉里.图论(M).李慰莹译.上海,上海科学技术出版社,1980
[37]屈婉玲,耿素云,张立昂.离散数学(M).北京,清华人学出版社,2005
[38]任万古.露天矿坑优化设计L-G方法概述[J],金属矿山,2002(8),19-21
[39]Alford, C.G, Whittle,J., Application of Lerchs-Grossman Pit Optimization to the Design of Open Pit Mines[J].Symposia Series-Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.1986,201-207
[40]张彤炜,王李管、龚元祥.露天开采的境界优化算法研究及应用[J],金属矿山,2008(2),30-33
[41]Robinson, R. H. and N.B.Prenn, "An Open Pit Design Model", Proc,10th APCOM,1972,155-163
[42]Lipkewich, M. P. and L. Borgman, "Two And Three Dimensional Pit Design Optimization Techniques", A Decade Of Digital Computing In The Mining Industry, SME-AIME,1969,505-523
[43]Chen, T., "3-D Pit Design With Variable Wall Slope Capabilities", Proceedings,14th APCOM,1976,615-625
[44]Zhao, Y. and Y. C. Kim, "A New Graph Theory Algorithm For Optimal Ultimate Pit Design", Paper Presented at the SME-AIME Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah,1990
[45]Meyer, m., "Applying Linear Programmings to the Design of Ultimate Pit Limits", management science,1969-16-2,121-135
[46]Johnson, T. B., "Optimum Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling", Ph. D. Thesis, University Of California,Berkeley, Operations Research Department, 1968,115-120
[47]Yegulalp, T. M., et. al., "New Development In Ultimate Pit Limit Problem Solution Methods", Transaction Of The Society For Mining, Metallurgy And Exploration, Inc.,1993(294),1853-1857
[48]焦玉书.用凸形分析-资源技术参数化方法确定露大开采境界[J].露大采矿技术.2003(3),1-5
[49]Francois-Bongarcon, D. And D. Guibal, "Algorithm For Parameterizing Reserves Under Different Geometrical Constraints", Proceedings,17th APCOM,1982,297-309
[50]Francois-Bongarcon, D. and A. Marechal, "A New Method For Open Pit Design:Parameterizaing Of The Final Pit Contour", Proceedings,14th APCOM,1976,573-585
[51]Dagdelen, K. and D. Francois-Bongarcon, "Towards The Complete Double Parameterization Of Recovered Reserves In Open Pit Mining", Proceedings, 17th APCOM,1982,288-295
[52]Coleou, T., "Technical Parameterization Of Reserves For Open Pit Mine Design And Mine Planning", Proceedings,21th APCOM,1989,485-494
[53]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.基于经济时间序列预测的露天矿开采境界动态优化[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1),29-33
[54]游安弼,蔡嗣经.基于几何模型技术的矿山三维建模研究[J].中国矿业,2006,15(8),51-53
[55]李培军.层状地质体的三维模拟与可视化[J].地学前缘.2000(7),271-277
[56]侯景儒,黄竞先编译.地质统计学的理论与方法[M].地质出版社.1990,3-7
[57]孙洪泉编,地质统计学及其应用[M].中国矿业大学出版社.1990,10-19
[58]侯景儒,尹镇南等.实用地质统计学(空间信息统计学)[M].地质出版社,1998,7-11
[59]张四维.我国露天矿边坡工程研究成果与进展[J].地质灾害与环境保护2000,11(2),98-101
[60]姜立春.深凹露天矿高陡边坡失稳安全环境分析及工程控制研究[D].[博士学位论文],长沙,中南大学,2005,4-9
[61]杨学堂,王飞.边坡稳定性评价方法及发展趋势[J].岩土工程技术,2004,18(2),103-106
[62]张四维.我国露天矿边坡工程研究成果与进展[J].地质灾害与环境保护2000,11(2),98-101
[63]石忠民,张幼蒂.露天矿优化设计的数值方法和基本原理[J].露天开采,1999(2),10-14
[64]刘金冷.预测与决策技术-原理及应用软件设计[M].天津,天津科学技术出版社,1996,8-28
[65]王沁.时间序列分析及其应用[M].成都,西南交通大学出版社,2008,54-81,137-141
[66]廖旺才,杨福生,胡广书.自回归模型和基于数据处理分组法的非线性模型的比较研究[J].北京生物医学工程,1994,13(3),129-139
[67]A. D. Akbari, M. Osanloo, M. A. Shirazi, "Ultimate Pit Limit Determination Through Minimizing Risk Costs Associated With Price Uncertainty" [J], Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi.2008(24),157-159
[68]胡茂生,丰艳萍,谢英亮等.技术经济分析理论与方法[M].北京,冶金工业出 版社,2009,8-20,26-31
[69]张静.投资评价动态决策的NPV法与IRR法比较分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(5),492-495
[70]孙薇,李金颖.技术经济学[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2009,26-32
[71]王维军,刘庆超,等.基于NPV理论的工程成本控制及实证研究[J].中国管理信息化,2008,11(8),67-69
[72]刘朝马.矿业权估价理论与方法[M].北京.冶金工业出版社,2003,136-147
[73]刘春学,林幼斌.时间序列分析在金属价格预测中的应用[J].云南财贸学院学报,2001,16(6),62-63
[74]A. D. Akbari, M. Osanloo, M. A. Shirazi, Reserve Estimation Of An Open Pit Mine Under Price Uncertainty By Real Option Approach[J], Mining Science and Technology.2009, Vol.19(6),709-711
[75]S.Zhongmin, F. Zhongren, X. Changyou, et al., Principles for Optimum Design of Open Pit Mines[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2000(10),119-122
[76]林启太,刘有志.基于多目标模糊决策的露天矿采剥进度计划优选[J].矿业研究与开发,2002,22(1),1-3
[77]王青,史维祥.采矿学[M],北京：冶金工业出版社.2001.1
[78]杨彪,罗周全,陆广等.基于三维仿真及动态评估的露天矿采剥顺序优化[J].科技导报,2011,29(08),54-57
[79]赵德孝,柳小波,姜谙男,孙豁然.金山店铁矿入选品位动态优化数学模型建立[J].金属矿山,2004,334(4),8-11
[80]谢英亮,肖平.露天矿边界品位优化及其动态调整[J].金属矿山,1996(7),12-17
[81]Osanloo, M. and Ataei, M.,Using Equivalent Grade Factors To Find The Optimum Cut-Off Grades Of Multiple Metal Deposits[J].Minerals Engineering. 2003,16(8),771-776
[82]William w. s. wei and魏武雄著,易丹辉,刘超,等译.时间序列分析—单变量和多变量方法[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社.2005,1-7
[83]王燕.应用时间序列分析[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008,42-53
[84]M. P. Clements, D. F. Hendry,陆懋祖.预测经济时间序列[M],北京：北京大学出版社.2008,4-7
[85]Wallis, K. F., Comparing Time-Series And Nonlinear Model-Based Forecasts. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics.1984,46 (4),383-389
[86]Wallis, K.F., Macroeconomic Forecasting:A Survey[J]. Economic Journal. 1989(99),28-61
[87]高洁.基于时间序列理论方法的生物序列特征分析[D]：[博士学位论文].无锡,江南大学,2009,10-15
[88]Box, G. E. P., Jenkins, G.M., Time Series Analysis,Forecasting and Control. San Francisco:Holden-Day. Published.1976,57-61
[89]Box GEP, Jenkins GM, Reinsel GC. Time series analysis:forecasting and control[M]. San Francisco:Holden Day,1970
[90]于宁莉,易东云,涂先勤.时间序列中自相关和偏相关函数分析.数学理论与应用,2007,27(1),54-57
[91]Harvey, A. C., Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1989,17-64
[92]Hendry, D.Y., Doornik, J. A., Modeling Linear Dynamic Econometric Systems. Scottish Journal of Political Economy.1994,1-3
[93]常学将,陈敏,王明生编著.时间序列分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1993
[94]林树宽,杨玫,乔建忠.一种非线性非平稳时间序列预测建模方法[J].东北大学学报,2007,28(3),325-326
[95]Akaike, H., A new look at statistical model identification[J]. IEEE transaction on Automatics Control,1974(19),716-723
[96]Akaike, H., Posterior probabilities for choosing a regression model[J]. Ann. Inst. Math. Stat.1978(30A),9-14
[97]Schwartz, G., Estimming the dimension of a model[J]. Ann. Statistics,1978, 6(46),1-64
[98]蒋金良,林广明.基于ARIMA模型的自动站风速预测[J].控制理论与应用,2008,25(2),374-376
[99]黄春松,刘建华.经济波动与金属价格波动的相关性研究[J].漳州师范学院学报,2007,66(4),4-7
[100]曾超.影响铜价各个因素的实证分析[J].光大银行期货公司研发中心,2008
[101]http://www.lme.com/home.asp
[102]http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj
[103]刘本玉,叶燎原.人工智能技术在防震减灾工程中的应用[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[104]罗一忠.大面积采空区失稳的重大危险源辨识[D]：[博士学位论文].长沙,中南大学.2005
[105]朱大奇.人工神经网络研究现状及其展望[J].江南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,3(1)：103-110
[106]杨彪.基于CMS实测的采空区危险度分析及其处理[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学.2008
[107]Carpenter G. A., Grossberg S. The ART of adaptive pattern recognition by self-organizing neural network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Computer 1988,15 (1),77-88
[108]Hopfield, J., Computing with neural circuits:A Model [J]. Science,1986(233), 625-633
[109]Kosko, B., Bidirectional associative memories[J]. IEEE Transactions on Man, System and Cybernitics,1988,26(18),49-59
[110]Narendra, K., Parthasarathy K. Identification and control of dynamical systems using neural networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 1990,1(1),4-27
[111]Miller, W. T., Real-time Application Of Neural Networks For Sensor-Based Control Robbts,With Vision[J]. IEEE Transactions on Man, System and Cybernitics,1989,27(19),825-831
[112]廖晓听.细胞神经网络的数学理论(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)[J].中国科学(A辑),1994,24(9),902-910
[113]袁曾任.人工神经元网络及其应用[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1999
[114]闻新MATLAB(?)神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京,科学出版社,2003
[115]施式亮,王海桥.矿井安全非线性动力学评价[M].北京,煤炭工业出版社,2001
[116]高隽.人工神经网络原理及仿真实例[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2003
[117]闫志忠.BP神经网络模型的改进及其应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].吉林,吉林大学,2003
[118]李红霞,赵新华,迟海燕,等.基于改进BP神经网络模型的地面沉降预测及分析[J].天津大学学报,2009,42(1),60-65
[119]刘钦龙,焦斌亮,刘立.基于改进的BP神经网络模型的遥感图像分类方法研究[J].电光与控制,2009,16(8),65-67
[120]陈昌彦,王思敬,沈小克.边坡岩体稳定性的人工神经网络预测模型[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(2),157-160
[121]余伟健,高谦,张延凯.高陡边坡滑坡的潜在影响因素分析及安全评价[J].北京科技大学学报,2008,30(3),228-231
[122]舒继森,王文忠,张镭.浅谈生产露天矿的边坡稳定性研究[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5),40-43
[123]张志军,丁德馨,饶龙,等.基于人工神经网络的岩土工程反演设计方法研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006(7),393-397
[124]Bieniawski, Z. T., The Geomechanics Classification In Rock Engineering Application[J]. proceedings of the 4th international congress in rock mechanics, ISRM,1979,41-48
[125]Romana, M., SMR Classification, proceedings of the 7th international congress in rock mechanics, ISRM,1992,78-84
[126]宋卫东、杜建华、谢正平,等.大冶铁矿深凹露天开采最终边坡稳定性分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2005,27(4),385-388
[127]白润才,张普利,刘景凡.露天矿边坡稳定性预测的人工神经网络模型[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000,19(4),337-340
[128]郑晓明,李富平.露天矿最终边坡角确定的神经网络方法[J].化工矿物与加工,2000(1),8-11
[129]肖云.大冶铁矿高陡边坡变形破坏特征与滑坡预测模型研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].武汉,武汉工程大学,2009
[130]解联库.复杂地质环境因素作用下边坡稳定性分析研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].沈阳,东北大学,2005
[131]任高峰.基于位移反分析法的深凹边坡形状力学优化研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].武汉,武汉理工大学,2005
[132]邱秀梅,姜德贵.边坡岩体稳定性的RBF人工神经网络预测模型[J].山东农业大学学报.2008,39(4),601-604
[133]张力民.黑山铁矿露天采场边坡稳定性研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].唐山,河北理工大学,2006
[134]蔡美峰,乔兰,李长洪,等.深凹露天矿高陡边坡稳定性分析与设计优化[J].北京科技大学学报.2004,26(5),466-471
[135]章建平,张正.南京某矿山边坡稳定性分析与评价[J].江苏地质.2008,32(1),34-36
[136]李磊.极限平衡法与DDA法在岩石高边坡稳定性分析中的应用研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2007
[137]孙钧.世纪之交岩石力学研究的若干进展-岩石力学数值分析与解析方法[M].广东,广东科技出版社,1998
[138]谢文兵,陈晓祥,等.采矿工程问题数值模拟研究与分析[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社.2005,27-32
[139]吴亚斌.基于CMS实测的采空区群稳定性数值模拟研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2007,26-31
[140]杨柯,张立翔,李仲奎.地下洞室群有限元分析的地应力场计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11),1639-1644
[141]王文星.岩体力学[M].长沙,中南大学出版社,2004
[142]周思孟.复杂岩体若干岩石力学问题[M].北京,中国水利水电出版社.1998,6-10
[143]李仲奎,戴荣,姜逸明.FLAC3D分析中的初始应力场生成及在大型地下洞室群计算中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2),2387-2392
[144]杨为民,陈卫忠,李术才,等.快速拉格朗日法分析巨型地下洞室群稳定性[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(2),230-234
[145]罗周全,吴亚斌,刘晓明,等.基于SURPAC的复杂地质体FLAC3D模型生成技术[J].岩土工程,2008,29(5),1334-1338
[146]侯恩科,吴立新,李建民,等.三维地学模拟与数值模拟的耦合方法研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(4),388～392
[147]罗周全,杨彪,刘晓明,等.基于CMS实测及Midas-FLAC3D耦合的复杂空区群稳定性分析[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(6),1-4
[148]Madis GTS User Manual(Version 2.6)[M]. Korea:Madis Corporation,2002.
[149]Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3D) Version 3.10, Users Manual[M].USA:Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., 2006
[150]宗全兵,徐卫亚.基于广义Hoek-Brown强度准则的岩质边坡开挖稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11),3071-3076
[151]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.露采矿山三维设计方法应用研究[J].工程设计学报,2011,18(1),48-52
[152]魏连江,方宗武,王红胜.三维可视化技术在矿山开采辅助设计中的应用研究[J].矿业工程,2006,4(3),61
[153]李光强,李姣姣,邓敏.矿山三维实体类型及建模方法[J].金属矿山,2008,12,124-125
[154]王明华.工程岩体三维地质建模与可视化研究[D]：[博士学位论文].武汉：中科院武汉岩土力学研究所,2004
[155]罗周全,刘晓明,苏家红等.基于Surpac的矿床三维模型构建[J].金属矿山,2006,(4),33～36
[156]陈爱兵,秦德先,张学书等.基于MICROMINE矿床三维立体模型的应用 [J].地质与勘探,2004,40(5),77～80
[157]Raper J. F. Key 3D modeling concepts for geoscientific analysis. In:Turner A K(ed), Three-Dimensional Modeling with Geoscientific Information Systems[M]. NATO ASI, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers,1992, 215-232
[158]Thomas R. Fisher. Use of 3D Geographic Information Systems in Hazardous WasteSite Investigations[M]. Oxford University Press. Environmental Modeling with GIS,1993
[159]Erarslan, Kaan. Practical approach for 3D modeling of ore bodies and the design of development for underground of mines [J]. Mineral Resources Engineering, Jul 2000,9(3),12-16
[160]杨晓坤,秦德先,冯美丽.基于Surpac的矿山三维地学模型及综合信息成矿预测研究[J].地质与资源,2008,17(1),61-64
[161]蒋京名,王李管DIMINE矿业软件推动我国数字化矿山发展[J].中国矿业,2009,18(10),90-94
[162]胡建明.三维矿山数字化软件的应用和发展方向[J].金属矿山,2008(1),97-99
[163]陈军,郭薇.基于剖分的三维拓扑ER模型研究[J].测绘学报,1998,27(4),308-317
[164]刘晓明.基于实测的采空区三维建模及其衍生技术的研究与应用[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2007
[165]Yang Biao, Luo Zhou-Quan, Zhang Xu-Fang. Computer-aided Four-dimensional Optimization of Open Pit Mining Limit[J].2011 3rd International Conference on Computer and Network Technology,February, 2011 Taiyuan, China,193-198
[166]程朋根,龚健雅.地勘工程三维空间数据模型及其数据结构设计[J].测绘学报,2001,30(1),74-81
[167]肖乐斌,钟耳顺,刘纪远,等.GIS概念数据模型的研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2001,26(5),387-392
[168]周胜.安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿床三维地质建模及其应用研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2009
[169]Bye, Alan. The Development And Application of A 3d Geotechnical Model For Mining Optimisation[J].2005 SME Annual Meeting:Got Mining-Preprints. 2005,651-660
[170]聂兴信.金堆城钼矿南露天开采规划研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].西安：西 安建筑科技大学,2003
[171]Dagdelen, K., "Optimum Multi Period Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling" Ph. D. Thesis, Colorado School Of Mines, Golden, Colorado,1985,325
[172]P.H.Bastid,露天矿开采设计的编制[J].国外金属采矿,1980(3),1-12
[173]露天采矿手册第五册,北京：煤炭工业出版社,1986
[174]杨树才,王喜富,杨荣新.露天开采方案的动态综合优化[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995,24(3),80-84
[175]Gershon, M. E.," An Open Pit Production Scheduler:Algorithm And Implementation" Mining Engineering.1989,793-796
[176]Fytas, K., "A Computerized Model Of Open Of Open Pit Short And Long Range Production Scheduling", Processing,19th ACOMP,1986,109-119
[177]王侠.基于Surpac露天采矿计划优化设计系统及应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[178]冯超东,曹亮.基于SURPAC的露天矿三维采掘进度计划编制系统[J].金属矿山,2008(12),139-142
[179]Albach,H., Long Range Planning In Open Pit Mining [J], Management Science.1967, 13(10),549-568
[180]Janssen, A. T., "Long Range Production Planning Of Direct-Shipping Ore Form Several Deposits", A Decade Of Digital Computing In The Mineral Industry, AME-AIME,1969,459-481
[181]Gershon, M. E., "A Blending Based Approach To Mine Planning And Production Scheduling", Processing,19th ACOMP,1986,120-126
[182]Elevli, B. et. al., "Single Time Period Production Scheduling Of Open Pit Mines", SME Preprint,1989,89-157
[183]Yun, Q. X. and T. M. Yegulalp, "Optimum Scheduling Of Overburden Removal In Open Pit Mines", Canadian Institute Of Mining Bulletin,1982,75(848),80-83
[184]Sevim, H. and Q. Wang, etal., "Economics Of Contracting Overburden Removal", Processing,22nd ACOMP,1990(1),573-584
[185]Onur, A. H. and P. A. Dowd, "Open Pit Optimization-Part 2:Production Scheduling And Inclusion Of Roadways", Transactions Of Institution Of Mining And Metallurgy, 1993(102),105-113
[186]李建祥,王青.多时段露天开采短期计划优化[J].金属矿山,2001(4),1-4
[187]张继文,王青.闭合排队网络的扩展求和算法及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(11),1309-1312
[188]李建祥,吴会江,唐立新.考虑规整性的露天矿短期生产调度模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2005(3),119-122
[189]采矿手册,采矿手册编委会,北京：冶金工业出版社,1988
[190]GEMCOM soft CO. Surpac Group. Surpac Manual. Surpac visio 6.1
[191]Russell, A. Carter, Vendors Boot Up a Mew Generation of Mining Software[J]. Engineering & Mining Journal,2009(8),11-18
[192]Torries, T. F., NPV or IRR? Why not both [J]. Mining Engineering,1998,50 (10),69-73
[193]Paul Shaman, Properties of Generalized Levinson-Durbin-Whittle sequences[J]. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference,2008,138(9)
[194]Liu, K. Indexability of Restless Bandit Problems and Optimality of Whittle Index for Dynamic Multichannel Access[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.2010,56(11)
[195]Guo, H. and Lim, C. Y. and Meerschaert, M. M., Local Whittle estimator for anisotropic random fields[J]. Journal of Multivariate Analysis,2009,100(5)
[196]GEMCOM soft CO. whittle Group. Whittle Manual. Whittle4.4