鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世早期沉积体系与沉积演化规律
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地是煤炭、石油和天然气资源都非常丰富的能源大盆地,其中三叠系延长组是该区石油聚集的最有利的场所之一,具有重要的研究价值和经济价值。但是延长组各段的沉积砂体展布目前仍存在争议,三叠系湖盆范围及三角洲分布范围仍不明确,特别是晚三叠世早期,作为重要的湖盆中心迁移期,主力生油层之一,沉积砂体的展布、湖盆范围以及三角洲范围仍然不明确。
论文以现代沉积学原理为基础,从盆地大范围的沉积体系入手,重点研究延长组早期长9、长10油层组的沉积相类型、特征和平面展布规律,以及沉积演化,建立沉积模式,对进一步寻找油气有利聚集区具有重要的指导意义。
鄂尔多斯盆地是发育在华北克拉通之上的多旋回叠合型盆地。盆地晚三叠世气候潮湿,植物繁茂,沉积了较厚的灰黑色砂泥岩层和油页岩,以及丰富的有机质和生物群落。
盆地延长组早期厚度一般为160～470m,总体表现为北薄南厚的特点。采用标志层控制、邻井追踪及旋回对比等方法,充分运用基本标志层、辅助标志层及邻井厚度变化,延长组早期分为长9、长10油层组,长9油层组进一步分为长9_1、长9_2两个油层段。
综合分析和充分挖掘野外露头、测井资料、岩心和地震资料所反映的沉积体系标志,识别出盆地延长组早期主要由河流沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系组成,并进一步分为10种亚相,20种微相,详细论述了各沉积体系的特征,分别建立了沉积模式。
延长组早期沉积物具有从湖盆四周向中心汇聚的特征,东北、西南和西北物源是盆地晚三叠世早期的主要物源方向;东北部物源来自大青山太古代变质岩提供的稳定物源,西北部物源来自阿拉善古陆的太古界片麻岩,西南物源来自秦祁褶皱造山带的早古生界片麻岩、花岗岩类。
详细研究了延长组早期的沉积相带和砂体在平面上的展布特征,砂体展布受沉积相的控制,沿着湖岸线三角洲呈环带状分布,盆地东北部发育曲流河三角洲,西南部发育辫状河三角洲,灵台一彬县西南为辫状河沉积,并利用三角洲平原与前缘相的界线来确定湖岸线位置。
延长组早期延长湖经历了发生、发展的过程。长10期盆地已具雏形,长轴呈北西—南东向展布,中心区域为浅湖亚相,在湖盆的东西两岸发育着三角洲前缘亚相、向外推演变为三角洲平原亚相;进入长9期,盆地下沉速度明显加大,湖盆扩展,水体扩大加深,但水体仍较浅,仅在桥镇—甘泉—直罗一带出现深湖。
Ordos Basin is significantly abundant in coal, oil and gas. Yanchang formation, the stratum of Late Triassic is one of the most favorable intervals for hydrocarbon accumulating, which has rather more important research and economical importance. However, the discussing focus of Yanchang formation is still sand body distribution, and lake basin area and delta extent of Late Triassic also aren't confirmed. Especially, in the early period of Late Triassic, as the important lake centre migration period and one of the major source intervals, the sand body distribution, lake basin area and delta extent are still ambiguous and need to study deeply.
Based on utilizing sedimentology theory and regarding large scale sedimentary system study as onset, the author had finished this paper by regarding sedimentary facies types, deposition characters, plane distribution rules and deposition evolution of Chang-9 and Chang-10 Member as an important whole part. Then the sedimentary modes had been established, so the achievement of which indicated more guidance meaning for further seeking favorable reservoirs.
Ordos Basin was a multicycle congruence basin that developed in the North China Craton. During Late Triassic epoch, the weather was wet and vegetation was flourish, and had lots of greyblack sandstone, mudstone and oil shale layers with much organic matter and fossil organism.
The early Late Triassic could be divided into Chang-9 and Chang-10 Member, the deposition thickness of which ranged from 160 m to 470 m and changed thicker southward and thinner northward. Based on the stratum correlation analysis, the upper interval, Chang 9 Member could be subdivided into Chang 9_1 and Chang 9_2 sublayer by useing fllowing methods, like controlling markers, adjacent wells tracking and cycle comparing, which made full use of basical key layers, assistant key layers and thickness change of adjacent wells.
Based on comprehensive analysis and utilizing detail studying of sedimentary system marks which developed in outcrops, logging data, core and seismic data. the author found the main sedimentary systems are composed of fluvial, lacustrine and delta system, which could be subdivided into 10 subfacies and 20 microfacies. Then the author described characters of 10 subfacies and established the sedimentary models.
In Early period of Yanchang formation, the sediments supplyed by basin margin and mainly derived from northeast, southwest and northwest were transported far into the centre of lack basin. In them, northeastern, northwestern and southwestern source were derived from Archaean metamorphic rock of Daqingshan, Archaean gneiss of Alxa Ancient Land and Early Palaeozoic gneiss and granide of the Qinling and Qilian fold mountain belt, respectively.
Sedimentary belts and plane distribution characters of Chang-9 and Chang-10 Member were studied detailedly, and found the plane distribution characters of sandstone were controlled by sedimentary facies. On shore of lake basin, delta distribution was belt-like. Meandering river delta, braided channel delta and braided rive are developed in northeastern and southwestern portion of the lake basin and southwest Lingtai-Binxian belt, respectively. The lake strandline could be confirmed by utilizing borderline between delta plain and delta front.
During early period of Late Triassic, the depositional evolution of lake basin could be divided into beginning and development period. During Chang-10 period, the basin formed NW-SE trending embryo lake, so the sedimentary facies mainly was shallow lacustrine subfacies in central area, and only developed delta front subfacies on eastern and western shore around lake, but fast turned into delta plain subfacies landward. During Chang-9 period, because of affecting by accelerated subsidence, lake basin was extended further, and water body become deeper, but still shallow. Deep lake was only developed along Qiaozhen-Ganquan-Zhiluo belt.
论文以现代沉积学原理为基础,从盆地大范围的沉积体系入手,重点研究延长组早期长9、长10油层组的沉积相类型、特征和平面展布规律,以及沉积演化,建立沉积模式,对进一步寻找油气有利聚集区具有重要的指导意义。
鄂尔多斯盆地是发育在华北克拉通之上的多旋回叠合型盆地。盆地晚三叠世气候潮湿,植物繁茂,沉积了较厚的灰黑色砂泥岩层和油页岩,以及丰富的有机质和生物群落。
盆地延长组早期厚度一般为160～470m,总体表现为北薄南厚的特点。采用标志层控制、邻井追踪及旋回对比等方法,充分运用基本标志层、辅助标志层及邻井厚度变化,延长组早期分为长9、长10油层组,长9油层组进一步分为长9_1、长9_2两个油层段。
综合分析和充分挖掘野外露头、测井资料、岩心和地震资料所反映的沉积体系标志,识别出盆地延长组早期主要由河流沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系组成,并进一步分为10种亚相,20种微相,详细论述了各沉积体系的特征,分别建立了沉积模式。
延长组早期沉积物具有从湖盆四周向中心汇聚的特征,东北、西南和西北物源是盆地晚三叠世早期的主要物源方向;东北部物源来自大青山太古代变质岩提供的稳定物源,西北部物源来自阿拉善古陆的太古界片麻岩,西南物源来自秦祁褶皱造山带的早古生界片麻岩、花岗岩类。
详细研究了延长组早期的沉积相带和砂体在平面上的展布特征,砂体展布受沉积相的控制,沿着湖岸线三角洲呈环带状分布,盆地东北部发育曲流河三角洲,西南部发育辫状河三角洲,灵台一彬县西南为辫状河沉积,并利用三角洲平原与前缘相的界线来确定湖岸线位置。
延长组早期延长湖经历了发生、发展的过程。长10期盆地已具雏形,长轴呈北西—南东向展布,中心区域为浅湖亚相,在湖盆的东西两岸发育着三角洲前缘亚相、向外推演变为三角洲平原亚相;进入长9期,盆地下沉速度明显加大,湖盆扩展,水体扩大加深,但水体仍较浅,仅在桥镇—甘泉—直罗一带出现深湖。
Ordos Basin is significantly abundant in coal, oil and gas. Yanchang formation, the stratum of Late Triassic is one of the most favorable intervals for hydrocarbon accumulating, which has rather more important research and economical importance. However, the discussing focus of Yanchang formation is still sand body distribution, and lake basin area and delta extent of Late Triassic also aren't confirmed. Especially, in the early period of Late Triassic, as the important lake centre migration period and one of the major source intervals, the sand body distribution, lake basin area and delta extent are still ambiguous and need to study deeply.
Based on utilizing sedimentology theory and regarding large scale sedimentary system study as onset, the author had finished this paper by regarding sedimentary facies types, deposition characters, plane distribution rules and deposition evolution of Chang-9 and Chang-10 Member as an important whole part. Then the sedimentary modes had been established, so the achievement of which indicated more guidance meaning for further seeking favorable reservoirs.
Ordos Basin was a multicycle congruence basin that developed in the North China Craton. During Late Triassic epoch, the weather was wet and vegetation was flourish, and had lots of greyblack sandstone, mudstone and oil shale layers with much organic matter and fossil organism.
The early Late Triassic could be divided into Chang-9 and Chang-10 Member, the deposition thickness of which ranged from 160 m to 470 m and changed thicker southward and thinner northward. Based on the stratum correlation analysis, the upper interval, Chang 9 Member could be subdivided into Chang 9_1 and Chang 9_2 sublayer by useing fllowing methods, like controlling markers, adjacent wells tracking and cycle comparing, which made full use of basical key layers, assistant key layers and thickness change of adjacent wells.
Based on comprehensive analysis and utilizing detail studying of sedimentary system marks which developed in outcrops, logging data, core and seismic data. the author found the main sedimentary systems are composed of fluvial, lacustrine and delta system, which could be subdivided into 10 subfacies and 20 microfacies. Then the author described characters of 10 subfacies and established the sedimentary models.
In Early period of Yanchang formation, the sediments supplyed by basin margin and mainly derived from northeast, southwest and northwest were transported far into the centre of lack basin. In them, northeastern, northwestern and southwestern source were derived from Archaean metamorphic rock of Daqingshan, Archaean gneiss of Alxa Ancient Land and Early Palaeozoic gneiss and granide of the Qinling and Qilian fold mountain belt, respectively.
Sedimentary belts and plane distribution characters of Chang-9 and Chang-10 Member were studied detailedly, and found the plane distribution characters of sandstone were controlled by sedimentary facies. On shore of lake basin, delta distribution was belt-like. Meandering river delta, braided channel delta and braided rive are developed in northeastern and southwestern portion of the lake basin and southwest Lingtai-Binxian belt, respectively. The lake strandline could be confirmed by utilizing borderline between delta plain and delta front.
During early period of Late Triassic, the depositional evolution of lake basin could be divided into beginning and development period. During Chang-10 period, the basin formed NW-SE trending embryo lake, so the sedimentary facies mainly was shallow lacustrine subfacies in central area, and only developed delta front subfacies on eastern and western shore around lake, but fast turned into delta plain subfacies landward. During Chang-9 period, because of affecting by accelerated subsidence, lake basin was extended further, and water body become deeper, but still shallow. Deep lake was only developed along Qiaozhen-Ganquan-Zhiluo belt.
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