玻化微珠保温混凝土及其结构的基本性能试验与理论分析研究
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摘要
随着全球能源危机的日益加剧和我国节能减排等相关政策的大力推行,开发研制抗震、经济并节能省地型的新的建筑结构体系成为土木工程领域的重要课题。在此背景下,对玻化微珠保温混凝土这一新型建筑保温节能材料及其结构进行试验与理论分析研究具有重要意义。
目前工程建设市场上所用的建筑保温材料主要以EPS板、XPS板、胶粉EPS颗粒、硬泡聚氨酯等有机材料为主;而且保温工程作法主要是建筑物主体结构形成后,再进行保温材料的粘贴或涂抹施工。这些保温系统的作法,增加了建筑施工过程,加大了建造成本,且不利于建筑物结构受力和安全;有些建筑物由于选用的保温材料是有机材料,不仅容易老化,影响寿命,而且还会造成不同程度的室内外环境污染,甚至加重建筑物火灾隐患。基于上述原因,本文从玻化微珠保温混凝土原材料、配合比、及其基本力学、保温性能开展了试验研究工作,结合具体工程项目对玻化微珠保温混凝土结构的抗震与热工性能进行了理论模拟分析。本文研究的具体工作如下:
(1)对玻化微珠材料从其生产研制、改性方面进行了理论分析与试验,为玻化微珠保温混凝土的试验研究奠定了基础。
(2)基于正交设计理论,试验测定了18组不同配合比的玻化微珠保温混凝土试件抗压强度和导热系数,并对试验数据进行了分析。得出了影响玻化微珠保温混凝土抗压强度和导热系数的主次因素及排序结果;经回归分析,建立了玻化微珠在混凝土中掺量与导热系数的关系方程。
(3)在正交试验的基础上,选定配合比最优组合的方案做进一步试验,试验测定了采用不同玻化微珠掺量时,强度等级为32.5硅酸盐水泥、强度等级为52.5铝酸盐水泥、掺加粗细铁矿砂、掺加粗细松脂岩尾砂、掺加Ⅰ型外加剂等配制的玻化微珠保温混凝土的导热系数、抗压强度等性能指标,成功研制出C10～C35强度等级、导热系数0.206~0.850W/(m·K)的玻化微珠保温混凝土;并针对试件破坏特征进行了分析,得出玻化微珠作为保温混凝土材料是可行的,能与混凝土的其他组成材料结合良好,具有施工可操作性。
(4)选定导热系数、抗压强度满足保温节能工程要求的三种配合比方案,对其棱柱体试件进行了单轴受压状态下的强度和变形试验研究;系统地分析了玻化微珠保温混凝土强度与变形的关系,得出了C25、C30、C35三种不同强度等级玻化微珠保温混凝土的单轴受压应力-应变本构关系,以及棱柱体抗压强度、应变、初始弹性模量、残余强度、延性等数值,为工程项目结构设计采用玻化微珠保温混凝土提供了理论依据。
(5)应用ANSYS大型分析软件,以太原市某21层剪力墙结构住宅为例,采用谱分析方法,对比了玻化微珠保温混凝土和普通混凝土剪力墙结构的抗震动力性能;为保证分析结果的可靠性,采用三条地震波数据对玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构进行了抗震时程分析。通过计算得到玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构的自振周期与对应的同阶普通混凝土剪力墙结构自振周期的关系;在反应谱和地震波作用下,玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构最大弹性层间位移角与规范规定的位移角限值的关系,底部最大剪力与对应的普通混凝土剪力墙结构底部最大剪力的关系。计算结果表明,玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构不仅能够满足抗震设计规范要求,而且有比普通混凝土剪力墙结构更好的抗震性能。
(6)应用DeST-h软件,针对寒冷地区与严寒地区的典型建筑物为研究对象,建立热工分析理论模型。模拟和对比了围护结构分别采用玻化微珠保温混凝土和普通混凝土结构时,空调季、采暖季及全年的单个房间、单个系统和整栋建筑的能耗情况。得出围护结构为玻化微珠保温混凝土建筑与对应的普通混凝土建筑在整个采暖季、整个空调季和全年热能消耗的关系,表明与课题所研制的玻化微珠保温混凝土建筑目前能够满足我国寒冷地区建筑节能65%、严寒地区建筑节能50%目标的要求。
(7)对玻化微珠保温混凝土结构的建筑物进行了技术经济分析计算。应用年成本法,对比分析了玻化微珠保温混凝土自保温系统与常用EPS板、XPS板、玻化微珠保温砂浆等保温系统的经济性;得出玻化微珠保温混凝土自保温系统比目前常用的其他保温节能系统技术先进、年成本大幅度降低的结论,从而证明玻化微珠保温混凝土具有很高的经济价值与推广应用价值。
通过理论分析和试验证明,玻化微珠保温混凝土是一种既具有一般混凝土的物理力学性能,同时又具有保温性能、绿色、环保的高效益生态建筑材料。建立在工程结构及热工性能设计基本理论和方法基础上,玻化微珠保温混凝土是一种同时满足工程结构受力以及保温节能要求的新型自保温建筑节能材料;使用玻化微珠保温混凝土保温系统具有整体性好、保温性能佳、综合性强等技术先进性,应用于有保温节能要求的多层及高层建筑物中是可行的。
本文研究的“玻化微珠保温混凝土”已获得国家知识产权局发明专利授权(ZL200610012726.2);该课题做为系列研究课题玻化微珠保温砂浆应用研究的重要组成部分,研究成果经山西省科技厅组织全国知名专家鉴定达到国际先进水平,并获山西省科技进步二等奖。
With the growing global energy crisis and the implement of the relevant policies of building energy-saving, development of seismic, economic and land-efficient construction structural system became an significant subject in Civil Engineering field. Under this context, material and structural test and theoretical analysis research is meaningful on new energy-saving building material, glazed hollow bead insulation concrete .
EPS board, XPS board, EPS powder particle, rigid polyurethane and other organic materials are main construction insulation materials in current construction markets.Furthermore, insulation engineering practice is that forming main structure of buildings, and then pasting or daubing insulation materials. These insulation system practices prolong construction process, increase construction costs, and have an unsatisfactory bearing and safety .Because of applyment of organic insulation materials, there existing some defects such as being easy to aging, impacting material using-span , resulting in different levels of indoor and outdoor environmental pollution and even increasing potential of building fire.For above reasons, pilot study was carried our from raw materials, blending ratio, basic mechanics, and thermal insulation performance of glazed hollow bead concrete in this paper, and theoretical simulation analysis of seismic and thermal performance of glazed hollow bead concrete was also done through combining specific projects. The details of research are mainly the followings:
(1)The theoretical analysis and test have been done from productional development and modification aspects of glazed hollow bead material, which have laid foundation for the research study of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete.
(2) According to the orthogonal design theory, the compressive strength and the thermal conductivity have been determined from 18 groups of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete specimen with different blending ratio, and then, the primary and secondary factors and sort results, that impact on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete, are analyzed. Through the regression analysis, the relationship equation between the content of glazed hollow bead which is mixed in the concrete and thermal conductivity has been set up.
(3) Based on the orthogonal test, the scheme that provides the optimal blending ratio has been selected to do further test. In following tests thermal conductivity, compressive strength and other performance indicators which belong to glazed hollow bead insulation concrete have been determined and damage characteristics of samples have also been analyzed,and then some important conclusions have been draw from that. The Portland cement grade 32.5, the aluminates cement grade 52.5, thickness of iron ore, thickness of turpentine rock tailings, admixtureⅠ, and others were adopted in confecting glazed hollow bead insulation concrete with different contents of glazed hollow bead.
(4) Three mix design that meet insulation requirements of the energy-saving project on coefficient of heat conductivity and compressive strength have been chosen. Under the uniaxial status, prism samples of above mix designs have been selected to do compression strength and deformation tests; Systemic analysis of the relationship between the strength and deformation for glazed hollow bead insulation concrete has been carried through, and some results have been provided,including the stress-strain constitutive relationship of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete with grades c25 to c35, prism compressive strength, strain, initial elastic modulus, residual strength, ductility, etc.
(5) By use of the finite element analysis program ANSYS ,this paper set a shear wall building in Taiyuan as an example, adopted spectral analysis method, and made a contrast in seismic dynamic performance between glazed hollow bead insulation concrete shear wall structure and ordinary concrete shear wall structure; In order to keep the reliability of analysis results, seismic time history analysis of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete, which adopted the data of three pieces of earthquake wave, has been carried on in this paper. The seismic behavior of this shear wall have been studied as compared with the common concrete shear wall. Through the analysis, some relationships that the natural vibration period relationship between glazed hollow bead shear wall structure and the corresponding band plain concrete shear wall structure, the relationship between maximum angles of drift of layers of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete and allowance for angles of drift which the provision limited, the relationship of shear of layers between glazed hollow bead insulation concrete shear wall structure and the corresponding plain concrete shear wall structure have been proven. It is concluded that the glazed hollow bead shear wall structure could not only meet requirements of Earthquake Resistant Design Code, but also obtain a better seismic performance than ordinary shear wall structure.
(6) Typical buildings in cold area and severe cold area were set as research objects , theoretical models for thermal analysis were also established in this paper through DeST-h software. The energy consumption situation of a single room , a single system and the entire building , which are in air-conditioning season, heating season and entire year situation, have been stimulated. The energy consumption between the building with glazed hollow bead insulation concrete structure and plain concrete structure are calculated separately. Based on the analysis about the energy consumption of entire heating season , air-conditioning season and overall year , the relationship of the energy consumption and the different envelope has been obtained. The results have indicated that glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction should be capable of meeting requirements of 65% of energy saving building in cold area and goals of 50% of building energy-saving in severe cold area in our country.
(7) The technology-economy analysis of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction have been proposed. The annual cost method was used to compare the economic efficiency in the glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction and the thermal insulation system of EPS, XPS , glazed hollow bead insulation mortar etc. The results show that construction of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete is more advanced than that of other insulation system.. The results also show that the annual cost of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction can be decreased.
Through theoretical analysis and tests, it can be proved that glazed hollow bead insulation concrete is a high-efficiency eco-environmental protection building material. The material is bearing general physical and mechanical properties of concrete, and it also has excellent thermal insulation performance.
Based on the basic theory and method of engineering structure and thermal performance analysis, it is feasible for glazed hollow bead insulation concrete to be applied in the multi-layer and high-rise building. The performance of thermal insulation can meet the requirement of energy conservation design standard.
‘Glazed hollow bead insulation concrete’in this paper has been authorized to obtain the invention patent(ZL200610012726.2) from State Intellectual Property Office; The project is an important part of series research topics of glazed hollow bead insulation mortar research. Identified by the domestic experts . this project has achieved "the international advanced level.", and won scientific and technological progress second prize of Shanxi Province.
目前工程建设市场上所用的建筑保温材料主要以EPS板、XPS板、胶粉EPS颗粒、硬泡聚氨酯等有机材料为主;而且保温工程作法主要是建筑物主体结构形成后,再进行保温材料的粘贴或涂抹施工。这些保温系统的作法,增加了建筑施工过程,加大了建造成本,且不利于建筑物结构受力和安全;有些建筑物由于选用的保温材料是有机材料,不仅容易老化,影响寿命,而且还会造成不同程度的室内外环境污染,甚至加重建筑物火灾隐患。基于上述原因,本文从玻化微珠保温混凝土原材料、配合比、及其基本力学、保温性能开展了试验研究工作,结合具体工程项目对玻化微珠保温混凝土结构的抗震与热工性能进行了理论模拟分析。本文研究的具体工作如下:
(1)对玻化微珠材料从其生产研制、改性方面进行了理论分析与试验,为玻化微珠保温混凝土的试验研究奠定了基础。
(2)基于正交设计理论,试验测定了18组不同配合比的玻化微珠保温混凝土试件抗压强度和导热系数,并对试验数据进行了分析。得出了影响玻化微珠保温混凝土抗压强度和导热系数的主次因素及排序结果;经回归分析,建立了玻化微珠在混凝土中掺量与导热系数的关系方程。
(3)在正交试验的基础上,选定配合比最优组合的方案做进一步试验,试验测定了采用不同玻化微珠掺量时,强度等级为32.5硅酸盐水泥、强度等级为52.5铝酸盐水泥、掺加粗细铁矿砂、掺加粗细松脂岩尾砂、掺加Ⅰ型外加剂等配制的玻化微珠保温混凝土的导热系数、抗压强度等性能指标,成功研制出C10～C35强度等级、导热系数0.206~0.850W/(m·K)的玻化微珠保温混凝土;并针对试件破坏特征进行了分析,得出玻化微珠作为保温混凝土材料是可行的,能与混凝土的其他组成材料结合良好,具有施工可操作性。
(4)选定导热系数、抗压强度满足保温节能工程要求的三种配合比方案,对其棱柱体试件进行了单轴受压状态下的强度和变形试验研究;系统地分析了玻化微珠保温混凝土强度与变形的关系,得出了C25、C30、C35三种不同强度等级玻化微珠保温混凝土的单轴受压应力-应变本构关系,以及棱柱体抗压强度、应变、初始弹性模量、残余强度、延性等数值,为工程项目结构设计采用玻化微珠保温混凝土提供了理论依据。
(5)应用ANSYS大型分析软件,以太原市某21层剪力墙结构住宅为例,采用谱分析方法,对比了玻化微珠保温混凝土和普通混凝土剪力墙结构的抗震动力性能;为保证分析结果的可靠性,采用三条地震波数据对玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构进行了抗震时程分析。通过计算得到玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构的自振周期与对应的同阶普通混凝土剪力墙结构自振周期的关系;在反应谱和地震波作用下,玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构最大弹性层间位移角与规范规定的位移角限值的关系,底部最大剪力与对应的普通混凝土剪力墙结构底部最大剪力的关系。计算结果表明,玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙结构不仅能够满足抗震设计规范要求,而且有比普通混凝土剪力墙结构更好的抗震性能。
(6)应用DeST-h软件,针对寒冷地区与严寒地区的典型建筑物为研究对象,建立热工分析理论模型。模拟和对比了围护结构分别采用玻化微珠保温混凝土和普通混凝土结构时,空调季、采暖季及全年的单个房间、单个系统和整栋建筑的能耗情况。得出围护结构为玻化微珠保温混凝土建筑与对应的普通混凝土建筑在整个采暖季、整个空调季和全年热能消耗的关系,表明与课题所研制的玻化微珠保温混凝土建筑目前能够满足我国寒冷地区建筑节能65%、严寒地区建筑节能50%目标的要求。
(7)对玻化微珠保温混凝土结构的建筑物进行了技术经济分析计算。应用年成本法,对比分析了玻化微珠保温混凝土自保温系统与常用EPS板、XPS板、玻化微珠保温砂浆等保温系统的经济性;得出玻化微珠保温混凝土自保温系统比目前常用的其他保温节能系统技术先进、年成本大幅度降低的结论,从而证明玻化微珠保温混凝土具有很高的经济价值与推广应用价值。
通过理论分析和试验证明,玻化微珠保温混凝土是一种既具有一般混凝土的物理力学性能,同时又具有保温性能、绿色、环保的高效益生态建筑材料。建立在工程结构及热工性能设计基本理论和方法基础上,玻化微珠保温混凝土是一种同时满足工程结构受力以及保温节能要求的新型自保温建筑节能材料;使用玻化微珠保温混凝土保温系统具有整体性好、保温性能佳、综合性强等技术先进性,应用于有保温节能要求的多层及高层建筑物中是可行的。
本文研究的“玻化微珠保温混凝土”已获得国家知识产权局发明专利授权(ZL200610012726.2);该课题做为系列研究课题玻化微珠保温砂浆应用研究的重要组成部分,研究成果经山西省科技厅组织全国知名专家鉴定达到国际先进水平,并获山西省科技进步二等奖。
With the growing global energy crisis and the implement of the relevant policies of building energy-saving, development of seismic, economic and land-efficient construction structural system became an significant subject in Civil Engineering field. Under this context, material and structural test and theoretical analysis research is meaningful on new energy-saving building material, glazed hollow bead insulation concrete .
EPS board, XPS board, EPS powder particle, rigid polyurethane and other organic materials are main construction insulation materials in current construction markets.Furthermore, insulation engineering practice is that forming main structure of buildings, and then pasting or daubing insulation materials. These insulation system practices prolong construction process, increase construction costs, and have an unsatisfactory bearing and safety .Because of applyment of organic insulation materials, there existing some defects such as being easy to aging, impacting material using-span , resulting in different levels of indoor and outdoor environmental pollution and even increasing potential of building fire.For above reasons, pilot study was carried our from raw materials, blending ratio, basic mechanics, and thermal insulation performance of glazed hollow bead concrete in this paper, and theoretical simulation analysis of seismic and thermal performance of glazed hollow bead concrete was also done through combining specific projects. The details of research are mainly the followings:
(1)The theoretical analysis and test have been done from productional development and modification aspects of glazed hollow bead material, which have laid foundation for the research study of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete.
(2) According to the orthogonal design theory, the compressive strength and the thermal conductivity have been determined from 18 groups of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete specimen with different blending ratio, and then, the primary and secondary factors and sort results, that impact on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete, are analyzed. Through the regression analysis, the relationship equation between the content of glazed hollow bead which is mixed in the concrete and thermal conductivity has been set up.
(3) Based on the orthogonal test, the scheme that provides the optimal blending ratio has been selected to do further test. In following tests thermal conductivity, compressive strength and other performance indicators which belong to glazed hollow bead insulation concrete have been determined and damage characteristics of samples have also been analyzed,and then some important conclusions have been draw from that. The Portland cement grade 32.5, the aluminates cement grade 52.5, thickness of iron ore, thickness of turpentine rock tailings, admixtureⅠ, and others were adopted in confecting glazed hollow bead insulation concrete with different contents of glazed hollow bead.
(4) Three mix design that meet insulation requirements of the energy-saving project on coefficient of heat conductivity and compressive strength have been chosen. Under the uniaxial status, prism samples of above mix designs have been selected to do compression strength and deformation tests; Systemic analysis of the relationship between the strength and deformation for glazed hollow bead insulation concrete has been carried through, and some results have been provided,including the stress-strain constitutive relationship of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete with grades c25 to c35, prism compressive strength, strain, initial elastic modulus, residual strength, ductility, etc.
(5) By use of the finite element analysis program ANSYS ,this paper set a shear wall building in Taiyuan as an example, adopted spectral analysis method, and made a contrast in seismic dynamic performance between glazed hollow bead insulation concrete shear wall structure and ordinary concrete shear wall structure; In order to keep the reliability of analysis results, seismic time history analysis of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete, which adopted the data of three pieces of earthquake wave, has been carried on in this paper. The seismic behavior of this shear wall have been studied as compared with the common concrete shear wall. Through the analysis, some relationships that the natural vibration period relationship between glazed hollow bead shear wall structure and the corresponding band plain concrete shear wall structure, the relationship between maximum angles of drift of layers of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete and allowance for angles of drift which the provision limited, the relationship of shear of layers between glazed hollow bead insulation concrete shear wall structure and the corresponding plain concrete shear wall structure have been proven. It is concluded that the glazed hollow bead shear wall structure could not only meet requirements of Earthquake Resistant Design Code, but also obtain a better seismic performance than ordinary shear wall structure.
(6) Typical buildings in cold area and severe cold area were set as research objects , theoretical models for thermal analysis were also established in this paper through DeST-h software. The energy consumption situation of a single room , a single system and the entire building , which are in air-conditioning season, heating season and entire year situation, have been stimulated. The energy consumption between the building with glazed hollow bead insulation concrete structure and plain concrete structure are calculated separately. Based on the analysis about the energy consumption of entire heating season , air-conditioning season and overall year , the relationship of the energy consumption and the different envelope has been obtained. The results have indicated that glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction should be capable of meeting requirements of 65% of energy saving building in cold area and goals of 50% of building energy-saving in severe cold area in our country.
(7) The technology-economy analysis of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction have been proposed. The annual cost method was used to compare the economic efficiency in the glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction and the thermal insulation system of EPS, XPS , glazed hollow bead insulation mortar etc. The results show that construction of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete is more advanced than that of other insulation system.. The results also show that the annual cost of glazed hollow bead insulation concrete construction can be decreased.
Through theoretical analysis and tests, it can be proved that glazed hollow bead insulation concrete is a high-efficiency eco-environmental protection building material. The material is bearing general physical and mechanical properties of concrete, and it also has excellent thermal insulation performance.
Based on the basic theory and method of engineering structure and thermal performance analysis, it is feasible for glazed hollow bead insulation concrete to be applied in the multi-layer and high-rise building. The performance of thermal insulation can meet the requirement of energy conservation design standard.
‘Glazed hollow bead insulation concrete’in this paper has been authorized to obtain the invention patent(ZL200610012726.2) from State Intellectual Property Office; The project is an important part of series research topics of glazed hollow bead insulation mortar research. Identified by the domestic experts . this project has achieved "the international advanced level.", and won scientific and technological progress second prize of Shanxi Province.
引文
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