无线传感器网络在智能家居系统中的应用
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摘要
随着计算机、通信、网络、微电子、集成电路等技术的发展,信息技术的硬件环境和软件环境发生了巨大变化。这种变化使得通信和计算机构成的信息空间与人们生活和工作的物理空间正在逐渐融为一体。普适计算的思想就是在这种背景下产生的。无线传感器网络节点作为普适计算的一种信息设备,已经可以迅速搭建一个可灵活订制的智能化计算环境——普适计算环境。
本论文正是以智能家居系统为研究背景,首先介绍了无线传感器网络和智能家居的起源与发展,分析了一种无线联网技术——ZigBee,然后具体分析了目前智能家居系统的不足和室内环境对无线传感器网络技术的挑战。提出了基于无线传感器网络的新的智能家居网络的概念,从工程应用层面解决了室内环境中的电器互联问题。重点设计了无线传感器的节点,对其四个部分的设计做了详细论述,包括各个芯片之间的接口连接。针对无线传感器网络节点的节能问题,提出了从节点到系统的综合解决方法。对网络层的核心协议做了简单介绍,并且做了仿真。最后搭建了网络,并对智能家居系统的各个部分做了深入分析。展望了基于无线传感器网络智能家居系统的美好前景。
With the development of information technology including computer, communications, network, micro-electronics, integrated circuit, enormous changes happen in IT hardware environment and software environment. This changes cause the information space which the communications and the computer constitutes and people life of the work physical space to merge into an integral whole gradually. The Ubiquitous Computing thought is produced under this kind of background. The wireless sensor network node take the Ubiquitous Computing as one kind of information equipment, and has been already allowed to build the intellectualized computation environment which might nimbly order—Ubiquitous Computing environment quickly.
Taking the Intelligent Home System as the research background,the origin and development of the wireless sensor network and the Intelligent Home System are introduced firstly. Then, one kind of wireless network technology, ZigBee, is analysed. Then the present Intelligent Home System insufficiency and the indoor environment challenge to the wireless sensor network technology are analyzed specifically. The new intelligent home network concept based on the wireless sensor network is proposed. The electrical appliance interconnection problem in the indoor environment is solved practically. The wireless sensor network node is designed stressly, and its four partial detailed designs are elaborated, including each chip interface. Aming at the problem the energy conservation of the node, the new resolving way from node to system is brought forward. The network layer core protocol is introduced, and simulation is made too. Finally, the new network is built, and Intelligent Home System each part is presented. The magnificent prospect of Intelligent Home System based on the wireless sensor network is forecast.
本论文正是以智能家居系统为研究背景,首先介绍了无线传感器网络和智能家居的起源与发展,分析了一种无线联网技术——ZigBee,然后具体分析了目前智能家居系统的不足和室内环境对无线传感器网络技术的挑战。提出了基于无线传感器网络的新的智能家居网络的概念,从工程应用层面解决了室内环境中的电器互联问题。重点设计了无线传感器的节点,对其四个部分的设计做了详细论述,包括各个芯片之间的接口连接。针对无线传感器网络节点的节能问题,提出了从节点到系统的综合解决方法。对网络层的核心协议做了简单介绍,并且做了仿真。最后搭建了网络,并对智能家居系统的各个部分做了深入分析。展望了基于无线传感器网络智能家居系统的美好前景。
With the development of information technology including computer, communications, network, micro-electronics, integrated circuit, enormous changes happen in IT hardware environment and software environment. This changes cause the information space which the communications and the computer constitutes and people life of the work physical space to merge into an integral whole gradually. The Ubiquitous Computing thought is produced under this kind of background. The wireless sensor network node take the Ubiquitous Computing as one kind of information equipment, and has been already allowed to build the intellectualized computation environment which might nimbly order—Ubiquitous Computing environment quickly.
Taking the Intelligent Home System as the research background,the origin and development of the wireless sensor network and the Intelligent Home System are introduced firstly. Then, one kind of wireless network technology, ZigBee, is analysed. Then the present Intelligent Home System insufficiency and the indoor environment challenge to the wireless sensor network technology are analyzed specifically. The new intelligent home network concept based on the wireless sensor network is proposed. The electrical appliance interconnection problem in the indoor environment is solved practically. The wireless sensor network node is designed stressly, and its four partial detailed designs are elaborated, including each chip interface. Aming at the problem the energy conservation of the node, the new resolving way from node to system is brought forward. The network layer core protocol is introduced, and simulation is made too. Finally, the new network is built, and Intelligent Home System each part is presented. The magnificent prospect of Intelligent Home System based on the wireless sensor network is forecast.
引文
1 Mark Weiser,The Computer for 21st Century,Scientific American,Sept 1991,pp. 94-104.
2 Michael H. Coen, Brenton Phillips, Nimrod Warshawsky, Luke Weisman,Stephen Peters, and Peter Finin,Meeting the Computational Needs of Intelligent Environments: The Metaglue System,Proceedings of MANSE'99. Dublin, Ireland, 1999.
3 Garlan D. Siewiorek D. P. Smailagic A, Steenkiste P. Project Aura:Toward distraction free pervasive computing. IEEE Pervasive Computing , 2002 , 1 (2) :22-31
4 Johanson B.Fox A.,Winograd T.The interactive workspaces project: Experiences with ubiquitous computing rooms.IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2002 ,1 (2):67-75
5 Estrin D,Govindan R,Heidemann J S,Kumar S. Next century challenges Scalable coordinate in sensor network. Proc 5th ACM/IEEE Int’I Conf on Mobile Computing and Networking.1999.263-270
6 李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展.软件学报 2003, 14(10):1717-1727
7 Polastre J,Szewczyk R,Mainwaring A,Culler D,Anderson J. Analysis of wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring. Wire Sensor Networks,2004.399-423
8 TinyOS http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc
9 Heidemann J, Silva F, Intanagonwiwat C. Building efficient wireless sensor networks with low level naming. In: Marzullo K, ed. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles. NewYork: ACM Press, 2001.146-159.
10 任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络.软件学报,2003,14(07):1282-1291
11 Jeff Foerster, Ultra -wideband Technology for Short - Range, High -Rate Wireless Communications, Oct. 2002
12 刘桂红.家庭无线传感器网络的设计与实现.北京师范大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
13 蒋仙华.智能家居系统的研究与开发.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
14 弓雷鸣.基于网络的智能家居管理系统.河北工业大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
15 Frodigh M ,Johansson P, Larsson P, Wireless Ad hoc networking--the art of networking Without a network, Ericsson review, 2000(4)
16 雷震甲主编.网络工程师教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
17 Estrin D, Govindan R, Heidemann J, et al. Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor network. Proc of ACM Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. Washington, USA, 1999.263-270.
18 于海滨,曾鹏,王忠锋,梁英,尚志军.分布式无线传感器网络通信协议研究.通信学报,2004,25(10):102-110
19 刘刚,周兴社,谷建华,李志刚.自组织、自适应无线传感器网络理论研究.计算机应用研究,2005(5):31-32
20 焦正,吴明红,王德庆.分布式传感器网络研究进展.传感器世界,2004,10:6-10
21 马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述.通信学报,2004,25(4):114-124
22 崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇,李天璞,刘巍,赵泽.无线传感器网络研究进展.计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1):163-174
23 IEEE Standards 802. 15. 4 - 2003,Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs)
24 N .Golmie, D .Cypher, R .E .Van Dyck A .Soltanian, Performance Evaluation and Modeling of Wireless Personal Area Networks, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899,USA
25 William Stallings 著,何军 译.无线通信与网络.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
26 Bluetooth SIG. Bluetooth Specification. http://www.bluetooth.com
27 ZigBeeAlliance.ZigBeeOverview:ZigBeeAlliance-IEEE-CustomerRalationship.
http://www.zigbee.org/documents/ZigBeeOverview4.pdf
28 ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Overview: ZigBee Stack System Requirements http :// www.zigbee.org/docwnents/ZigBee0verview4.pdf
29 ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Overview the ZigBee Alliance Target Marckets. http :// www.zigbee.org/documents/ZigBee0verview4.pdf
30 ZigBee Alliance.0ur Members.http://www.zigbee.org/about/members.asp
31 郑霖,曾志民,万济萍,王建明.基于 IEEE802.15.4 标准的无线传感器网络.传感器技术,2005,24(7):68-88
32 Kwang-il Hwang. A Study on Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network System to constitute wireless home networking.JCC12003.
33 Karayannis G. Standards-based wireless networking alternatives.Sensors,2003,20(12):1-6
34 Howitt I,Gutierrez J A. IEEE 802. 15. 4 low rate-wireless personal area network coexistence issues. Wireless Communications and Networking,2003,(3):1481 - 1486
35 Ed Callaway,Paul Gorday,Lance Hester,et al.Home Networking with IEEE 802.15.4:A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,Aug,2002:69-77
36 王权平,王莉.ZigBee 技术简析.通信世界,2003,(4):41-43
37 Pilsoon Choi.An Experimental Coin-Sized Radio for Extremely Low-Power WPAN (IEEE 802.15.4) Application at 2.4GHz.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2003,38(12)
38 中国 ZigBee 联盟.ZigBee 技术探析,2004,8
39 Tilak S, Abu-Ghazaleh NB, Heinzelman W. A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models.Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2002,1(2):1-8
40 Akyildiz LF, Su WL, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(8):102-114
41 纪阳,张平.无线传感器网络的体系结构.中兴通讯技术,2005,11(4):32-35
42 J.M.Kahn,R.H.Katz,and K.S.J.Pister,Emerging Challenges:Mobile Networking for Smart Dust. J.of Commun.and Networks,September 2000,2(3):188-196
43 周正.无线传感器网络的节点自定位技术.中兴通讯技术,2005,11(4):51-56
44 石军锋,钟先信,陈帅,邵小良.无线传感器网络结构及特点分析.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(2):16-19
45 Zhao J, Govindan R. Computing aggregates for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In: Ekici E, ed. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2003. 37-48
46 孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社,2005,5
47 于海滨,曾鹏,梁骅.智能无线传感器网络系统.北京:科学出版社,2006,1
48 ATmega128(L)datasheet. Atmel Corporation,2001.http://www.atmel.com
49 何希才.传感器及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001,1
50 Chipcon AS.CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet(rev 1.2).2004.6.9
51 王秀梅,刘乃安.2.4GHz 射频芯片 CC2420 实现 ZigBee 无线通信设计.国外电子元器件,2005,3:59-62
52 Chris Karlof,Yaping Li,Joseph Polastre.ARRIVE: Algorithm for Robust Routing in Volatile Environments.Report No.UCB//CSD-03-1233 March 2003 Computer Science Division(EECS) Universit of California Berkeley, California 94720.
53 Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan and Deborah Estrin, Directed Difusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks, in Proceedings of the Sixth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks(MobiCom2 000),August 2000,Boston,Mssachusetts
54 缪强.无线传感器网络研究与实现.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
55 Charles Perkins, Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers,ACM SIGCOMM'94 Conference on Communications Architectures,Protocols and Applications,1994
56 Perkins,C .E .and Royer,E.M;Ad–hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications(WMCSA'99),NewOrleans,LA,USA,February 1999:90-100
57 Hill J,Szewczyk R,Woo A,Hollar S,Culler D E,Pister K S J,System architecture directions for networked sensors. In: Proc Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 2000.93-104
58 Matt Wilczynski, Gregory J.Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS): Distributed In Situ Sensing for Mission and Flight Systems Sandeep Vardhan, Pottie, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095 IEEE 2000
59 虞万荣,徐为.节能优化技术.计算机世界报,第 40 期,B10,B11
60 Sinhua A, Chandrakasan A. Dynamic power management in wireless sensor network. IEEE Design and Test of Computer, 2001, 18(2):62-74
61 Lm C, Kim H, Ha S. Dynamic voltage scheduling technique for low-power multimedia application using buffers. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. California: ACM Portal Press, 2001. 34-39. http://eeserver.korea.ac.kr/~bk21/arch/bk21conf/26.pdf.
62 信息产业部.《家庭网络系统技术规范》标准草案,2003 年
63 王建明,毋云龙,管勇,许珺,郦亮.智能建筑.2004,11,P36
64 郑南.支持无线网络传感器的超微型操作系统 ZUOS 研究与应用.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
65 徐光佑,史元春,谢伟凯.普适计算.计算机学报, 2003,26(9): 1042-1050
2 Michael H. Coen, Brenton Phillips, Nimrod Warshawsky, Luke Weisman,Stephen Peters, and Peter Finin,Meeting the Computational Needs of Intelligent Environments: The Metaglue System,Proceedings of MANSE'99. Dublin, Ireland, 1999.
3 Garlan D. Siewiorek D. P. Smailagic A, Steenkiste P. Project Aura:Toward distraction free pervasive computing. IEEE Pervasive Computing , 2002 , 1 (2) :22-31
4 Johanson B.Fox A.,Winograd T.The interactive workspaces project: Experiences with ubiquitous computing rooms.IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2002 ,1 (2):67-75
5 Estrin D,Govindan R,Heidemann J S,Kumar S. Next century challenges Scalable coordinate in sensor network. Proc 5th ACM/IEEE Int’I Conf on Mobile Computing and Networking.1999.263-270
6 李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展.软件学报 2003, 14(10):1717-1727
7 Polastre J,Szewczyk R,Mainwaring A,Culler D,Anderson J. Analysis of wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring. Wire Sensor Networks,2004.399-423
8 TinyOS http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc
9 Heidemann J, Silva F, Intanagonwiwat C. Building efficient wireless sensor networks with low level naming. In: Marzullo K, ed. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles. NewYork: ACM Press, 2001.146-159.
10 任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络.软件学报,2003,14(07):1282-1291
11 Jeff Foerster, Ultra -wideband Technology for Short - Range, High -Rate Wireless Communications, Oct. 2002
12 刘桂红.家庭无线传感器网络的设计与实现.北京师范大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
13 蒋仙华.智能家居系统的研究与开发.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
14 弓雷鸣.基于网络的智能家居管理系统.河北工业大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
15 Frodigh M ,Johansson P, Larsson P, Wireless Ad hoc networking--the art of networking Without a network, Ericsson review, 2000(4)
16 雷震甲主编.网络工程师教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
17 Estrin D, Govindan R, Heidemann J, et al. Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor network. Proc of ACM Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. Washington, USA, 1999.263-270.
18 于海滨,曾鹏,王忠锋,梁英,尚志军.分布式无线传感器网络通信协议研究.通信学报,2004,25(10):102-110
19 刘刚,周兴社,谷建华,李志刚.自组织、自适应无线传感器网络理论研究.计算机应用研究,2005(5):31-32
20 焦正,吴明红,王德庆.分布式传感器网络研究进展.传感器世界,2004,10:6-10
21 马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述.通信学报,2004,25(4):114-124
22 崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇,李天璞,刘巍,赵泽.无线传感器网络研究进展.计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1):163-174
23 IEEE Standards 802. 15. 4 - 2003,Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs)
24 N .Golmie, D .Cypher, R .E .Van Dyck A .Soltanian, Performance Evaluation and Modeling of Wireless Personal Area Networks, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899,USA
25 William Stallings 著,何军 译.无线通信与网络.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
26 Bluetooth SIG. Bluetooth Specification. http://www.bluetooth.com
27 ZigBeeAlliance.ZigBeeOverview:ZigBeeAlliance-IEEE-CustomerRalationship.
http://www.zigbee.org/documents/ZigBeeOverview4.pdf
28 ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Overview: ZigBee Stack System Requirements http :// www.zigbee.org/docwnents/ZigBee0verview4.pdf
29 ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Overview the ZigBee Alliance Target Marckets. http :// www.zigbee.org/documents/ZigBee0verview4.pdf
30 ZigBee Alliance.0ur Members.http://www.zigbee.org/about/members.asp
31 郑霖,曾志民,万济萍,王建明.基于 IEEE802.15.4 标准的无线传感器网络.传感器技术,2005,24(7):68-88
32 Kwang-il Hwang. A Study on Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network System to constitute wireless home networking.JCC12003.
33 Karayannis G. Standards-based wireless networking alternatives.Sensors,2003,20(12):1-6
34 Howitt I,Gutierrez J A. IEEE 802. 15. 4 low rate-wireless personal area network coexistence issues. Wireless Communications and Networking,2003,(3):1481 - 1486
35 Ed Callaway,Paul Gorday,Lance Hester,et al.Home Networking with IEEE 802.15.4:A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,Aug,2002:69-77
36 王权平,王莉.ZigBee 技术简析.通信世界,2003,(4):41-43
37 Pilsoon Choi.An Experimental Coin-Sized Radio for Extremely Low-Power WPAN (IEEE 802.15.4) Application at 2.4GHz.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2003,38(12)
38 中国 ZigBee 联盟.ZigBee 技术探析,2004,8
39 Tilak S, Abu-Ghazaleh NB, Heinzelman W. A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models.Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2002,1(2):1-8
40 Akyildiz LF, Su WL, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(8):102-114
41 纪阳,张平.无线传感器网络的体系结构.中兴通讯技术,2005,11(4):32-35
42 J.M.Kahn,R.H.Katz,and K.S.J.Pister,Emerging Challenges:Mobile Networking for Smart Dust. J.of Commun.and Networks,September 2000,2(3):188-196
43 周正.无线传感器网络的节点自定位技术.中兴通讯技术,2005,11(4):51-56
44 石军锋,钟先信,陈帅,邵小良.无线传感器网络结构及特点分析.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(2):16-19
45 Zhao J, Govindan R. Computing aggregates for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In: Ekici E, ed. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2003. 37-48
46 孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社,2005,5
47 于海滨,曾鹏,梁骅.智能无线传感器网络系统.北京:科学出版社,2006,1
48 ATmega128(L)datasheet. Atmel Corporation,2001.http://www.atmel.com
49 何希才.传感器及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001,1
50 Chipcon AS.CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet(rev 1.2).2004.6.9
51 王秀梅,刘乃安.2.4GHz 射频芯片 CC2420 实现 ZigBee 无线通信设计.国外电子元器件,2005,3:59-62
52 Chris Karlof,Yaping Li,Joseph Polastre.ARRIVE: Algorithm for Robust Routing in Volatile Environments.Report No.UCB//CSD-03-1233 March 2003 Computer Science Division(EECS) Universit of California Berkeley, California 94720.
53 Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan and Deborah Estrin, Directed Difusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks, in Proceedings of the Sixth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks(MobiCom2 000),August 2000,Boston,Mssachusetts
54 缪强.无线传感器网络研究与实现.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004,3
55 Charles Perkins, Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers,ACM SIGCOMM'94 Conference on Communications Architectures,Protocols and Applications,1994
56 Perkins,C .E .and Royer,E.M;Ad–hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications(WMCSA'99),NewOrleans,LA,USA,February 1999:90-100
57 Hill J,Szewczyk R,Woo A,Hollar S,Culler D E,Pister K S J,System architecture directions for networked sensors. In: Proc Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 2000.93-104
58 Matt Wilczynski, Gregory J.Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS): Distributed In Situ Sensing for Mission and Flight Systems Sandeep Vardhan, Pottie, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095 IEEE 2000
59 虞万荣,徐为.节能优化技术.计算机世界报,第 40 期,B10,B11
60 Sinhua A, Chandrakasan A. Dynamic power management in wireless sensor network. IEEE Design and Test of Computer, 2001, 18(2):62-74
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