技术进步与山西煤炭产业转型发展研究
|
摘要
被称为“煤海”的山西作为能源大省,为我国的经济发展做出了重要贡献。但从其发展的历程来看,主要是依靠不断增加投入、以过高的资源消费为代价来实现经济的快速增长。这种只求数量、不重质量的粗放型能源消费及开发模式和经济增长方式,不仅制约了山西煤炭及相关能源产业的发展,更重要的是限制了山西经济的持续发展和环境的协调保护。
一般而言,影响煤炭等资源型产业发展的基本要素可以分为三大类:劳动力、资本、技术。就劳动这一要素而言,山西省煤炭产业作为全省的支柱产业能够吸纳大量富余劳动力,一定程度上解决了就业问题。但是,劳动资源的大量投入所换来的产出增加却不多。根据内生增长理论,劳动要素受边际收益递减规律的制约,由于劳动力的整体素质不高,随着劳动投入的增加,到了一定程度后劳动投入给山西煤炭产业所带来的收益的增加将非常有限。这也说明,要想推动山西省煤炭产业的发展,仅仅单纯地依靠增加劳动投入量是难以实现的,劳动力要素不可能决定山西煤炭产业的长期经济增长。就资本这一要素而言,山西省煤炭工业的资本产出弹性要明显高于劳动产出弹性,虽然现阶段,山西省煤炭产业依靠资本的不断积累仍然是煤炭工业增加值增长的重要因素,但是资本也和劳动要素一样,受边际收益递减规律的制约,而且从数据测算结果来看,资本对经济的贡献已经处于下降阶段。因此,从长期来看资本要素也不可能在山西煤炭产业转型及发展中起到决定作用。随着新技术转化为实际生产力的能力不断提高,技术进步因素对山西煤炭产业转型发展的促进作用越来越明显。而且技术进步对煤炭产业经济增长的促进是一种内涵的扩大再生产,相比资本和劳动要素而言,这一要素更应该引起我们的重视和关注。由此得出结论,山西煤炭产业的转型发展主要是以资金和技术推动的产业。特别是在目前山西煤炭资源整合的背景下,研究技术进步与山西煤炭产业转型发展,有一定的理论价值和现实意义。
技术进步的途径包括技术引进和技术创新两大类。论文借鉴技术进步和产业转型的相关理论,采用理论与实践相结合、规范分析与实证研究相结合、定性与定量相结合的方法,选择了1998年到2007年的数据测算出技术进步是山西煤炭产业转型发展的主要推动力,并结合山西煤炭产业的实际,认为山西煤炭产业在转型发展过程中面临着市场集中度低、行业整体素质不高、资源浪费严重、安全问题突出等困难,提出应在抓好技术引进的前提下做好集成创新研究,实现近期内的“小转型”的目标,为长远山西煤炭产业的“大转型”奠定良好基础。具体应该采取重视人才开发、继续推动煤炭资源整合、充分利用煤基气态能源等措施。
Shanxi province, known as“sea of coal”, is rich in energy and has made great contribution to the national economical development. But judging from its development course, it mainly depends on the unceasing investment and at the cost of high consumption to realize fast economical growth. Such kind of development pattern and economical increasing way of extensive energy consumption that pays attention to quantity while neglecting quality, has not only restricted the development of coal and relevant energy industry, but also limited the continual development of economy and the coordinated environment protection of Shanxi province.
Generally speaking, basic elements which might affect coal and other resource-based industry can be classified into three categories: labor, capital and technology. In respect of labor, coal industry in Shanxi province serves as the pillar industry and employs a large number of surplus labors; to some extent, it solves the employment problem. However, large investment on labor resources doesn’t bring in enough output increase. According to the endogenous growth theory, the element of labor is affected by the law of diminishing marginal returns, because of the constraints of the overall low quality of the labor force, with the increase in labor input, to a certain extent, the profit increase from labor input to the coal industry will be very limited. This means that if we want to promote the development of Shanxi coal industry, it is difficult to achieve by simply relying on increasing labor input. Labor is not possible to determine the long-term economic growth of coal industry. Concerned about capital, the capital-output flexibility of coal industry in Shanxi province is obviously higher than labor-output flexibility. At present, although capital accumulation is still an important factor in the growth of value in the coal industry coal industry in Shanxi province, capital and labor are governed by the law of diminishing marginal returns, and from the results of data calculation, economic contribution of capital is already descent. Therefore, capital can not play a decisive role in the restructuring and development in the coal industry in the long term. With the improved ability on productivity from new technology, technological progress is becoming increasingly important on the restructuring development of coal industry. And technological advancement is a connotation of reproduction on the promotion of economic growth in coal industry. Compared with capital and labor, it should attract our attention and concern. It can be concluded that the restructuring development of coal industry should mainly depend on capital and technology. Particularly, in the background of current coal resource consolidation, researching on technological progress and restructuring development of coal industry has certain theoretical and practical significance.
Technical advancement includes the introduction of technology and technological innovation. This thesis draws related theory from technological advancement and industrial transformation, using the combination of theory and practice, specification analysis and empirical study, and qualitative and quantitative methods. It selects the data from 1998 to 2007 and concludes that technological advancement the primary factor in the restructuring of coal industry. Combining with the actual situation of coal industry, it proposes that the coal industry, in the transformational process, is facing with low market concentration, the industry's overall quality, waste of resources, safety issues. This thesis puts forward that at the precondition of technical introduction, innovative research should be accomplished well to achieve the near-term objective and settle good foundation for the great transformation in the long run. Specific measures should be focusing on talent development, continuing promoting coal resource consolidation, making full use of coal gas energy, etc.
一般而言,影响煤炭等资源型产业发展的基本要素可以分为三大类:劳动力、资本、技术。就劳动这一要素而言,山西省煤炭产业作为全省的支柱产业能够吸纳大量富余劳动力,一定程度上解决了就业问题。但是,劳动资源的大量投入所换来的产出增加却不多。根据内生增长理论,劳动要素受边际收益递减规律的制约,由于劳动力的整体素质不高,随着劳动投入的增加,到了一定程度后劳动投入给山西煤炭产业所带来的收益的增加将非常有限。这也说明,要想推动山西省煤炭产业的发展,仅仅单纯地依靠增加劳动投入量是难以实现的,劳动力要素不可能决定山西煤炭产业的长期经济增长。就资本这一要素而言,山西省煤炭工业的资本产出弹性要明显高于劳动产出弹性,虽然现阶段,山西省煤炭产业依靠资本的不断积累仍然是煤炭工业增加值增长的重要因素,但是资本也和劳动要素一样,受边际收益递减规律的制约,而且从数据测算结果来看,资本对经济的贡献已经处于下降阶段。因此,从长期来看资本要素也不可能在山西煤炭产业转型及发展中起到决定作用。随着新技术转化为实际生产力的能力不断提高,技术进步因素对山西煤炭产业转型发展的促进作用越来越明显。而且技术进步对煤炭产业经济增长的促进是一种内涵的扩大再生产,相比资本和劳动要素而言,这一要素更应该引起我们的重视和关注。由此得出结论,山西煤炭产业的转型发展主要是以资金和技术推动的产业。特别是在目前山西煤炭资源整合的背景下,研究技术进步与山西煤炭产业转型发展,有一定的理论价值和现实意义。
技术进步的途径包括技术引进和技术创新两大类。论文借鉴技术进步和产业转型的相关理论,采用理论与实践相结合、规范分析与实证研究相结合、定性与定量相结合的方法,选择了1998年到2007年的数据测算出技术进步是山西煤炭产业转型发展的主要推动力,并结合山西煤炭产业的实际,认为山西煤炭产业在转型发展过程中面临着市场集中度低、行业整体素质不高、资源浪费严重、安全问题突出等困难,提出应在抓好技术引进的前提下做好集成创新研究,实现近期内的“小转型”的目标,为长远山西煤炭产业的“大转型”奠定良好基础。具体应该采取重视人才开发、继续推动煤炭资源整合、充分利用煤基气态能源等措施。
Shanxi province, known as“sea of coal”, is rich in energy and has made great contribution to the national economical development. But judging from its development course, it mainly depends on the unceasing investment and at the cost of high consumption to realize fast economical growth. Such kind of development pattern and economical increasing way of extensive energy consumption that pays attention to quantity while neglecting quality, has not only restricted the development of coal and relevant energy industry, but also limited the continual development of economy and the coordinated environment protection of Shanxi province.
Generally speaking, basic elements which might affect coal and other resource-based industry can be classified into three categories: labor, capital and technology. In respect of labor, coal industry in Shanxi province serves as the pillar industry and employs a large number of surplus labors; to some extent, it solves the employment problem. However, large investment on labor resources doesn’t bring in enough output increase. According to the endogenous growth theory, the element of labor is affected by the law of diminishing marginal returns, because of the constraints of the overall low quality of the labor force, with the increase in labor input, to a certain extent, the profit increase from labor input to the coal industry will be very limited. This means that if we want to promote the development of Shanxi coal industry, it is difficult to achieve by simply relying on increasing labor input. Labor is not possible to determine the long-term economic growth of coal industry. Concerned about capital, the capital-output flexibility of coal industry in Shanxi province is obviously higher than labor-output flexibility. At present, although capital accumulation is still an important factor in the growth of value in the coal industry coal industry in Shanxi province, capital and labor are governed by the law of diminishing marginal returns, and from the results of data calculation, economic contribution of capital is already descent. Therefore, capital can not play a decisive role in the restructuring and development in the coal industry in the long term. With the improved ability on productivity from new technology, technological progress is becoming increasingly important on the restructuring development of coal industry. And technological advancement is a connotation of reproduction on the promotion of economic growth in coal industry. Compared with capital and labor, it should attract our attention and concern. It can be concluded that the restructuring development of coal industry should mainly depend on capital and technology. Particularly, in the background of current coal resource consolidation, researching on technological progress and restructuring development of coal industry has certain theoretical and practical significance.
Technical advancement includes the introduction of technology and technological innovation. This thesis draws related theory from technological advancement and industrial transformation, using the combination of theory and practice, specification analysis and empirical study, and qualitative and quantitative methods. It selects the data from 1998 to 2007 and concludes that technological advancement the primary factor in the restructuring of coal industry. Combining with the actual situation of coal industry, it proposes that the coal industry, in the transformational process, is facing with low market concentration, the industry's overall quality, waste of resources, safety issues. This thesis puts forward that at the precondition of technical introduction, innovative research should be accomplished well to achieve the near-term objective and settle good foundation for the great transformation in the long run. Specific measures should be focusing on talent development, continuing promoting coal resource consolidation, making full use of coal gas energy, etc.
引文
1本文后面的章节要在数据方面论证,山西的煤炭产业属于资本、技术推动的产业。
2霍雅勤,王瑛测算的中国采矿业中技术进步贡献率仅为26.59%,发达国家同一指标一般在60%左右。
3陈琳,技术进步与经济增长,信阳师范学院学报,2001.1
4弗农,产品周期中的国际投资与国际贸易,1966
5参见王喜莲,张金锁《技术进步对煤炭产业经济增长的贡献率研究》,矿业研究与开发第29卷第1期
6 Rudiger Dornbusch,Stanley Fischer,Richard Startz,Macroeconomics(Seventh Edition)
7史清琪,秦宝庭,陈警:《技术进步与经济增长》,北京科学技术文献出版社,1985
【1】秦德先,刘春学,矿产资源经济学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002
【2】赵新宇,不可再生资源可持续利用的经济学分析[D],吉林大学,2006
【3】张米尔,市场化进程中的资源型城市产业转型[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
【4】穆东,杜志平,煤炭企业技术进步的评价与对策[J].系统工程理论与实践,1996,10
【5】霍雅勤,王瑛,技术进步对中国矿产资源采掘业产出的贡献[J].中国矿业,2005,3
【6】丁哲新,我国煤炭行业的技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长[J].科技管理研究,2009(3)
【7】陈林杰,我国煤炭业经济增长影响因素分析与基于科技进步的发展战略[J].科技与经济,2009,4
【8】韩莹,技术进步对我国经济增长贡献率的测定及实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2008(4)
【9】刘友金,煤炭工业技术进步的主成分分析[J].湘潭工学院学报(社会科学版),2000,6
【10】李冠,煤炭企业物资供应系统技术进步测算方法研究[J].山东矿业学院学报,1998,6
【11】彭水军,包群,赖明勇,自然资源耗竭、内生技术进步与经济可持续发展[J].上海经济研究,2005
【12】高新才,何苑,资源枯竭型城市技术进步与就业的相关分析[J].新疆财经,2006(4)
【13】陈耀明,钟登华,资源型城市技术进步内在动因探讨[J].科技进步与对策,2008,6
【14】庞保成,张大中,矿产资源最优耗竭的经济学分析[J],资源与产业,2006
【15】杨海生,周永章,杨小强,王树功,不确定条件下矿产资源的最优开采[J],资源开发与市场2005
【16】杨志刚,国有煤炭企业产业转型后的发展战略调整,河北煤炭,2007年第六期
【17】黄天浩,加快结构调整步伐推动煤炭城市功能转型[J],2001
【18】牛冲槐,白建新,山西煤炭资源型城市产业转型的思考[J].中国能源,2003,(7)
【19】于立,孟韬,李姝,资源枯竭型国有企业退出途径:产业转型问题研究[J].资源·产业,2004,(5).
【20】潘伟志,中心城市产业转型初探[J].兰州学刊,2004,(5).
【21】王喜莲,张金锁,技术进步对煤炭产业经济增长的贡献率研究[J].矿业研究与开发第29卷第1期
【22】王德鲁,周敏.基于生态观的产业转型中价值转化模型构建[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,(5)
【23】凌文昌,邓伟根.产业转型与中国经济增长[J].中国工业经济,2004,(12)
【24】杨国良,西部地区的产业转型障碍——兼论成都市的产业结构调整[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(4):
【25】李国平,黄国勇,产业转型的国内研究综述,2006,4
【26】Kamien M L, Schwartz N L. Optimal Exhaustible Resource Depletion with EndogenousTechnicalChange[J].Review of Economic Studies,1978,45(139).
【27】Hotelling H. The Economics of Exhaustible Resources[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1931.
【28】Davison R. Optimal Depletion of an Exhaustible Resource with Research and Development towards an Alternative Technology[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 1978,45(140).
【29】Tsur Y, Zemel A. Optimal Transition to Backstop Substitutes for nonrenewable Resources[J]. Journal Economic Dynamics & Control,2003,27(4).
【30】Dasgupta P, Heal G. The Optimal Depletion of Exhaustible Resources[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 1974,41(128).
【31】Dasgupta P, Stiglitz J. Resource Depletion under Technological Uncertainty[J]. Econometrica, 1981,49(1).
【32】Hoel M. Resource Extraction when a Future Substitute has an Uncertain Cost[J]. Review of economic Studies,1978,45(141).
【33】Oren S S, Powell S G. Optimal Supply of a Depletable Resource with a Backstop Technology: Heal’s Theorem Revisited [J]. OperationsResearch, 1985,33(2).
2霍雅勤,王瑛测算的中国采矿业中技术进步贡献率仅为26.59%,发达国家同一指标一般在60%左右。
3陈琳,技术进步与经济增长,信阳师范学院学报,2001.1
4弗农,产品周期中的国际投资与国际贸易,1966
5参见王喜莲,张金锁《技术进步对煤炭产业经济增长的贡献率研究》,矿业研究与开发第29卷第1期
6 Rudiger Dornbusch,Stanley Fischer,Richard Startz,Macroeconomics(Seventh Edition)
7史清琪,秦宝庭,陈警:《技术进步与经济增长》,北京科学技术文献出版社,1985
【1】秦德先,刘春学,矿产资源经济学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002
【2】赵新宇,不可再生资源可持续利用的经济学分析[D],吉林大学,2006
【3】张米尔,市场化进程中的资源型城市产业转型[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
【4】穆东,杜志平,煤炭企业技术进步的评价与对策[J].系统工程理论与实践,1996,10
【5】霍雅勤,王瑛,技术进步对中国矿产资源采掘业产出的贡献[J].中国矿业,2005,3
【6】丁哲新,我国煤炭行业的技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长[J].科技管理研究,2009(3)
【7】陈林杰,我国煤炭业经济增长影响因素分析与基于科技进步的发展战略[J].科技与经济,2009,4
【8】韩莹,技术进步对我国经济增长贡献率的测定及实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2008(4)
【9】刘友金,煤炭工业技术进步的主成分分析[J].湘潭工学院学报(社会科学版),2000,6
【10】李冠,煤炭企业物资供应系统技术进步测算方法研究[J].山东矿业学院学报,1998,6
【11】彭水军,包群,赖明勇,自然资源耗竭、内生技术进步与经济可持续发展[J].上海经济研究,2005
【12】高新才,何苑,资源枯竭型城市技术进步与就业的相关分析[J].新疆财经,2006(4)
【13】陈耀明,钟登华,资源型城市技术进步内在动因探讨[J].科技进步与对策,2008,6
【14】庞保成,张大中,矿产资源最优耗竭的经济学分析[J],资源与产业,2006
【15】杨海生,周永章,杨小强,王树功,不确定条件下矿产资源的最优开采[J],资源开发与市场2005
【16】杨志刚,国有煤炭企业产业转型后的发展战略调整,河北煤炭,2007年第六期
【17】黄天浩,加快结构调整步伐推动煤炭城市功能转型[J],2001
【18】牛冲槐,白建新,山西煤炭资源型城市产业转型的思考[J].中国能源,2003,(7)
【19】于立,孟韬,李姝,资源枯竭型国有企业退出途径:产业转型问题研究[J].资源·产业,2004,(5).
【20】潘伟志,中心城市产业转型初探[J].兰州学刊,2004,(5).
【21】王喜莲,张金锁,技术进步对煤炭产业经济增长的贡献率研究[J].矿业研究与开发第29卷第1期
【22】王德鲁,周敏.基于生态观的产业转型中价值转化模型构建[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,(5)
【23】凌文昌,邓伟根.产业转型与中国经济增长[J].中国工业经济,2004,(12)
【24】杨国良,西部地区的产业转型障碍——兼论成都市的产业结构调整[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(4):
【25】李国平,黄国勇,产业转型的国内研究综述,2006,4
【26】Kamien M L, Schwartz N L. Optimal Exhaustible Resource Depletion with EndogenousTechnicalChange[J].Review of Economic Studies,1978,45(139).
【27】Hotelling H. The Economics of Exhaustible Resources[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1931.
【28】Davison R. Optimal Depletion of an Exhaustible Resource with Research and Development towards an Alternative Technology[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 1978,45(140).
【29】Tsur Y, Zemel A. Optimal Transition to Backstop Substitutes for nonrenewable Resources[J]. Journal Economic Dynamics & Control,2003,27(4).
【30】Dasgupta P, Heal G. The Optimal Depletion of Exhaustible Resources[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 1974,41(128).
【31】Dasgupta P, Stiglitz J. Resource Depletion under Technological Uncertainty[J]. Econometrica, 1981,49(1).
【32】Hoel M. Resource Extraction when a Future Substitute has an Uncertain Cost[J]. Review of economic Studies,1978,45(141).
【33】Oren S S, Powell S G. Optimal Supply of a Depletable Resource with a Backstop Technology: Heal’s Theorem Revisited [J]. OperationsResearch, 1985,33(2).
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |