煤矿安全事故成因分析及预警管理研究
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摘要
安全管理是煤矿企业管理的一个重要组成部分,日益在煤矿企业整体管理活动中占据了愈来愈重要的地位。预警管理运用预先控制的新思维结合安全管理理论提出新的煤矿管理模式,如何构建出一套切实有效的安全管理预警系统来保证煤矿企业安全生产,是安全管理的一个重要问题。
煤炭行业是我国的支柱产业,我国能源消耗的三分之二都来自煤炭。自从1990年以来我国每年的煤炭产量居世界首位。伴随着煤炭开采量的不断增加,安全问题变得越来越出,重大特大事故时有发生,再加上煤矿企业生产所具有的特殊作业环境,致使生产过程中潜在着比一般行业更大的危险性和不安全因素。据统计,建国50多年来,煤矿生产中因安全管理不善而引起的各类安全事故,以及由此造成的各种损失累计达5000多亿元,从而严重影响着煤矿生产的稳定运行。这一切均警示了煤矿安全生产的严峻形势和提高煤矿安全管理水平的迫切性和必要性。
本论文正是基于上述背景条件下展开的。针对煤矿企业安全生产的特点,以事故致因理论、预警理论为指导,通过对煤矿安全事故的统计分析,在煤矿事故致因模型的基础上,提出导致煤矿安全事故发生的三个层次原因,即本质原因、直接原因、根本原因,指出安全管理是导致煤矿事故发生的本质原因,为后面预警系统的构建提供基础。通过严格控制导致煤矿安全事故发生的原因层来作为构建煤矿安全预警管理系统的基石,及时排除煤矿企业组织管理中的不安全因素,防止伤亡事故的发生。文章主要思路：通过说明安全问题是影响我国煤矿企业生存以及长期发展的重大问题以及煤矿安全管理取得的成效和不足前提下,从影响煤矿企业安全事故发生原因的角度出发,找出影响煤矿安全因素的主要原因并设计预警指标,构建我国煤矿企业安全预警指标体系,并构建煤矿安全预警管理系统。
本文研究的主要内容包括：
第一章旨在阐述在说明本文的研究目的和意义,目前的研究现状,研究方法和技术路线。
第二章主要进行理论研究,从预警基本原理结合事故致因理论,为后文的原因层次分析和预警可行性奠定基础。提出安全预警管理的必要性,指出安全预警管理是一种新型的安全管理模式,有助于改变煤矿企业的被动局面,增强对潜在危险因素的控制能力,能够解决目前煤矿安全预防缺位的不足的缺陷。
第三章主要通过对大量的煤矿事故案例进行深层剖析,分析事故发生的主要原因再结合事故致因理论找出了煤矿事故发生的机理：一个事故的发生是由多个因素综合引起的,如果能够控制、消除其中一个因素就能够避免安全事故的发生。在这个基础上得出了煤炭事故三重原因论：直接原因、间接原因、本质原因。直接原因是导致事故发生的根本原因,直接触发了安全事故,间接原因是导致直接原因发生的原因,而本质原因就是导致安全事故不断发生的最根本原因,即安全管理和监管。对于煤矿自身而言,安全管理是可以控制和改善的,因此对煤矿自身而言解决煤矿安全问题的根本在于加强煤矿的安全管理,重点是加强安全预警管理,预先控制导致煤矿事故发生的直接原因,抽调“多米诺骨牌”中的一张,避免安全事故的发生,同时彻底改变事故发生后控制的局面,进行预先安全预警,转向新型的预防性安全管理。
第四章建立煤矿安全预警管指标体系。从掘进安全因素,机电运输安全因素,防火防爆因素,水灾防治因素,安全管理因素,员工行为因素六大一级指标,二十六个二级指标入手,运用模糊数学决策方法对其进行综合处理,对煤矿安全管理预警体系进行了评价。指标体系的形成过程如下：结合前面几章煤矿安全事故的成因和类型奠定了本文设计预警指标的原则,基于这些原则设计了煤矿安全预警管理的指标体系。指标体系的筛选包括以下过程：文献研究得出普遍的指标,通过专家和实地调研得出煤矿预警指标体系,明确指出了煤矿安全预警管理的对象,并针对每个预警指标指出了测评方法,以确定怎样得出预警指标的值。煤矿企业可以根据煤矿的特点结合测评方法来明确预警对象的安全状态,从而决定是否需用采取安全措施。
第五章主要构建了安全预警管理系统,从系统的功能、组成、运行模式和组织设计等方面来阐述。煤矿安全预警管理系统由子系统、数据存储层、展现层三个模块组成,子系统由监控子系统、数据传输子系统、风险评价子系统、自动预警子系统、实时监察子系统五个部分组成。数据存储层利用方法库结合子系统收集的数据实现监测、识别、诊断和评价功能,展现层是将预警结果展现出来。煤矿安全预警管理系统的运作模式为：通过在井下设立的各类传感器收集瓦斯浓度、一氧化碳浓度、湿度、矿井压力等,各个分站将井下收集到的数据传输到地面,结合模型方法进行数据分析、评价,在通过预警子系统报警,输出预警信号。
The Security Management which is the important composition of modern enterprise management holds more and more important station. It becomes a critical issue of how to build a set of Security Forewarning Management System and use it to assure high efficient and safe operation of coal mine enterprise.
Coal mine is the key industry in China, two-thirds of fuel consumption is from coal. From 1990, the yield from coal mine occupied the premier status. With the increase of yield from coal mine; security becomes more and more prominent. Every now and then big and unusual accidents happen. Because of the peculiar working condition of the producing process, there're more dangerous and insecure factors of coalmine industry than other kind of industries. According to some status, in the 50 years from the setting up of our new country, the imperfect management of secure manufacturing brought many accidents and our loss would be added up to more than 500 billion RMB. This big loss severely affected the stable running of coal mine manufacturing. All these give us the cautions of the austere situation and the urgency and necessity to improve our level of security management.
This thesis sets out from the above background, focusing on the characteristics of safe production in coal mine enterprise. Taking the theory of safety and forewarning management as its guidance. Based on the statistical analysis on coal mine accidents and causation model, The paper has proposed three underlying causes leading to coal mine accident, which is the instinct reasons, the direct causes and the indirect causes. The conclusion that security management is one of an instinct reason provides the basis for the construction of security forewarning system to. By strictly controlling the leading elements of coal mine safety accident and postpone coal mining casualties is considerably necessary and valuable.
The main ideas of this article is identifying the main factors affecting coal mine safety and designing early warning management indicators, constructing of Coal Mine Safety warning indicator system, and building the mine safety warning management system. All these based on the description safety issue on coal mining enterprises and the advantage and disadvantage of mine safety management.
The major views are as following:
The first chapter sets out explaining the purpose, the current research status and research methods this article.
The second chapter focuses on theoretical research, combining basic principles of the early warning and accident causation theory, to point out security early warning management is a new security management model, which helps to change the passive situation of coal mining enterprises and enhances the control ability to potential risk factors solves the coal mine current shortage of precautions defects.
The third chapter finds the main reason for coal mine accident based on a large number of cases, which are combined with accident causation theory to identify the mechanism of coal mine accidents. It points out that an accident is caused by multiple factors. If we control or eliminate one of the factors, the accidents can be prevented. The reason causing accident can be divided three levels, which included direct cause, indirect causes and essential causes. Direct cause is the root causes lead to accidents directly. Indirect cause is the result of the direct causes, while the essential reason is the most fundamental cause lead to security incidents occur continuously. The essential reason can be included as safety management and supervision. For the coal itself, because security management can be controlled and improved, the main way to solve security issues is to strengthen its safety management, especially forewarning management, pre-control the direct cause may lead to o accidents and transfer one of "domino". All of these help to avoid safety accidents, completely change the situation of the after-accident control and turn to new preventive security management.
The fourth chapter is to establish an early warning indicator system for coal mine safety, including the dig safety factor, electrical transport safety factors, fire and explosion factor, flood prevention factors, safety management factors, staff behavior factors. All these indicators reflecting on coal mine safety management early warning system are evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive decision method. Index system form as follows, laid the forewarning indicators principles based on the causes of coal mine safety accident and clarify forewarning indicators system based on these principles. The indicators are filtrated by three processes. First, I get universal indicator through literature, then accept factor chose by experts, then investigate some coal mine to ensure forewarning indicator system. It points out the mine objects of forewarning management and evaluation method on coal mine, tells how to determine the value of forewarning indicators. Coal enterprises may determine whether to do security measures according to measurement methods and the value of forewarning object of coal mining enterprises dangerous source state.
The fifth chapter have constructed the forewarning management system from the function composition, operation mode and organization. Coal mine forewarning management system is composed by subsystems, data storage, show layer three modules. Sub-system forms by the supervisory control subsystem, data transmission subsystems, risk evaluation subsystem, automatic warning subsystem, real-time monitoring. Data storage and data collected by subsystem realize monitoring, evaluation and identification, diagnosis function. show layer reveals warning results to people. Coal mine safety warning management system operation mode is establishing all kinds of sensors to collect data on gas thickness, carbon thickness, humidity, mines pressure etc. All data will be transmit to the ground and evaluated by model methods, then will output early warning signal.
煤炭行业是我国的支柱产业,我国能源消耗的三分之二都来自煤炭。自从1990年以来我国每年的煤炭产量居世界首位。伴随着煤炭开采量的不断增加,安全问题变得越来越出,重大特大事故时有发生,再加上煤矿企业生产所具有的特殊作业环境,致使生产过程中潜在着比一般行业更大的危险性和不安全因素。据统计,建国50多年来,煤矿生产中因安全管理不善而引起的各类安全事故,以及由此造成的各种损失累计达5000多亿元,从而严重影响着煤矿生产的稳定运行。这一切均警示了煤矿安全生产的严峻形势和提高煤矿安全管理水平的迫切性和必要性。
本论文正是基于上述背景条件下展开的。针对煤矿企业安全生产的特点,以事故致因理论、预警理论为指导,通过对煤矿安全事故的统计分析,在煤矿事故致因模型的基础上,提出导致煤矿安全事故发生的三个层次原因,即本质原因、直接原因、根本原因,指出安全管理是导致煤矿事故发生的本质原因,为后面预警系统的构建提供基础。通过严格控制导致煤矿安全事故发生的原因层来作为构建煤矿安全预警管理系统的基石,及时排除煤矿企业组织管理中的不安全因素,防止伤亡事故的发生。文章主要思路：通过说明安全问题是影响我国煤矿企业生存以及长期发展的重大问题以及煤矿安全管理取得的成效和不足前提下,从影响煤矿企业安全事故发生原因的角度出发,找出影响煤矿安全因素的主要原因并设计预警指标,构建我国煤矿企业安全预警指标体系,并构建煤矿安全预警管理系统。
本文研究的主要内容包括：
第一章旨在阐述在说明本文的研究目的和意义,目前的研究现状,研究方法和技术路线。
第二章主要进行理论研究,从预警基本原理结合事故致因理论,为后文的原因层次分析和预警可行性奠定基础。提出安全预警管理的必要性,指出安全预警管理是一种新型的安全管理模式,有助于改变煤矿企业的被动局面,增强对潜在危险因素的控制能力,能够解决目前煤矿安全预防缺位的不足的缺陷。
第三章主要通过对大量的煤矿事故案例进行深层剖析,分析事故发生的主要原因再结合事故致因理论找出了煤矿事故发生的机理：一个事故的发生是由多个因素综合引起的,如果能够控制、消除其中一个因素就能够避免安全事故的发生。在这个基础上得出了煤炭事故三重原因论：直接原因、间接原因、本质原因。直接原因是导致事故发生的根本原因,直接触发了安全事故,间接原因是导致直接原因发生的原因,而本质原因就是导致安全事故不断发生的最根本原因,即安全管理和监管。对于煤矿自身而言,安全管理是可以控制和改善的,因此对煤矿自身而言解决煤矿安全问题的根本在于加强煤矿的安全管理,重点是加强安全预警管理,预先控制导致煤矿事故发生的直接原因,抽调“多米诺骨牌”中的一张,避免安全事故的发生,同时彻底改变事故发生后控制的局面,进行预先安全预警,转向新型的预防性安全管理。
第四章建立煤矿安全预警管指标体系。从掘进安全因素,机电运输安全因素,防火防爆因素,水灾防治因素,安全管理因素,员工行为因素六大一级指标,二十六个二级指标入手,运用模糊数学决策方法对其进行综合处理,对煤矿安全管理预警体系进行了评价。指标体系的形成过程如下：结合前面几章煤矿安全事故的成因和类型奠定了本文设计预警指标的原则,基于这些原则设计了煤矿安全预警管理的指标体系。指标体系的筛选包括以下过程：文献研究得出普遍的指标,通过专家和实地调研得出煤矿预警指标体系,明确指出了煤矿安全预警管理的对象,并针对每个预警指标指出了测评方法,以确定怎样得出预警指标的值。煤矿企业可以根据煤矿的特点结合测评方法来明确预警对象的安全状态,从而决定是否需用采取安全措施。
第五章主要构建了安全预警管理系统,从系统的功能、组成、运行模式和组织设计等方面来阐述。煤矿安全预警管理系统由子系统、数据存储层、展现层三个模块组成,子系统由监控子系统、数据传输子系统、风险评价子系统、自动预警子系统、实时监察子系统五个部分组成。数据存储层利用方法库结合子系统收集的数据实现监测、识别、诊断和评价功能,展现层是将预警结果展现出来。煤矿安全预警管理系统的运作模式为：通过在井下设立的各类传感器收集瓦斯浓度、一氧化碳浓度、湿度、矿井压力等,各个分站将井下收集到的数据传输到地面,结合模型方法进行数据分析、评价,在通过预警子系统报警,输出预警信号。
The Security Management which is the important composition of modern enterprise management holds more and more important station. It becomes a critical issue of how to build a set of Security Forewarning Management System and use it to assure high efficient and safe operation of coal mine enterprise.
Coal mine is the key industry in China, two-thirds of fuel consumption is from coal. From 1990, the yield from coal mine occupied the premier status. With the increase of yield from coal mine; security becomes more and more prominent. Every now and then big and unusual accidents happen. Because of the peculiar working condition of the producing process, there're more dangerous and insecure factors of coalmine industry than other kind of industries. According to some status, in the 50 years from the setting up of our new country, the imperfect management of secure manufacturing brought many accidents and our loss would be added up to more than 500 billion RMB. This big loss severely affected the stable running of coal mine manufacturing. All these give us the cautions of the austere situation and the urgency and necessity to improve our level of security management.
This thesis sets out from the above background, focusing on the characteristics of safe production in coal mine enterprise. Taking the theory of safety and forewarning management as its guidance. Based on the statistical analysis on coal mine accidents and causation model, The paper has proposed three underlying causes leading to coal mine accident, which is the instinct reasons, the direct causes and the indirect causes. The conclusion that security management is one of an instinct reason provides the basis for the construction of security forewarning system to. By strictly controlling the leading elements of coal mine safety accident and postpone coal mining casualties is considerably necessary and valuable.
The main ideas of this article is identifying the main factors affecting coal mine safety and designing early warning management indicators, constructing of Coal Mine Safety warning indicator system, and building the mine safety warning management system. All these based on the description safety issue on coal mining enterprises and the advantage and disadvantage of mine safety management.
The major views are as following:
The first chapter sets out explaining the purpose, the current research status and research methods this article.
The second chapter focuses on theoretical research, combining basic principles of the early warning and accident causation theory, to point out security early warning management is a new security management model, which helps to change the passive situation of coal mining enterprises and enhances the control ability to potential risk factors solves the coal mine current shortage of precautions defects.
The third chapter finds the main reason for coal mine accident based on a large number of cases, which are combined with accident causation theory to identify the mechanism of coal mine accidents. It points out that an accident is caused by multiple factors. If we control or eliminate one of the factors, the accidents can be prevented. The reason causing accident can be divided three levels, which included direct cause, indirect causes and essential causes. Direct cause is the root causes lead to accidents directly. Indirect cause is the result of the direct causes, while the essential reason is the most fundamental cause lead to security incidents occur continuously. The essential reason can be included as safety management and supervision. For the coal itself, because security management can be controlled and improved, the main way to solve security issues is to strengthen its safety management, especially forewarning management, pre-control the direct cause may lead to o accidents and transfer one of "domino". All of these help to avoid safety accidents, completely change the situation of the after-accident control and turn to new preventive security management.
The fourth chapter is to establish an early warning indicator system for coal mine safety, including the dig safety factor, electrical transport safety factors, fire and explosion factor, flood prevention factors, safety management factors, staff behavior factors. All these indicators reflecting on coal mine safety management early warning system are evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive decision method. Index system form as follows, laid the forewarning indicators principles based on the causes of coal mine safety accident and clarify forewarning indicators system based on these principles. The indicators are filtrated by three processes. First, I get universal indicator through literature, then accept factor chose by experts, then investigate some coal mine to ensure forewarning indicator system. It points out the mine objects of forewarning management and evaluation method on coal mine, tells how to determine the value of forewarning indicators. Coal enterprises may determine whether to do security measures according to measurement methods and the value of forewarning object of coal mining enterprises dangerous source state.
The fifth chapter have constructed the forewarning management system from the function composition, operation mode and organization. Coal mine forewarning management system is composed by subsystems, data storage, show layer three modules. Sub-system forms by the supervisory control subsystem, data transmission subsystems, risk evaluation subsystem, automatic warning subsystem, real-time monitoring. Data storage and data collected by subsystem realize monitoring, evaluation and identification, diagnosis function. show layer reveals warning results to people. Coal mine safety warning management system operation mode is establishing all kinds of sensors to collect data on gas thickness, carbon thickness, humidity, mines pressure etc. All data will be transmit to the ground and evaluated by model methods, then will output early warning signal.
引文
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