甘蓝型油菜始花期的遗传分析和QTL定位
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摘要
油菜是全世界广泛种植的重要油料作物,开花的早晚或开花时间的长短会影响植物果实的成熟、收获时间和产量。植物的开花时间是一个遗传基础十分复杂的数量性状,它受到植物内部开花基因、激素水平、生理生化过程及外部环境因素(主要是光周期和温度)等的综合调控,由多基因控制,存在位点的多态性。研究油菜开花时间多态性及相应控制基因有助于培育适应不同季节和轮作方式的品种。
本研究以06-6-7003和06-6-657组配得到的F_2分离群体(184个体)为基础,通过2个环境下的田间试验,考察开花时间性状,结合分子标记分析,对开花时间性状进行了QTL定位。主要结果如下:
1.利用BLASTn寻找与拟南芥开花时间相关基因同源的甘蓝型油菜、甘蓝和白菜型油菜的序列,根据同源区序列设计了29对ACGM引物,其中24对引物在亲本基因组中能扩增出清晰、明亮的带型,7对多态性引物产生了8个多态性位点,分别位于N6,N12,N13上。
2.以119个SSR标记、131个AFLP标记、35个SRAP标记和8个ACGM标记进行连锁遗传分析,选取LOD≥3.0,有214个标记进入连锁群,得到一张包含23个连锁群的甘蓝型油菜分子遗传图谱。该图谱总长1865.00 cM,标记间平均图距为8.45cM,与甘蓝型油菜通用图谱进行了初步对应。
3.29个标记(13.6%)表现极显著偏分离(P＜0.01),其中SSR标记13个,AFLP标记13个,SRAP标记2个,ACGM标记1个。偏分离标记中,有11个(37.9%)偏向母本(晚花亲本)。
4.两个坏境下开花时间性状均表现为正态分布,在家系间的基因型差异达到显著水平,变异非常丰富,环境方差分量明显大于基因型方差分量,广义遗传力为43.8%。不同地点开花时间性状存在极显著正相关性。
5.应用复合区间作图法对2个环境下的F_(2:3)家系进行全基因组开花时间QTL扫描,甘肃和政和湖北武汉各检测到7个QTL,其中有2个QTL被重复检测到。
Oilseed rapa is an important oilcrop planted extensively in the world. Flowering early or late, or days to flowering (DTF) will produce important impacts on the maturity, harvesting time and yield of seed. To our best knowledge, DTF is one quantitative trait with a complex genetic basis and regulated by endogenous flowering genes, hormone level, physiological and biochemical processes and environmental factors (mainly including photoperiod and temperature) together. Flowering time is controlled in a multiple gene form with locus variation between different varieties and affected by environment factors. Studies on flowering time may help breed varieties suitable to crop rotation and manipulate pollination control systems in hybrid breeding and production.
In this study, we employed an F_2 population resulting from crossing "06-6-7003×06-6-657", Field experiments were designed in two environments. Molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic model associated with flowering time performance. The major results are as follows:
1. A total of 29 ACGM primer pairs were designed according to the different genes in flowering time of Arabidopsis. Of these, each of the majority (24) amplified a clear and strong band from the total genomic DNA of two parents when detected by 6% PAGE analysis, a total of 7 ESTs (Expression Sequence Tags) or genes from B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea showed polymorphisms between the parents of the mapping population, providing total 8 marker loci in the mapping population. These markers, respectively, located in the linkage groups N6, N12 and N13 of B. napus.
2. 119 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 131 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 35 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers and 8 ACGM markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map of B. napus. Under the condition of LOD≥3.0, a total of 214 markers were assigned to 23 linkage groups (LGs). This map covered 1865.00 cM with average marker interval of 8.45 cM. The public information of microsatellites (SSR markers), contributed to establish the links between the map of Parkin et. al (1995) and ours.
3. In the F_2 population, 29 markers (13.6%) by Chi-square test. There are 13 markers of SSR, 13 markers of AFLP, 2 markers of SRAP and 1marker of ACGM that skewed from the expected genotypic segregation and there are 13 markers (37.9%) of them skewed towards the female parent.
4. Flowering time demonstrated the normal distribution in both environments. There existed significant difference in genotype of flowering time interval the F_(2:3) family line. There existed significant difference of flowering time in both environments. Environmental variance is more than genotypic variance greatly observed for floweringtime. Broad sense heritability of flowering time is 43.8%. There is significant positivecorrelation of flowering time in two environments.
5. The entire genome was searched for QTL conferring significant effects on floweringtime by composite interval mapping in two populations. 7 QTL were detected offlowering time in He Zheng and 7 QTL were detected of flowering time in Wu Han.There were 2 QTL repeatedly detected.
本研究以06-6-7003和06-6-657组配得到的F_2分离群体(184个体)为基础,通过2个环境下的田间试验,考察开花时间性状,结合分子标记分析,对开花时间性状进行了QTL定位。主要结果如下:
1.利用BLASTn寻找与拟南芥开花时间相关基因同源的甘蓝型油菜、甘蓝和白菜型油菜的序列,根据同源区序列设计了29对ACGM引物,其中24对引物在亲本基因组中能扩增出清晰、明亮的带型,7对多态性引物产生了8个多态性位点,分别位于N6,N12,N13上。
2.以119个SSR标记、131个AFLP标记、35个SRAP标记和8个ACGM标记进行连锁遗传分析,选取LOD≥3.0,有214个标记进入连锁群,得到一张包含23个连锁群的甘蓝型油菜分子遗传图谱。该图谱总长1865.00 cM,标记间平均图距为8.45cM,与甘蓝型油菜通用图谱进行了初步对应。
3.29个标记(13.6%)表现极显著偏分离(P＜0.01),其中SSR标记13个,AFLP标记13个,SRAP标记2个,ACGM标记1个。偏分离标记中,有11个(37.9%)偏向母本(晚花亲本)。
4.两个坏境下开花时间性状均表现为正态分布,在家系间的基因型差异达到显著水平,变异非常丰富,环境方差分量明显大于基因型方差分量,广义遗传力为43.8%。不同地点开花时间性状存在极显著正相关性。
5.应用复合区间作图法对2个环境下的F_(2:3)家系进行全基因组开花时间QTL扫描,甘肃和政和湖北武汉各检测到7个QTL,其中有2个QTL被重复检测到。
Oilseed rapa is an important oilcrop planted extensively in the world. Flowering early or late, or days to flowering (DTF) will produce important impacts on the maturity, harvesting time and yield of seed. To our best knowledge, DTF is one quantitative trait with a complex genetic basis and regulated by endogenous flowering genes, hormone level, physiological and biochemical processes and environmental factors (mainly including photoperiod and temperature) together. Flowering time is controlled in a multiple gene form with locus variation between different varieties and affected by environment factors. Studies on flowering time may help breed varieties suitable to crop rotation and manipulate pollination control systems in hybrid breeding and production.
In this study, we employed an F_2 population resulting from crossing "06-6-7003×06-6-657", Field experiments were designed in two environments. Molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic model associated with flowering time performance. The major results are as follows:
1. A total of 29 ACGM primer pairs were designed according to the different genes in flowering time of Arabidopsis. Of these, each of the majority (24) amplified a clear and strong band from the total genomic DNA of two parents when detected by 6% PAGE analysis, a total of 7 ESTs (Expression Sequence Tags) or genes from B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea showed polymorphisms between the parents of the mapping population, providing total 8 marker loci in the mapping population. These markers, respectively, located in the linkage groups N6, N12 and N13 of B. napus.
2. 119 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 131 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 35 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers and 8 ACGM markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map of B. napus. Under the condition of LOD≥3.0, a total of 214 markers were assigned to 23 linkage groups (LGs). This map covered 1865.00 cM with average marker interval of 8.45 cM. The public information of microsatellites (SSR markers), contributed to establish the links between the map of Parkin et. al (1995) and ours.
3. In the F_2 population, 29 markers (13.6%) by Chi-square test. There are 13 markers of SSR, 13 markers of AFLP, 2 markers of SRAP and 1marker of ACGM that skewed from the expected genotypic segregation and there are 13 markers (37.9%) of them skewed towards the female parent.
4. Flowering time demonstrated the normal distribution in both environments. There existed significant difference in genotype of flowering time interval the F_(2:3) family line. There existed significant difference of flowering time in both environments. Environmental variance is more than genotypic variance greatly observed for floweringtime. Broad sense heritability of flowering time is 43.8%. There is significant positivecorrelation of flowering time in two environments.
5. The entire genome was searched for QTL conferring significant effects on floweringtime by composite interval mapping in two populations. 7 QTL were detected offlowering time in He Zheng and 7 QTL were detected of flowering time in Wu Han.There were 2 QTL repeatedly detected.
引文
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