区域对流层模型在地基GPS气象学中的应用研究
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摘要
随着全球定位系统(GPS)近些年来在地球动力学、大气物理学、航空遥感、地质灾害等领域中的应用越来越广泛,用户对GPS定位精度的要求越来越高。然而,对流层误差的影响限制了GPS定位精度的进一步提高。完善GPS对流层改正模型以进一步提高GPS高程上的测量精度,同时提高GPS遥感水汽的精度,成为当前该领域亟需解决的问题。本文基于对流层的相关知识,就对流层对GPS定位精度和地基GPS遥感水汽的影响进行研究分析：分析对流层延迟改正的理论和方法,构造区域对流层改正模型,并采用多种方法验证区域模型的精度,为进一步提高GPS定位精度和地基GPS遥感水汽精度提供基础。
本文研究的内容有：
1.地基GPS遥感水汽的基本原理与最新研究进展：总结了地基GPS遥感天顶水汽PWV的基本理论。介绍大气的分层结构,GPS数据处理中的大气延迟的改正方法和GPS数据处理中的几个常用的大气延迟模型,总结了天顶水汽PWV的提取方法,并进行相关的误差分析,以此确保地基GPS高精度遥感天顶水汽PWV值。
2.区域地基GPS网实时计算绝对天顶水汽PWV的方法研究：在深入分析海潮、映射函数、电离层等对反演天顶水汽PWV精度影响的基础上,高精度实时遥感绝对天顶水汽PWV,并对其外符合精度进行检验。
3.GPS遥感斜路径水汽SWV：总结了GPS斜路径水汽SWV的计算方法及原理,并研究了大气水平梯度对天顶延迟和斜路径湿延迟(SWD)的影响,分析了大气水平梯度与大气变化、卫星高度角的关系,同时借助于GAMIT软件分析了大气荷载对天顶水汽PWV和斜路径水汽SWV的影响规律,为后续高精度层析水汽奠定基础。
4.利用香港CORS网2009年的数据和气象数据计算获取该地区天顶总延迟ZTD、天顶湿延迟ZWD、天顶干延迟ZHD值,通过分析天顶延迟与各因素的关系,拟合出以气象数据为参数的区域对流层模型,并对其进行精度检验,然后以时间为参数建立了实时经验模型,将该模型计算的气象要素、欧盟ECMWF实时内插计算的气象要素与真值进行对比,得出了有实用价值的结论。
In recent years,with the application areas of global positioning system (GPS) are increasingly more and more widely, such as geodynamics, atmospheric physics, remote sensing, geological disasters, the user require more and more higher accuracy of GPS positioning, however, the impact of tropospheric delay limit the accuracy of GPS positioning to further increase.Completing the atmosphere models to further improve the measurement accuracy on the GPS elevation, while increasing the accuracy of GPS sensing vapor,has become the urgent problem in this area.Based on the knowledge of the troposphere, this paper researches and analysises the troposphere delay influence of the positioning accuracy of GPS and the ground-based GPS remote sensing water vapor:Analysis the theory and method of tropospheric delay correction,structure local atmosphere models, and use a variety of methods to validate the accuracy of local models, provide the basis for the improvement of the GPS positioning accuracy and the precision of ground-based GPS remote sensing water vapor.
The main research contents of this paper are as follows:
1. the basic principles of Ground-based GPS remote sensing Water vapor and its recent advances:Summarize the basic theory of ground-based GPS remote sensing precipitable water vapor. Describe the hierarchical structure of the atmosphere, the correction methods of atmospheric delay and several commonly used model of the atmosphere delay in the GPS data processing,Summarize the extraction methods of the precipitable water vapor, and analysis the associated error, in order to ensure the accuracy of the ground-based GPS remote sensing water vapor.
2. Research the methods of the calculating the absolute zenith vapor PWV of the gegional ground-based GPS network in real time:Based on the in-depth analysis of the tide, mapping function, the ionosphere, etc. on the inversion accuracy of the Precipitable water vapor,precision remote sensing of precipitable water vapor real-time, and test its external fitting accuracy.
3. GPS remote sensing slant water vapor:Summarize the calculation method and principle of the GPS slant water vapor, and research the influence of horizontal gradient of atmospheric to the zenith delay and slant wet delay, analysis the relationship between the horizontal gradient of the atmosphere and atmospheric changes, satellite elevation angle, while with the GAMIT software analysis the Influence of the atmospheric loading to the precipitable water vapor and slant water vapor, to lay the foundation for subsequent high-precision chromatography vapor.
4 Using the Hong Kong CORS network data in 2009 and meteorological data, calculate the zenith total delay, zenith wet delay, zenith dry delay value of this area, by analyzing the relationship between the zenith delay and the various factors, fit out of the regional troposphere model with the weather data for the parameters, and test its precision, and then establish a real time experience model using the time as the parameter, compare the meteorological factors calculated with this model with the meteorological elements which is caculated using European real-time interpolation and the true value, obtained the conclusion of practical value.
本文研究的内容有：
1.地基GPS遥感水汽的基本原理与最新研究进展：总结了地基GPS遥感天顶水汽PWV的基本理论。介绍大气的分层结构,GPS数据处理中的大气延迟的改正方法和GPS数据处理中的几个常用的大气延迟模型,总结了天顶水汽PWV的提取方法,并进行相关的误差分析,以此确保地基GPS高精度遥感天顶水汽PWV值。
2.区域地基GPS网实时计算绝对天顶水汽PWV的方法研究：在深入分析海潮、映射函数、电离层等对反演天顶水汽PWV精度影响的基础上,高精度实时遥感绝对天顶水汽PWV,并对其外符合精度进行检验。
3.GPS遥感斜路径水汽SWV：总结了GPS斜路径水汽SWV的计算方法及原理,并研究了大气水平梯度对天顶延迟和斜路径湿延迟(SWD)的影响,分析了大气水平梯度与大气变化、卫星高度角的关系,同时借助于GAMIT软件分析了大气荷载对天顶水汽PWV和斜路径水汽SWV的影响规律,为后续高精度层析水汽奠定基础。
4.利用香港CORS网2009年的数据和气象数据计算获取该地区天顶总延迟ZTD、天顶湿延迟ZWD、天顶干延迟ZHD值,通过分析天顶延迟与各因素的关系,拟合出以气象数据为参数的区域对流层模型,并对其进行精度检验,然后以时间为参数建立了实时经验模型,将该模型计算的气象要素、欧盟ECMWF实时内插计算的气象要素与真值进行对比,得出了有实用价值的结论。
In recent years,with the application areas of global positioning system (GPS) are increasingly more and more widely, such as geodynamics, atmospheric physics, remote sensing, geological disasters, the user require more and more higher accuracy of GPS positioning, however, the impact of tropospheric delay limit the accuracy of GPS positioning to further increase.Completing the atmosphere models to further improve the measurement accuracy on the GPS elevation, while increasing the accuracy of GPS sensing vapor,has become the urgent problem in this area.Based on the knowledge of the troposphere, this paper researches and analysises the troposphere delay influence of the positioning accuracy of GPS and the ground-based GPS remote sensing water vapor:Analysis the theory and method of tropospheric delay correction,structure local atmosphere models, and use a variety of methods to validate the accuracy of local models, provide the basis for the improvement of the GPS positioning accuracy and the precision of ground-based GPS remote sensing water vapor.
The main research contents of this paper are as follows:
1. the basic principles of Ground-based GPS remote sensing Water vapor and its recent advances:Summarize the basic theory of ground-based GPS remote sensing precipitable water vapor. Describe the hierarchical structure of the atmosphere, the correction methods of atmospheric delay and several commonly used model of the atmosphere delay in the GPS data processing,Summarize the extraction methods of the precipitable water vapor, and analysis the associated error, in order to ensure the accuracy of the ground-based GPS remote sensing water vapor.
2. Research the methods of the calculating the absolute zenith vapor PWV of the gegional ground-based GPS network in real time:Based on the in-depth analysis of the tide, mapping function, the ionosphere, etc. on the inversion accuracy of the Precipitable water vapor,precision remote sensing of precipitable water vapor real-time, and test its external fitting accuracy.
3. GPS remote sensing slant water vapor:Summarize the calculation method and principle of the GPS slant water vapor, and research the influence of horizontal gradient of atmospheric to the zenith delay and slant wet delay, analysis the relationship between the horizontal gradient of the atmosphere and atmospheric changes, satellite elevation angle, while with the GAMIT software analysis the Influence of the atmospheric loading to the precipitable water vapor and slant water vapor, to lay the foundation for subsequent high-precision chromatography vapor.
4 Using the Hong Kong CORS network data in 2009 and meteorological data, calculate the zenith total delay, zenith wet delay, zenith dry delay value of this area, by analyzing the relationship between the zenith delay and the various factors, fit out of the regional troposphere model with the weather data for the parameters, and test its precision, and then establish a real time experience model using the time as the parameter, compare the meteorological factors calculated with this model with the meteorological elements which is caculated using European real-time interpolation and the true value, obtained the conclusion of practical value.
引文
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[80]http://www-GPSg.mit.edu/-simon/gtgk/
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