基于云计算的GIS应用模式研究
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摘要
云计算是近两年计算机领域发展起来的热点技术之一。它把一切IT资源都抽象为服务,用户通过网络来使用这些服务,从而实现按需计算和多人协作。云计算有着广阔的市场开发潜力,为此,许多IT公司都已建立了自己的云计算平台。
GIS作为一种采集、存储、管理、分析、应用地理信息的计算机系统,现已经融入IT技术主流。在GIS领域,有必要采用云计算技术,构建云地理信息系统,以便简化GIS应用程序部署和管理、降低GIS投资和运行成本,提高GIS应用程序和基础设施的灵活性。
本文将云计算技术应用到地理信息系统领域,对云计算在GIS领域中的应用模式进行了研究。分析了云计算提供的软件即服务、平台即服务、基础设施即服务模式在GIS中应用的具体表现;构建了基于Hadoop平台的云GIS的框架,并结合Esri的云计算计划,阐述了GIS如何有效地和现有的云计算平台进行对接;分析了GIS服务如何迁移到云端,并指出在迁移过程中需要考虑的安全问题。最后,构建了基于混合云模型的河南省小麦查询系统,探讨了如何利用ArcGIS Server把地理信息服务发布到云端,如何利用Mashup技术实现私有云和Google公有云、Flex公有云的融合。
本文重点探讨了在GIS领域运如何利用云计算技术,通过研究,本文认为:在GIS领域运用云计算技术表现在两个方面;第一,利用云计算技术对GIS技术本身进行改造升级,使GIS的各项服务都能在云端提供,云GIS逐渐拥有桌面GIS的全部功能。再次,利用云计算技术对GIS软件的各种功能进行重新包装,在网络上实现按需购买使用。第二,GIS软件与现有商业云计算平台进行对接,使GIS的数据可以存储在商业云计算平台里,GIS的各种功能在商业云计算平台支持下,优化升级。
本文研究内容如下:
第一:本文回顾了GIS的概念、组成,并深入探讨了其在不同计算模式下的发展历程。全面分析了云计算的概念、内涵和构建云计算平台需要的关键技术。分析了现有商业云计算平台的种类,以及它们所提供的相关服务。
第二:结合云计算提供的服务模式,指出在GIS领域,构建云GIS的四种模式,即地理信息内容即服务、地理信息软件即服务、地理信息平台即服务、地理信息基础设施即服务。并给出了地理信息软件即服务的原型系统。
第三:基于Hadoop平台,构建了云GIS框架,并结合ESRI的云计算计划,探讨了GIS软件如何和现有的商业云计算平台进行有效地对接,GIS的各种服务如何才能迁移到商业云计算平台之中。
第四:构建了基于混合云模型的河南省小麦查询系统,探讨了如何实现GIS私有云和公有云融合。进一步验证了地理信息平台即服务的思想,即可以把API作为一种服务来提供。
Cloud Computing is one of the hit technologies that developed in computing industry in recent years. It turns all IT resources into a service that customers can rent based on their practical need and teamwork through internet. Cloud computing has a potentially vast developing market and many IT technology companies have built their own platform for cloud computing.
As a geographical data collecting, storing, managing, and analyzing computing system, GIS has been integrated into the main stream of IT technology. In GIS industry, it is necessary to adopt cloud computing technology to form geological data system in order to simplify the application and management of GIS and to reduce the investment and operation cost at the same time to promote the flexibility of GIS applications and its infrastructure.
This paper will adopt the cloud computing into geographic information system and study the application of cloud computing in GIS industry. It will analyze the performance of software and its service, platform and its service, infrastructure and its service provided by cloud computing in GIS. It will also try to research the key technology needed in forming cloud computing GIS, and explain how GIS can effectively work with the existing cloud computing platforms, analyze how to transfer GIS service to cloud computing and point out the safety problems in that transformation. In the end, this paper will also explore how to use ArcGIS server to transfer geographic information service into cloud computing and how to integrate Google and the common cloud computing.
This paper tries to explore how to employ cloud computing into the GIS industry. The application of cloud computing in GIS is demonstrated in the following two aspects: first, use cloud computing technology to reform and upgrade the GIS technology in order to provide all GIS services in cloud computing and enable the online GIS have all the functions of desktop GIS, and to package all the functions of GIS software so that to realize their online sales; Second, integrate GIS software with commercial cloud computing to store GIS data into cloud computing platform so that all GIS functions will be optimized with the support of commercial cloud computing.
The creative points of this paper are as followed:
First, it tries to discuss in depth the concept, category, consistent of GIS and its development in cloud computing mode. This paper analyzes the connotation of cloud computing and key technologies in forming cloud computing, it also analyzes the existing types of existing platform for commercial cloud computing and the technologies it employs and its services.
Second, this paper points out the four forming modes of cloud computing in GIS by combining the service modes cloud computing provides. The four modes are geographic information and its service, geographic information software and its service, geographic information platform and its service, and geographic information infrastructure and its service. This paper also provides the original system of geographic information software and its service.
Third, this paper explores how to effectively integrate the existing cloud computing platform with GIS system software and how to transfer the all the functions of GIS into commercial cloud computing by considering the cloud computing plan of ESRI.
Four, this paper explores how to integrate private and public cloud computing by trying to build the wheat inquiry system in Henan province. It tries to prove the concept of geographic information platform and its service and provides API as a service.
GIS作为一种采集、存储、管理、分析、应用地理信息的计算机系统,现已经融入IT技术主流。在GIS领域,有必要采用云计算技术,构建云地理信息系统,以便简化GIS应用程序部署和管理、降低GIS投资和运行成本,提高GIS应用程序和基础设施的灵活性。
本文将云计算技术应用到地理信息系统领域,对云计算在GIS领域中的应用模式进行了研究。分析了云计算提供的软件即服务、平台即服务、基础设施即服务模式在GIS中应用的具体表现;构建了基于Hadoop平台的云GIS的框架,并结合Esri的云计算计划,阐述了GIS如何有效地和现有的云计算平台进行对接;分析了GIS服务如何迁移到云端,并指出在迁移过程中需要考虑的安全问题。最后,构建了基于混合云模型的河南省小麦查询系统,探讨了如何利用ArcGIS Server把地理信息服务发布到云端,如何利用Mashup技术实现私有云和Google公有云、Flex公有云的融合。
本文重点探讨了在GIS领域运如何利用云计算技术,通过研究,本文认为:在GIS领域运用云计算技术表现在两个方面;第一,利用云计算技术对GIS技术本身进行改造升级,使GIS的各项服务都能在云端提供,云GIS逐渐拥有桌面GIS的全部功能。再次,利用云计算技术对GIS软件的各种功能进行重新包装,在网络上实现按需购买使用。第二,GIS软件与现有商业云计算平台进行对接,使GIS的数据可以存储在商业云计算平台里,GIS的各种功能在商业云计算平台支持下,优化升级。
本文研究内容如下:
第一:本文回顾了GIS的概念、组成,并深入探讨了其在不同计算模式下的发展历程。全面分析了云计算的概念、内涵和构建云计算平台需要的关键技术。分析了现有商业云计算平台的种类,以及它们所提供的相关服务。
第二:结合云计算提供的服务模式,指出在GIS领域,构建云GIS的四种模式,即地理信息内容即服务、地理信息软件即服务、地理信息平台即服务、地理信息基础设施即服务。并给出了地理信息软件即服务的原型系统。
第三:基于Hadoop平台,构建了云GIS框架,并结合ESRI的云计算计划,探讨了GIS软件如何和现有的商业云计算平台进行有效地对接,GIS的各种服务如何才能迁移到商业云计算平台之中。
第四:构建了基于混合云模型的河南省小麦查询系统,探讨了如何实现GIS私有云和公有云融合。进一步验证了地理信息平台即服务的思想,即可以把API作为一种服务来提供。
Cloud Computing is one of the hit technologies that developed in computing industry in recent years. It turns all IT resources into a service that customers can rent based on their practical need and teamwork through internet. Cloud computing has a potentially vast developing market and many IT technology companies have built their own platform for cloud computing.
As a geographical data collecting, storing, managing, and analyzing computing system, GIS has been integrated into the main stream of IT technology. In GIS industry, it is necessary to adopt cloud computing technology to form geological data system in order to simplify the application and management of GIS and to reduce the investment and operation cost at the same time to promote the flexibility of GIS applications and its infrastructure.
This paper will adopt the cloud computing into geographic information system and study the application of cloud computing in GIS industry. It will analyze the performance of software and its service, platform and its service, infrastructure and its service provided by cloud computing in GIS. It will also try to research the key technology needed in forming cloud computing GIS, and explain how GIS can effectively work with the existing cloud computing platforms, analyze how to transfer GIS service to cloud computing and point out the safety problems in that transformation. In the end, this paper will also explore how to use ArcGIS server to transfer geographic information service into cloud computing and how to integrate Google and the common cloud computing.
This paper tries to explore how to employ cloud computing into the GIS industry. The application of cloud computing in GIS is demonstrated in the following two aspects: first, use cloud computing technology to reform and upgrade the GIS technology in order to provide all GIS services in cloud computing and enable the online GIS have all the functions of desktop GIS, and to package all the functions of GIS software so that to realize their online sales; Second, integrate GIS software with commercial cloud computing to store GIS data into cloud computing platform so that all GIS functions will be optimized with the support of commercial cloud computing.
The creative points of this paper are as followed:
First, it tries to discuss in depth the concept, category, consistent of GIS and its development in cloud computing mode. This paper analyzes the connotation of cloud computing and key technologies in forming cloud computing, it also analyzes the existing types of existing platform for commercial cloud computing and the technologies it employs and its services.
Second, this paper points out the four forming modes of cloud computing in GIS by combining the service modes cloud computing provides. The four modes are geographic information and its service, geographic information software and its service, geographic information platform and its service, and geographic information infrastructure and its service. This paper also provides the original system of geographic information software and its service.
Third, this paper explores how to effectively integrate the existing cloud computing platform with GIS system software and how to transfer the all the functions of GIS into commercial cloud computing by considering the cloud computing plan of ESRI.
Four, this paper explores how to integrate private and public cloud computing by trying to build the wheat inquiry system in Henan province. It tries to prove the concept of geographic information platform and its service and provides API as a service.
引文
[1]刘光,唐大仕.WebGIS开发-ArcGIS Server与.NET[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[2]中国云计算http://www.cloudcomputing-china.cn
[3]王鹏.走进云计算[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[4]刘鹏.云计算[M]北京:电子工业出版社,2010.3
[5]“智慧的地球”- IBM云计算2.0
[6]维基百科.Cloud computing[EB/OL].[2010-3-10].http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cloud-computing
[7]陈国良,孙广中等.并行计算的一体化研究现状与发展趋势[J],科学通报,2009,54(8):1 043-l 049
[8] Above the clouds:a berkeley view of cloud computing.httpJ/www.e4:CS.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009·28.Html
[9]陈述彭,鲁学军等.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[10]秦奋,钱乐祥.地理信息原理与方法[M].西安:西安地图出版社,2005.
[11]孔云峰,林珲.GIS分析、设计与项目管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[12]王金鑫,张成才,刘治国.计算模式驱动下GIS体系结构的发展分析[J].地理与地理信息科学, 2007,23(5):8-13.
[13]陈能成.基于J2EE的分布式地理信息服务研究[D].武汉大学博士论文,2003.
[14]吴功和,分布式地理信息服务研究与实践[D],解放军信息工程大学博士论文,2006.
[15]陈国良,孙广中等.并行计算的一体化研究现状与发展趋势[J].科学通报,2009,54(8):1043- l 049.
[16]黄方.基于cluster的并行GIS关键技术研究与原型系统探讨[D].中国遥感应用研究所博士论文, 2008.
[17]肖连兵,黄林鹏.网格计算综述[J].计算机工程,2003,28(3):2-4.
[18]钟凯.基于网格的地理空间数据库访问和操作中间件研究[D],国防科技大学硕士论文,2009.
[19]李德仁.论广义空间信息网格和狭义空间信息网格[J],遥感学报,2005,9(5):514-516.
[20]肖科.网格GIS及其关键技术研究[J],中国新技术新产品.2009(15):21-22.
[21] Cloud computing: It as a serviceG Lin, D Fu, J Zhu, G Dasmalchi - IT Professional, 2009.
[22] Accessing the Security Risks of Cloud ComputingJ Heiser, M Nicolett - Gartner Inc., Stamford, 2008.
[23] Developing an Enterprise Cloud Computing StrategyH Li, J Sedayao, J Hahn-Steichen, E Jimison, C - Intel Corporation, 2009.
[24] An approach to a Cloud Computing networkFM Aymerich, G Fenu, S Surcis - Applications of Digital Information and Web, 2008.
[25] http://www.giscloud.com/login
[26] ESRI白皮书,ArcGIS与云计算
[27]曾大聃,周傲英Hadoop权威指南[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[28] Dean J,Ghemawat S. MapReduce:Simplified data processing on large clusters .Proc.of the6th Symp.on Operating System. .
[29] S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff, ST. Leung. The Google file system .ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review. 2003 :29-43 .
[30] Luiz Andre Barroso, Jeffrey Dean, Urs Holzle. Web Search for a Planet: The google Cluster Architecture .IEEE Micro, 2003, 23 (2) :22-28
[31]赵立威,方国伟.微软云计算实践指南[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[32]李海勇.基于Windows Azure实验室资源平台设计与实现[D],上海师范大学硕士论文,2010.
[33]云中开发-微软开发测试云解决方案白皮书
[34]周庆辉,陈宗斌等.云计算实践指南[M],北京.机械工业出版社,2010.
[35]邓自立.云计算中的网络拓扑设计和Hadoop平台研究[D],中国科学技术大学硕士论文,2009.
[36]陈康,郑纬民.云计算系统实例与研究现状[J].软件学报,2009.
[37]亚马逊云计算http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/,2010.
[38] Cloud Computing: A Transition MethodologyR Fontecilla - Journal of cloud computing, 2009.
[39]刘菲,张波.浅谈中小企业私有云解决方案[J].硅谷,2010.
[40]赵元.云计算在港口行业中的应用研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2009.
[41]吴秀芹,张洪岩等.ArcGIS9地理信息系统应用与实践[M],北京.清华大学出版社.2007
[42]江宽,龚小鹏等.Google API[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2008.
[43]高昂等,Google API大全编程.开发.实例[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[44]杨博,杜昱宏.Flex权威指南[M],北京.人民邮电出版社,2009
[45]翟石艳.基于Web services的城市地理数据共享与应用研究[D],开封:河南大学,2009.
[46]龙岳红.地图Mashup的研究与实现[D],中南大学,2008.
[47]康敏捷. Mashup网络地理信息系统研究[D],辽宁师范大学,2009.
[48]宋宏权.基于Adobe Flex的网络视频GIS设计与实现[D],河南大学,2009.
[2]中国云计算http://www.cloudcomputing-china.cn
[3]王鹏.走进云计算[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[4]刘鹏.云计算[M]北京:电子工业出版社,2010.3
[5]“智慧的地球”- IBM云计算2.0
[6]维基百科.Cloud computing[EB/OL].[2010-3-10].http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cloud-computing
[7]陈国良,孙广中等.并行计算的一体化研究现状与发展趋势[J],科学通报,2009,54(8):1 043-l 049
[8] Above the clouds:a berkeley view of cloud computing.httpJ/www.e4:CS.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009·28.Html
[9]陈述彭,鲁学军等.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[10]秦奋,钱乐祥.地理信息原理与方法[M].西安:西安地图出版社,2005.
[11]孔云峰,林珲.GIS分析、设计与项目管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[12]王金鑫,张成才,刘治国.计算模式驱动下GIS体系结构的发展分析[J].地理与地理信息科学, 2007,23(5):8-13.
[13]陈能成.基于J2EE的分布式地理信息服务研究[D].武汉大学博士论文,2003.
[14]吴功和,分布式地理信息服务研究与实践[D],解放军信息工程大学博士论文,2006.
[15]陈国良,孙广中等.并行计算的一体化研究现状与发展趋势[J].科学通报,2009,54(8):1043- l 049.
[16]黄方.基于cluster的并行GIS关键技术研究与原型系统探讨[D].中国遥感应用研究所博士论文, 2008.
[17]肖连兵,黄林鹏.网格计算综述[J].计算机工程,2003,28(3):2-4.
[18]钟凯.基于网格的地理空间数据库访问和操作中间件研究[D],国防科技大学硕士论文,2009.
[19]李德仁.论广义空间信息网格和狭义空间信息网格[J],遥感学报,2005,9(5):514-516.
[20]肖科.网格GIS及其关键技术研究[J],中国新技术新产品.2009(15):21-22.
[21] Cloud computing: It as a serviceG Lin, D Fu, J Zhu, G Dasmalchi - IT Professional, 2009.
[22] Accessing the Security Risks of Cloud ComputingJ Heiser, M Nicolett - Gartner Inc., Stamford, 2008.
[23] Developing an Enterprise Cloud Computing StrategyH Li, J Sedayao, J Hahn-Steichen, E Jimison, C - Intel Corporation, 2009.
[24] An approach to a Cloud Computing networkFM Aymerich, G Fenu, S Surcis - Applications of Digital Information and Web, 2008.
[25] http://www.giscloud.com/login
[26] ESRI白皮书,ArcGIS与云计算
[27]曾大聃,周傲英Hadoop权威指南[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[28] Dean J,Ghemawat S. MapReduce:Simplified data processing on large clusters .Proc.of the6th Symp.on Operating System. .
[29] S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff, ST. Leung. The Google file system .ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review. 2003 :29-43 .
[30] Luiz Andre Barroso, Jeffrey Dean, Urs Holzle. Web Search for a Planet: The google Cluster Architecture .IEEE Micro, 2003, 23 (2) :22-28
[31]赵立威,方国伟.微软云计算实践指南[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[32]李海勇.基于Windows Azure实验室资源平台设计与实现[D],上海师范大学硕士论文,2010.
[33]云中开发-微软开发测试云解决方案白皮书
[34]周庆辉,陈宗斌等.云计算实践指南[M],北京.机械工业出版社,2010.
[35]邓自立.云计算中的网络拓扑设计和Hadoop平台研究[D],中国科学技术大学硕士论文,2009.
[36]陈康,郑纬民.云计算系统实例与研究现状[J].软件学报,2009.
[37]亚马逊云计算http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/,2010.
[38] Cloud Computing: A Transition MethodologyR Fontecilla - Journal of cloud computing, 2009.
[39]刘菲,张波.浅谈中小企业私有云解决方案[J].硅谷,2010.
[40]赵元.云计算在港口行业中的应用研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2009.
[41]吴秀芹,张洪岩等.ArcGIS9地理信息系统应用与实践[M],北京.清华大学出版社.2007
[42]江宽,龚小鹏等.Google API[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2008.
[43]高昂等,Google API大全编程.开发.实例[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[44]杨博,杜昱宏.Flex权威指南[M],北京.人民邮电出版社,2009
[45]翟石艳.基于Web services的城市地理数据共享与应用研究[D],开封:河南大学,2009.
[46]龙岳红.地图Mashup的研究与实现[D],中南大学,2008.
[47]康敏捷. Mashup网络地理信息系统研究[D],辽宁师范大学,2009.
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