废胶粒介质草坪建植体系草坪植物生态学响应特征
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摘要
本研究主要利用废胶粒为填充介质，以提高草坪的耐践踏性能，目的是为了废橡胶资源化利用及降低草坪管理成本与提高草坪的使用年限。实验在分析废胶粒基本物理化学特性的基础上，通过不同比例废胶粒填充于土壤介质中，进行了草坪植物生态特征的研究，同时，在田间实验条件下，土壤基质填充相同比例、不同大小直径的废胶粒，经过两个生长季对草坪应用生态性能及植物的生理生态的研究，获得的主要结论如下：
(1)废胶粒的填充对酸碱溶液具有缓冲的功能，可校正其酸碱值为中性(pH7-7.5)。本研究所使用3种不同直径的橡胶颗粒的介质保水能力都比不加胶粒的介质强，随着粒径的减小，介质保水能力有明显的提升。
(2)室内粒级比例优化，从形态指标来看，6个处理中以胶粒15％+堆肥10％+河沙75％的基质组配生长最好，但从生理指标来看，以胶粒18％+堆肥10％+河沙72％的生长响应最强。
(3)草坪植物外观形态方面，废旧胶粒除对草坪植物的株高生长有一定的抑制作用外，对于盖度、地上生物量、分蘖数、茎节数、叶片数、根系生长等都有较为明显的促进作用，且3种胶粒中，胶粒越小，表现就越显著。
(4)草坪植物生态生理方面，胶粒可以提高草坪植物可溶性糖和叶绿素的单位含量，同时降低粗纤维的单位含量，增加了草坪植物的耐践踏能力；胶粒作用下，脯氨酸的单位含量也在增加，说明草坪植物的抗逆性有所增强；胶粒还对草坪植物叶片的光合能力有很大地提升作用。
(5)践踏胁迫下，胶粒对于践踏具有一定的缓冲作用，且3种胶粒中，粒径越小，缓冲作用就越明显。
Soil compaction is an old and serious problem in turf management. Vast array of techniques and equipments have been developed to solve this problem, including machinery and amendment materials for topdressing which were marketed worldwide, yet the problem persists. This research intended to study the application of crumb rubber from waste rubber to turf to relieve soil compaction. This technology consumes much waste crumb rubber that can ease environment problem caused by waste rubber.
The physical and chemical properties of crumb rubber were the first issue addressed in this research in order to identify both the hazardous and beneficial potential of crumb rubber added to turfgrass as well as influence to environment. By adding different proportion of waste crumb rubber to soil medium in lab experiment, we analyzed the growing response of turfgrass to crumb rubber. Finally we added same proportion of different sized waste crumb rubber to soil medium on the field. In the next year we trampled on it at the end of regreening, analyzed the ecological and physiological characteristics of turfgrass, by which we got the best turfgrass medium to traffic tolerance. The results showed as follows:
(1) The ability of crumb rubber to buffer solution acidity from the range of 3 to 11 and neutralize it around pH 7 was a significant finding. The water retention ability, pH buffering ability and impact reduction properties of the crumb rubber were studied from the perspective of utilizing it on turf. The results showed the crumb rubber had better water retention ability than that of sand as soil amendment.
(2) In the six treatments of the lab experiment, the composition of scrumb rubber 15％+compost 10％+sand 75％served as medium to ryegrass was most effective for its morphological character. And from the view of physiological stand, the composition of scrumb rubber18％+composti 10％+ sand 72％brought the most evident growing response of ryegrass.
(3) Under the stress, the coverage of ryegrass descended almost vertically, and the smaller the diameter of crumb rubber was, the higher the coverage was. The change of biomass on the ground was smilar to the change of coverage, the smaller the diameter of crumb rubber was, the higher the biomass was. The reduction of the tillers in the control was greater than that in the other treatments. The numbers of stem node and leaves decreased accordingly after being trampled.
(4) As for the change of physiological characters, the content of coarse-fible after trampled was different, the most is the control and the fewest is 1-2mm. The content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar were also increased as above, so was the photosynthetic physiological function of laminae.
(5) Waste crumb rubber had evident ability to buffer under the trampled stress. And the smaller the diameter of crumb rubber was, the more obvious the effect was.
(1)废胶粒的填充对酸碱溶液具有缓冲的功能，可校正其酸碱值为中性(pH7-7.5)。本研究所使用3种不同直径的橡胶颗粒的介质保水能力都比不加胶粒的介质强，随着粒径的减小，介质保水能力有明显的提升。
(2)室内粒级比例优化，从形态指标来看，6个处理中以胶粒15％+堆肥10％+河沙75％的基质组配生长最好，但从生理指标来看，以胶粒18％+堆肥10％+河沙72％的生长响应最强。
(3)草坪植物外观形态方面，废旧胶粒除对草坪植物的株高生长有一定的抑制作用外，对于盖度、地上生物量、分蘖数、茎节数、叶片数、根系生长等都有较为明显的促进作用，且3种胶粒中，胶粒越小，表现就越显著。
(4)草坪植物生态生理方面，胶粒可以提高草坪植物可溶性糖和叶绿素的单位含量，同时降低粗纤维的单位含量，增加了草坪植物的耐践踏能力；胶粒作用下，脯氨酸的单位含量也在增加，说明草坪植物的抗逆性有所增强；胶粒还对草坪植物叶片的光合能力有很大地提升作用。
(5)践踏胁迫下，胶粒对于践踏具有一定的缓冲作用，且3种胶粒中，粒径越小，缓冲作用就越明显。
Soil compaction is an old and serious problem in turf management. Vast array of techniques and equipments have been developed to solve this problem, including machinery and amendment materials for topdressing which were marketed worldwide, yet the problem persists. This research intended to study the application of crumb rubber from waste rubber to turf to relieve soil compaction. This technology consumes much waste crumb rubber that can ease environment problem caused by waste rubber.
The physical and chemical properties of crumb rubber were the first issue addressed in this research in order to identify both the hazardous and beneficial potential of crumb rubber added to turfgrass as well as influence to environment. By adding different proportion of waste crumb rubber to soil medium in lab experiment, we analyzed the growing response of turfgrass to crumb rubber. Finally we added same proportion of different sized waste crumb rubber to soil medium on the field. In the next year we trampled on it at the end of regreening, analyzed the ecological and physiological characteristics of turfgrass, by which we got the best turfgrass medium to traffic tolerance. The results showed as follows:
(1) The ability of crumb rubber to buffer solution acidity from the range of 3 to 11 and neutralize it around pH 7 was a significant finding. The water retention ability, pH buffering ability and impact reduction properties of the crumb rubber were studied from the perspective of utilizing it on turf. The results showed the crumb rubber had better water retention ability than that of sand as soil amendment.
(2) In the six treatments of the lab experiment, the composition of scrumb rubber 15％+compost 10％+sand 75％served as medium to ryegrass was most effective for its morphological character. And from the view of physiological stand, the composition of scrumb rubber18％+composti 10％+ sand 72％brought the most evident growing response of ryegrass.
(3) Under the stress, the coverage of ryegrass descended almost vertically, and the smaller the diameter of crumb rubber was, the higher the coverage was. The change of biomass on the ground was smilar to the change of coverage, the smaller the diameter of crumb rubber was, the higher the biomass was. The reduction of the tillers in the control was greater than that in the other treatments. The numbers of stem node and leaves decreased accordingly after being trampled.
(4) As for the change of physiological characters, the content of coarse-fible after trampled was different, the most is the control and the fewest is 1-2mm. The content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar were also increased as above, so was the photosynthetic physiological function of laminae.
(5) Waste crumb rubber had evident ability to buffer under the trampled stress. And the smaller the diameter of crumb rubber was, the more obvious the effect was.
引文
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