聚氨酯灌浆材料的性能测试及其在矿山中的应用
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摘要
在煤矿巷道的开采施工过程中，对于顶板的支撑保护管理是保证安全生产的关键环节。煤炭事故中由于顶板问题造成的死亡事故所占比例高达40%左右。经过实地调研，在河北邢台、山西阳泉等地的煤矿上，同样存在顶板加固过程中出现的各种问题。聚氨酯灌浆材料的性能良好，可以满足此类煤矿对加固顶板的要求。
本论文的研究内容如下：依据聚氨酯材料的反应原理，对聚氨酯灌浆材料的生产配方进行研发。对聚氨酯灌浆材料的各种助剂、添加剂等配比进行对比试验，得到了聚氨酯灌浆材料的最优化配方。按照其最优化配方制作试样，并且对该试样的各项性能指标做了测试。用一种现用于煤矿的聚氨酯灌浆材料作为性能测试的对比参照，通过性能测试找出两种灌浆材料各自的性能优缺点，进而对两种灌浆材料进行综合评价。对施工工艺进行模拟，通过模拟结果分析两种灌浆材料的优劣性能。总结聚氨酯灌浆的施工方法及所用到的设备、材料等。
论文得到的结论如下：催化剂的使用量越大，聚氨酯灌浆材料的固化时间越短。自制聚氨酯灌浆材料的压缩强度和拉伸强度都要比煤矿现用的聚氨酯灌浆材料有所提高，其中压缩强度提高了22.7%，拉伸强度提高了18%。两种聚氨酯灌浆材料均具有极强的尺寸稳定性。两种灌浆材料的阻燃性能和抗静电性能都符合行业标准。煤矿巷道加固支护后的巷道沉降量明显减小，并且煤矿巷道用自制聚氨酯灌浆材料加固的效果要比用煤矿现用的聚氨酯灌浆材料的加固效果好，降低了巷道的最大应力，其中等效应力降低了23.6%，剪应力降低了20.8%。
聚氨酯灌浆施工工艺简单，固化后的固结体力学性能优异，符合灌浆施工的设计原则。其综合性能优良，是一种重要的灌浆材料。
In the construction process of coal mine tunnel, the protection andmanagement of the roof support is the key to ensure safety in production.The proportion of coal accident fatalities due to roof support is40%. Thereare also problems arising in the roof reinforcement in coal mines in Xingtai,Heibei, Yangquan, Shanxi. The performance of polyurethane groutingmaterial which can meet the requirements of such coal mine roofreinforcement is good.
The content of this thesis are as follows: based on the reactionprinciple of the polyurethane material, study the production ofpolyurethane grouting material. The optimum formula of the polyurethanegrouting materials is got by the comparison experiment of the ratio ofvarious additives. Samples of the performance indicators based on theoptimum formula are made and tested. By using a active polyurethanegrouting material in a coal mine as a comparatist, the comprehensiveevaluation of the two kinds of grouting materials and the independentcharacteristic of testing are found out. The performance of the two groutingmaterials by simulating of the construction process is analyzed. Themethods, equipment, materials and the reinforcement effect of polyurethane grouting materials are summarized.
The final conclusions of this thesis are as follows: the more use of thecatalyst, the shorter of the curing time of polyurethane grouting material.The compression strength and tensile strength of self-made polyurethanegrouting material is better than the active material in a coal mine, which thecompression strength increases by22.7%, the tensile strength increases by18%. Both of the two polyurethane materials have a strong dimensionalstability and both of the flame retardancy and antistatic properties of twopolyurethane materials are conformed to industry standards. Thereinforcement roof settlement of the tunnel in coal mines is significantlyreduced by polyurethane grouting material. The reinforcement effect ofself-made polyurethane grouting material is better than the active materialin a coal mine. The maximum stress of the tunnel is reduced, which theequivalent stress decreases by23.6%, the shear stress decreases by20.8%.
The construction of polyurethane grouting process is simple, and thephysical properties of consolidation after the curing are excellent. It isconformity with the principles of grouting design on coal mine tunnels. Thecomprehensive performance of the polyurethane grouting material which isan important grouting material is excellent.
本论文的研究内容如下：依据聚氨酯材料的反应原理，对聚氨酯灌浆材料的生产配方进行研发。对聚氨酯灌浆材料的各种助剂、添加剂等配比进行对比试验，得到了聚氨酯灌浆材料的最优化配方。按照其最优化配方制作试样，并且对该试样的各项性能指标做了测试。用一种现用于煤矿的聚氨酯灌浆材料作为性能测试的对比参照，通过性能测试找出两种灌浆材料各自的性能优缺点，进而对两种灌浆材料进行综合评价。对施工工艺进行模拟，通过模拟结果分析两种灌浆材料的优劣性能。总结聚氨酯灌浆的施工方法及所用到的设备、材料等。
论文得到的结论如下：催化剂的使用量越大，聚氨酯灌浆材料的固化时间越短。自制聚氨酯灌浆材料的压缩强度和拉伸强度都要比煤矿现用的聚氨酯灌浆材料有所提高，其中压缩强度提高了22.7%，拉伸强度提高了18%。两种聚氨酯灌浆材料均具有极强的尺寸稳定性。两种灌浆材料的阻燃性能和抗静电性能都符合行业标准。煤矿巷道加固支护后的巷道沉降量明显减小，并且煤矿巷道用自制聚氨酯灌浆材料加固的效果要比用煤矿现用的聚氨酯灌浆材料的加固效果好，降低了巷道的最大应力，其中等效应力降低了23.6%，剪应力降低了20.8%。
聚氨酯灌浆施工工艺简单，固化后的固结体力学性能优异，符合灌浆施工的设计原则。其综合性能优良，是一种重要的灌浆材料。
In the construction process of coal mine tunnel, the protection andmanagement of the roof support is the key to ensure safety in production.The proportion of coal accident fatalities due to roof support is40%. Thereare also problems arising in the roof reinforcement in coal mines in Xingtai,Heibei, Yangquan, Shanxi. The performance of polyurethane groutingmaterial which can meet the requirements of such coal mine roofreinforcement is good.
The content of this thesis are as follows: based on the reactionprinciple of the polyurethane material, study the production ofpolyurethane grouting material. The optimum formula of the polyurethanegrouting materials is got by the comparison experiment of the ratio ofvarious additives. Samples of the performance indicators based on theoptimum formula are made and tested. By using a active polyurethanegrouting material in a coal mine as a comparatist, the comprehensiveevaluation of the two kinds of grouting materials and the independentcharacteristic of testing are found out. The performance of the two groutingmaterials by simulating of the construction process is analyzed. Themethods, equipment, materials and the reinforcement effect of polyurethane grouting materials are summarized.
The final conclusions of this thesis are as follows: the more use of thecatalyst, the shorter of the curing time of polyurethane grouting material.The compression strength and tensile strength of self-made polyurethanegrouting material is better than the active material in a coal mine, which thecompression strength increases by22.7%, the tensile strength increases by18%. Both of the two polyurethane materials have a strong dimensionalstability and both of the flame retardancy and antistatic properties of twopolyurethane materials are conformed to industry standards. Thereinforcement roof settlement of the tunnel in coal mines is significantlyreduced by polyurethane grouting material. The reinforcement effect ofself-made polyurethane grouting material is better than the active materialin a coal mine. The maximum stress of the tunnel is reduced, which theequivalent stress decreases by23.6%, the shear stress decreases by20.8%.
The construction of polyurethane grouting process is simple, and thephysical properties of consolidation after the curing are excellent. It isconformity with the principles of grouting design on coal mine tunnels. Thecomprehensive performance of the polyurethane grouting material which isan important grouting material is excellent.
引文
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[2]朱永飞,朱明.聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡剂研究现状及发展趋势[J].应用化工,2005,34(3):133-136
[3]杨汝平,王鸿奎,何涛.新一代硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡剂的应用[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2003,4:45-49
[4]李丽娟,吴良义.聚氨酯密封胶国外研究进展[J].热固性树脂,2002,17(2):35-39
[5]王启.聚氨酯板外墙外保温系统施工[J].山西建筑,2011,37(1):188-190
[6] Hong-Shiang Liu, Keh-Jian Shou, Ping-Cheng Hou, Chin-Fa Tsai. Design and constructionof river crossing tunnel beneath Tachia River, Taiwan[J]. Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2010,25:638-650
[7]王福芳,魏燕彦,宗成中.封闭型水性聚氨酯的制备及其高温固化性能的研究[J].涂料工业,2010,40(10):44-46
[8]唐明茹,郑水蓉,张翠,孙曼灵.高速铁路用聚氨酯填充材料快速试验方法的研究[J].工程塑料应用,2005,33(3):28-30
[9]郭欣欣,余天石,葛明桥.利用废弃聚酯制备聚氨酯泡沫[J].纺织学报,2010,31(12):9-12
[10] In-Mo Lee, Jae-Sung Lee, Seok-Woo Nam. Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stabilityreinforced with multi-step pipe grouting[J].2004,19:551-565
[11]冯亚凯,吴珍珍.可生物降解聚氨酯在医学中的应用[J].材料导报,2006,20(6):115-118
[12]徐海涛,郝爱友,杨勇,张生.MDI-50在电器灌封胶中的应用研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2004,19(2):25-27
[13]袁振.特种聚氨酯灌封胶研制[D].北京:北京化工大学,2010
[14]朱吕民,刘益军.聚氨酯泡沫塑料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[15]陈鼎南.聚氨酯制品生产工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008
[16]徐培林,张淑琴.聚氨酯材料手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011
[17]吴迎霞.室温固化聚氨酯胶黏剂的研制[J].科学技术与工程,2006,6(4):496-499
[18]贺文媛.非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的合成[D].山东:青岛科技大学,2010
[19]傅明源,孙酣经.聚氨酯弹性体及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[20]张竹峰.聚氨酯弹性制品在矿山的应用[J].山西化工,2000,20(4):44-45
[21]王艾栓.聚氨酯筛板的生产工艺及其设备[J].山西科技,2006,3:119-121
[22]沈玉红,付晨钟,桑成喜.31°大倾角原煤上运带式输送胶带机研究与应用[J].能源技术与管理,2006,6:77-78
[23]杨毛生,郭德.中煤破碎再选的研究[J].煤炭工程,2010,12:95-97
[24]黎清宁,卢德宏,周荣.聚氨酯弹性体在矿山中的应用[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2003,28(1):35-38
[25]黎学皓,吴柏春,王红.水溶性聚氨酯化学灌浆在博斯腾湖东泵站工程中的应用[J].东北水利水电,2009,27(1):14-16
[26]王红霞,王星,何廷树,李宪军.灌浆材料的发展历程及研究进展[J].混凝土,2008,10:30-33
[27]蒋硕忠.绿色化学灌浆技术研究综述[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(5):33-36
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