陕北地区油气田钻井混合废弃物的微生物原位修复技术研究
|
摘要
钻井混合废弃物是指在油气开采过程中所有固液废弃物的混合体。主要由钻井废弃泥浆、废弃钻井液、钻井废水、钻屑及压裂作业返排液等组成,是一种含粘土、加重材料、各种化学试剂、污水、污油及钻屑等的多相稳定悬浮胶体体系,是石油天然气勘探开发过程中影响生态环境的主要废弃物之一。
本研究采用现代微生物工程技术原理,针对陕北地区油气田钻井混合废弃物中有害成分,选育具有高效降解转化能力的微生物复合菌群,研究开发出复合固体菌剂对混合废弃物进行微生物原位修复。通过微生物菌群的生长代谢作用,创新的解决了混合废弃物的脱毒、脱胶、固液分离、降低酸碱度等难题,使钻井混合废弃物达到无害化处理的目的,保护了油气田井场的生态环境。
从各类石油污染物和钻井混合废弃物样品中分离出30余种微生物菌株,通过分离筛选、培养驯化和激光诱变等技术手段,选育出5种在钻井混合废弃物中能够迅速生长的优良菌株,并对此5株菌株通过形态学、生理生化、分子鉴定等手段进行了分类鉴定(鉴定到属)。
针对陕北地区油气田钻井混合废弃物的主要污染物成分,根据5种菌株各自的生理生化特征和作用特点,通过科学复配的方法开发出微生物复合固体菌剂。菌剂中各种微生物能够利用含不同有害成分的油气田钻井混合废弃物作为唯一营养源迅速繁殖、互利生长。
将微生物复合固体菌剂按比例接入钻井混合废弃物中,在＞10℃的温度条件下,钻井混合废弃物中微生物能够迅速增殖至10~(10)个/g以上,各类菌在钻井混合废弃物中互利生长,通过复合菌群的生长代谢作用可使钻井混合废弃物转化形成适宜各类生物生长的良好微生态环境。
钻井混合废弃物经微生物复合固体菌剂作用后全方位高效降解转化了各类污染物成分,大大降低了钻井废弃物对自然生态环境的危害。经处理后钻井混合废弃物的破胶、分层、脱水效果极为显著,pH值可由强碱性恢复至中性,表面出现固化,深度龟裂,钻井混合废弃物中石油烃类物质降解率可以达到95%以上,六价铬的转化率可以达到99%,pH值降至6.5-7.5,活菌数达10~(10)个/g以上,水分含量降至40-60%,有机质含量与周边土壤相比增加300%以上,达到脱毒、脱胶、固液分离、降低酸碱度的目的。
通过58个不同地域、不同环境、不同类型油气田井场泥浆池原位修复示范应用实验,证明了在陕北自然条件下微生物复合固体菌剂可以对钻井混合废弃物进行有效的原位生物修复。在接种量0.3%-0.8%、温度＞10℃的条件下,复合菌剂中微生物能够以钻井混合废弃物作为唯一营养源迅速生长繁殖,有效地降解、利用、转化废弃物中各类有害成分。钻井混合废弃物的破胶、分层、脱水极为明显,pH值可由强碱性恢复至中性,使钻井混合废弃物迅速转化形成适宜各类生物生长的良好微生态环境,大大降低和消除钻井混合废弃物对自然生态环境的危害。实验所处理的58个油、气井场的泥浆池30-60天后完全达到生物修复处理效果,均通过当地环保部门和油田相关部门按国家环保标准和油田工程管理规定的现场达标验收。
The intermixture of drilling waste,which is mainly composed of waste drilling-mud, waste drilling water,drainage,cuttings and fracturing flow-back fluid,is the blending contaminants yielded during the exploit and exploration procedure of petroleum and natural gas.It was classified as a sort of toxic solid waste which contains large mounts of pollutants such as petroleum and heavy metal ion.The biggest environment risks generated during the exploration of petroleum and natural gas were largely due to it.
Directly towards the contaminants within the intermixture of drilling waste,the present study was undertaken to screening a certain group of microbes with ability of contaminants degradation in high efficiency.Through the metabolism of microbe groups,contaminants within the intermixture of drilling waste could be degraded effectively and the environment risk generated during the exploration of petroleum and natural gas can be vanished.
30 isolates of microbe strains were isolated from 23 samples of different sources by Plate Dilution method.5 isolates with high ability of contaminants degradation were screening from these 30 isolates.Through the traditional bacterial systemic identification method and the analysis of 16S rDNA &18S rDNA sequence,the 5 strains were respectively identified as Bacillus、Acinetobacter、Rhodococcus、Pseudomonas and Glomus.
According to the characteristics of strains,the compound solid inoculant which contains all 5 strains was developed to obtain higher degradation efficiency.The experiment result showed that the total counts of microbial reached 10~(10)/g within a short time after the inoculation when the environmental temperature＞10℃.Strains could make the contaminants within the intermixture as the only nutrients source to get themselves grew As well as each strains obtained a better grow activity due to the corporations between the strains.
Through the metabolism of microbe groups from the compound solid inoculants, contaminants within the intermixture of drilling waste obtained a great degradation.After 30-60 days degradation,the total content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the intermixture were reduced at the level of 95%;the content of Cr~(6+) was reduced by 99%;pH were changed from＞10 to 6.5-7.5;the total counts of microbial reached 10~(10)/g;the content of water changed to 40%-60%;even the content of organic matter could increase 300%according to these in the soil.The contents of main contaminants in the intermixture of drilling waste were reduced at a great level;the characteristics of intermixture were changed to make new possibility for planting.The aim to minimize the risk of intermixture to the environment was perfectly met.
After experimental work in lab,On Site Microbial Ecological Recovery experiment was carded out in YuLin and WuQi at the northern of Shaanxi province.After 30-60 days,the all 58 mud pit which ecological recovery experiments carded out were got through the examination from Environmental Protection agency from local government.The recovery results indicated that the microbial method could effectively remediate the intermixture of drilling waste under the natural environmental condition in the northern of Shaanxi province.
本研究采用现代微生物工程技术原理,针对陕北地区油气田钻井混合废弃物中有害成分,选育具有高效降解转化能力的微生物复合菌群,研究开发出复合固体菌剂对混合废弃物进行微生物原位修复。通过微生物菌群的生长代谢作用,创新的解决了混合废弃物的脱毒、脱胶、固液分离、降低酸碱度等难题,使钻井混合废弃物达到无害化处理的目的,保护了油气田井场的生态环境。
从各类石油污染物和钻井混合废弃物样品中分离出30余种微生物菌株,通过分离筛选、培养驯化和激光诱变等技术手段,选育出5种在钻井混合废弃物中能够迅速生长的优良菌株,并对此5株菌株通过形态学、生理生化、分子鉴定等手段进行了分类鉴定(鉴定到属)。
针对陕北地区油气田钻井混合废弃物的主要污染物成分,根据5种菌株各自的生理生化特征和作用特点,通过科学复配的方法开发出微生物复合固体菌剂。菌剂中各种微生物能够利用含不同有害成分的油气田钻井混合废弃物作为唯一营养源迅速繁殖、互利生长。
将微生物复合固体菌剂按比例接入钻井混合废弃物中,在＞10℃的温度条件下,钻井混合废弃物中微生物能够迅速增殖至10~(10)个/g以上,各类菌在钻井混合废弃物中互利生长,通过复合菌群的生长代谢作用可使钻井混合废弃物转化形成适宜各类生物生长的良好微生态环境。
钻井混合废弃物经微生物复合固体菌剂作用后全方位高效降解转化了各类污染物成分,大大降低了钻井废弃物对自然生态环境的危害。经处理后钻井混合废弃物的破胶、分层、脱水效果极为显著,pH值可由强碱性恢复至中性,表面出现固化,深度龟裂,钻井混合废弃物中石油烃类物质降解率可以达到95%以上,六价铬的转化率可以达到99%,pH值降至6.5-7.5,活菌数达10~(10)个/g以上,水分含量降至40-60%,有机质含量与周边土壤相比增加300%以上,达到脱毒、脱胶、固液分离、降低酸碱度的目的。
通过58个不同地域、不同环境、不同类型油气田井场泥浆池原位修复示范应用实验,证明了在陕北自然条件下微生物复合固体菌剂可以对钻井混合废弃物进行有效的原位生物修复。在接种量0.3%-0.8%、温度＞10℃的条件下,复合菌剂中微生物能够以钻井混合废弃物作为唯一营养源迅速生长繁殖,有效地降解、利用、转化废弃物中各类有害成分。钻井混合废弃物的破胶、分层、脱水极为明显,pH值可由强碱性恢复至中性,使钻井混合废弃物迅速转化形成适宜各类生物生长的良好微生态环境,大大降低和消除钻井混合废弃物对自然生态环境的危害。实验所处理的58个油、气井场的泥浆池30-60天后完全达到生物修复处理效果,均通过当地环保部门和油田相关部门按国家环保标准和油田工程管理规定的现场达标验收。
The intermixture of drilling waste,which is mainly composed of waste drilling-mud, waste drilling water,drainage,cuttings and fracturing flow-back fluid,is the blending contaminants yielded during the exploit and exploration procedure of petroleum and natural gas.It was classified as a sort of toxic solid waste which contains large mounts of pollutants such as petroleum and heavy metal ion.The biggest environment risks generated during the exploration of petroleum and natural gas were largely due to it.
Directly towards the contaminants within the intermixture of drilling waste,the present study was undertaken to screening a certain group of microbes with ability of contaminants degradation in high efficiency.Through the metabolism of microbe groups,contaminants within the intermixture of drilling waste could be degraded effectively and the environment risk generated during the exploration of petroleum and natural gas can be vanished.
30 isolates of microbe strains were isolated from 23 samples of different sources by Plate Dilution method.5 isolates with high ability of contaminants degradation were screening from these 30 isolates.Through the traditional bacterial systemic identification method and the analysis of 16S rDNA &18S rDNA sequence,the 5 strains were respectively identified as Bacillus、Acinetobacter、Rhodococcus、Pseudomonas and Glomus.
According to the characteristics of strains,the compound solid inoculant which contains all 5 strains was developed to obtain higher degradation efficiency.The experiment result showed that the total counts of microbial reached 10~(10)/g within a short time after the inoculation when the environmental temperature＞10℃.Strains could make the contaminants within the intermixture as the only nutrients source to get themselves grew As well as each strains obtained a better grow activity due to the corporations between the strains.
Through the metabolism of microbe groups from the compound solid inoculants, contaminants within the intermixture of drilling waste obtained a great degradation.After 30-60 days degradation,the total content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the intermixture were reduced at the level of 95%;the content of Cr~(6+) was reduced by 99%;pH were changed from＞10 to 6.5-7.5;the total counts of microbial reached 10~(10)/g;the content of water changed to 40%-60%;even the content of organic matter could increase 300%according to these in the soil.The contents of main contaminants in the intermixture of drilling waste were reduced at a great level;the characteristics of intermixture were changed to make new possibility for planting.The aim to minimize the risk of intermixture to the environment was perfectly met.
After experimental work in lab,On Site Microbial Ecological Recovery experiment was carded out in YuLin and WuQi at the northern of Shaanxi province.After 30-60 days,the all 58 mud pit which ecological recovery experiments carded out were got through the examination from Environmental Protection agency from local government.The recovery results indicated that the microbial method could effectively remediate the intermixture of drilling waste under the natural environmental condition in the northern of Shaanxi province.
引文
[1]Adam G,Gamoh K G,Morris D,et al.Effect of alcohol addition on the movement of petroleum hydrocarbon fuels in soils[J].Sci.Total Environ.,2001,286:15-25.
[2]Guerina T F,Hornerb S,McGovernb T,Daveyc B.An application of permeable reactive barrier technology to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater[J].Water Research,2002,36:15-24.
[3]Guerina T F,Hornerb S,McGovernb T,Daveyc B.An application of permeable reactive barrier technology to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater[J].Water Research,2002,36:15-24.
[4]RITTER W F.SCARBOROUGH R W.A review of bioremediation of contaminated soils and ground water[J].J.Environ.Sci.Health A,30(2):333-357.
[5]Lee M D,Bartha R.Effect of environmental parameters on the biodegradation of oil sludge[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1979,37(4):729-739.
[6]Zappi M E.Bioslurry Treatmentof a Soil Contaminated with Low Concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons[J],Journal of Hazardous Materials.1996,46(1):1-12.
[7]Audrew R A.Bioremediation:An effective semedial alternative for petroleum hydrocarbon-contamition soil[J].Environment Progress.1992,318-322.
[8]Li K Y.Rate Controlling Model for Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil[J],Environmental Progress.1993,12(4):257-261.
[9]Yeom I T.Mass transfer limitation in PAH-contaminated soil remediation[J].War.Sci.Tech.1998,37(8):111-119.
[10]Cameotra S S,Bollag J M.Biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2003,30:111-126.
[11]Margesin R,Schinner F.Effect of temperature on oil degradation by a psychrotrophic yeast in liquid culture and in oil[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1997,24(3):243-249.
[12]Vasudevan N.,Rajaram P.Bioremediation of oil sludge-contaminated soil[J].Environmental International,2001,26:409-411.
[13]Parker E.F.,Burgos W.D.Degradation patterns of fresh and sged petroleum-contaminated soils[J]. Environmental engineering science, 1999, 16 (1): 21-29.
[14]Li K Y, Annamalai S N, Hopper J R. Rare controlling model for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Progress, 1993, 12 (4): 257-261.
[15]Salanitro JP. Crude oil hydrocarbon bioremediation and soil ecotoxicity assessment[J].Environ Sci Technol,1997, 31 (6): 1769-1776.
[16]Philip B.Dorn, Joseph P.Salanitro. Temporal ecologyical assessment of oil contaminated soils before and after bioremediation[J].Chemosphere,2000,40 (4): 419-426.
[17]Reddy C.M.,Quinn J. GC-MS analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in sea water samples after the north cape oil spill[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,1999,38 (2): 126-135.
[18] Whyte L.G. Assessment of the biodegradation potential of psychrotrophic microorganism. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1996,42: 99-106.
[19]Edward J.C. Principles and practices for petroleum contaminated soils[M]. New York: Lewis Publishers, 1993.
[20] Joseph G. L. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbon in the environment [J]. Microbial Reviews, 1990, 54 (3): 305-315.
[21]Nocentini, M.; Pinelli, D.; Fava, F. Bioremediation of a soil contaminated by hydrocarbon mixtures: the residual concentration problem[J]. Chemosphere, 2000,41 (8): 1115-1123.
[22]Ronald M. Atlas. Bioremediation of Petroleum Pollutants[J]. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 1995, 35 (1-3): 317-327.
[23]G.Li, W. Huang, D.N. Lerner, et al. Enrichment of degrading microbes and bioremediation of petrochemical contaminants in polluted soil[J]. Wat. Res., 2000, 34 (15): 3845-3853.
[24]Jorgensen, K.S.; Puustinen, J.; Suortti, A.M. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting in biopiles[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2000, 107(2): 245-254.
[25]Simo ncyril U. Nwachukwu. Bioremediation of Sterile Agriculture Soils Polluted with Crude Petroleum by Application of the Soil Bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, with Inorganic Nutrient Supplementations [J]. Current Microbiology, 2001,42 (4): 231-236.
[26] Wilson S C. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polyunclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PHAs): a view[J]. Environmental Pollution, 1993, 81: 229-249.
[27] Atlas R M. Microbial hydrocarbon degradation-biodegradation of oil spill[J]. Chem. Tech.Biotechnol, 1991, 52: 149-156.
[28] James B R. remediation-by-reduction strategies for chromate-contaminated soil[J].Environ Geochem Health, 2001,23:175-179.
[29] Green G . Use of Surfactants in the Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils[J].Technical Rept. 1989, 30:512-519.
[30] Killham K S. Decontamination of drill cuttings and other waste material[P]. WO: 2004013455,2004-02-12.
[31] Dickerson Theodore. Process and material for bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils[P]. US: 5609667,1997-03-11.
[32]Li K Y, Annamalai S N, Hopper J R. Rare controlling model for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Progress, 1993, 12 (4): 257-261.
[33]ArinoS,etal..IdentifieationandProduetionofarhamnoliPidiebiosurfactantbyaPseudomonas sPeeies.APPIMierobiolBioteeh, 1996, 45:162—168.
[34]AmannRL, LndwigW, SehleiferKH.Phylogenetieidentifieationandinsitudeteetionof individualmierobialeellswithouteultivition.MierobiogiealReviews, 1995, 59:143—169.
[35]Byung-Hoon Cho, Hiroyuki Chino, Hirokazu Tsuji, et al. Laboratory-scale bioremediation of oil contaminated soil of Kuwaiti with soil amendment materials[J]. Chemosphere, 1997,35(7): 1599-1611.
[36]Simo ncyril U. Nwachukwu. Bioremediation of Sterile Agriculture Soils Polluted with Crude Petroleum by Application of the Soil Bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, with Inorganic Nutrient Supplementations [J]. Current Microbiology, 2001,42 (4): 231-236.
[37]Balba M. T. Al-Daher R.; Al-Awadhi N.;et al. Bioremediation of oil-contaminated desert soil: the Kuwaiti experience [J]. Environment International, 1998,24 (1-2): 163-173.
[38]Vasudevan N.,Rajaram P. Bioremediation of oil sludge-contaminated soil[J]. Environmental International, 2001,26 (5-6): 409-411.
[39]Raghavan P.U.M., Vivekannadan, M. Bioremediation of oil-spilled sites through seeding of naturally adapted Pseudomonas putida[J]. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 1999,44 (1): 29-32.
[40]史家梁,徐亚同,张圣章.环境微生物学[M],1993,上海:华东师范大学出版社.
[41]孙远军,聂麦茜,黄廷林,王蕾,李立伟,.石油降解优势菌的筛选和降解性能[J].水处理技术,2007,(8):47-49+57.
[42]李春荣,王文科,曹玉清,王丽娟,.石油污染土壤的生态效应及修复技术研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,(9):4-6+115.
[43]白洁,崔爱玲,吕艳华,.石油降解菌对石油烃的降解能力及影响因素研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2007,(3):41-48.
[44]陈延君,王红旗,王然,云影,.鼠李糖脂对微生物降解正十六烷以及细胞表面性质的影响[J].环境科学,2007,(9):2117-2122.
[45]黄磊,李丹,孙丹,谢玉娟,马挺,梁凤来,刘如林,.1株低温石油烃降解菌的分类鉴定及降解特性研究[J].环境科学,2007,(9):2101-2105.
[46]魏小芳,张忠智,郭绍辉,冀得坤,罗一菁,苏幼明,.外源微生物强化修复石油污染土壤的研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2007,(2):1-4.
[47]李英丽,刘晓艳,毛国成,关国新,戴春雷,冯进来,孙景欣,.油污土壤生物修复实验研究[J].油气田环境保护,2007,(3):25-28+60-61.
[48]李超敏,王加宁,邱维忠,迟建国,.高效降解石油细菌的分离鉴定及降解能力的研究[J].生物技术,2007,(4):80-82.
[49]郭伟,何孟常,杨志峰,.土壤/沉积物中石油烃微生物降解研究综述[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007,(3):276-283.
[50]程国玲,孙晖,杜葳,.菌根真菌对有机污染物的降解研究[J].土壤通报,2007,(4):799-803.
[51]张士萍,郑广宏,王磊,.石油污染的修复与处理技术[J].四川环境,2007,(4):76-82.
[52]宋雪英,宋玉芳,孙铁珩,李昕馨,孙丽娜,郑森林,.石油污染土壤生物修复中外源微生物的影响[J].环境科学学报,2007,(7):1168-1173.
[53]贾燕,尹华,彭辉,叶锦韶,秦华明,张娜,.石油降解菌株的筛选、初步鉴定及其特性[J].暨南大学学报,2007,(3):296-301.
[54]张淑玲,吕志超,吴吉夫,.石油污染土壤的微生物修复[J].黑龙江环境通报,2007,(2):16-17.
[55]谭丽泉,仇荣亮,.石油污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].牡丹江大学学报,2007,(5):77-79.
[56]张勤,张惠文,苏振成,李新宇,张成刚,.长期石油和重金属污染对农田土壤假单胞菌种 群多样性及结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,(6):1327-1332.
[57]李宝明,阮志勇,姜瑞波,.石油降解菌的筛选、鉴定及菌群构建[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007,(3):68-72.
[58]李晓岚,韩立胜,胡立诺,.生物修复技术处理石油钻采废物的实践经验[J].油气田环境保护,2007,(2):21-24+60.
[59]罗洪君,王绪远,赵骞,杨东明,张学佳,.石油污染土壤生物修复技术的研究进展[J].四川环境,2007,(3):104-109.
[60]程国玲,李培军,.石油污染土壤的植物与微生物修复技术[J].环境工程学报,2007,(6):91-96.
[61]袁峥,黄大军,.油田含盐混合废弃物无害化处理技术及应用[J].中国建设信息(水工业市场):,2007,(5):62-63.
[62]林宪策,蒋淑英,.废弃钻井液的蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验[J].黑龙江环境通报,2007,(3):31-32+49.
[63]盖明金.油田开发过程中主要污染物的产生及防治措施[J].中国石油大学胜利学院学报,2007,(2):12-14+21.
[64]张淑侠,.钻井混合废弃物固化处理工艺的研究与应用[J].安全与环境工程,2007,(2):63-67.
[65]彭园,杨旭,孙长健,.混合废弃物无害化处理方法研究[J].环境科学与管理,2007,(4):102-104.
[66]邓皓,刘光全,王蓉沙,谢水祥,刘生瑶,许毓,吴百春,.钻井环境污染源头控制技术综述[J].油气田环境保护,2007,(1):41-42+62.
[67]于承朋,严新新,.钻井废弃物处理的计算机模型[J].国外油田工程,2007,(1):27-29.
[68]罗学钊,.钻井废弃物污染及其防治措施[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(12):209+211.
[69]李颖,伍丹丹,彭园,.土地法处理钻井混合废弃物的生物降解环境分析[J].能源与环境,2006,(5):63-65.
[70]谢果,张强国,.钻井废废弃物作为复混肥料添加剂的实验研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版):,2006:(3):14-17.
[71]徐辉,王兵,钱衫衫,.废钻井液固化处理实验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2006,(4):139-141.
[72]赵荣峰,.废钻井液、废弃物的处理与控制对策[J].安全、健康和环境,2006,(5):32-33.
[73]林孟雄,李颖,伍丹丹,彭园,.油气田钻井混合废弃物土地法处理沥滤液扩散的环境分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006,(6):104-106.
[74]东秀珠,蔡妙英等.常见细菌系统鉴定手册(第一版)[M].科学出版社,2001,353-419.
[75]余红波,李忠庆,韩志田,张建轲,.浅论钻井废废弃物对环境的危害及处理技术[J].科技资讯,2006,(4):148-149.
[76]牛文林,陈礼仪,朱宗培,.钻井废弃物环保性能的评价方法[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程):,2005,(S1):312-313+316.
[77]汪九新.用微波消解-光度法测定废钻井液中的总铬[J].油气田环境保护,2005,(4):51-52+65.
[78]陈劲,阎禄,万希岭.钻井废弃物对环境的污染及防治措施[J].安全与环境工程,2003,(2):43-44.
[79]杨明杰,梁万林,金庆荣,吴西湖,于根年.钻井废废弃物综合治理技术研究[J].矿物岩石,2003,(1):109-112.
[80]李欣.油气田钻井废弃物的处理原则和工艺[J].环境工程,2003,(3):58-59+5.
[81]黄磊,李丹,谢玉娟,马挺,梁凤来,刘如林,李国强,.石油污染海域的微生物群落及烃的降解[J].微生物学通报,2007,(2):339-342.
[82]胡凌燕,孙东平,邵涛,陈纪昆,周伶俐,.混合菌群的筛选及其与白腐真菌串联降解石油的效果初探[J].化学与生物工程,2007,(5):34-37.
[83]马宏瑞,赵敏,张景飞,.假单胞菌DS-Ⅲ的脱氢酶活性与石油烃降解动力学特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,(2):559-562.
[84]王彦杰,李志国,洪秀杰,崔战利,王立勇,.三株假单胞菌对石油降解特性的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2007,(1):1-5.
[85]徐金兰,黄廷林,唐智新,肖洲强,.高效石油降解菌的筛选及石油污染土壤生物修复特性的研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,(4):622-628.
[86]郑金秀,彭祺,张甲耀,赵磊,赵晴,李艺婷,.产表面活性剂的石油降解菌降解特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,(1):5-7+114.
[87]曾玲玲,刘德福,张兴梅,.石油污染土壤的微生物治理研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2006,(6):48-51.
[88]赵瑞雪,刘淑梅,郑笑秋,.石油烃类的微生物降解[J].长春理工大学学 报,2006,(4):100-102.
[89]黄学,伍晓林,侯兆伟,.短短芽孢杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌降解原油烃机制研究[J].石油学报,2006,(5):92-95.
[90]郑金秀,彭祺,张甲耀,赵磊,赵晴,尹红梅,.优势降解菌群生物强化修复石油污染土壤[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,(5):1212-1216.
[91]李凤梅,郭书海,牛之欣,牛明芬,冷延慧,张春桂,.稠油降解菌的筛选及其对胶质和沥青质生物降解[J].土壤通报,2006,(4):764-767.
[92]林孟雄,李颖,伍丹丹,彭园,.油气田钻井混合废弃物土地法处理沥滤液扩散的环境分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006,(6):104-106.
[93]李玉瑛,郑西来,李冰,.石油污染与微生物群落结构的相互影响[J].生态环境,2006,(2):248-252.
[94]王红旗,陈延君,孙宁宁,.土壤石油污染物微生物降解机理与修复技术研究[J].地学前缘,2006,(1):134-139.
[95]钟毅,李广贺,张旭,金文标,杜譞,.污染土壤石油生物降解与调控效应研究[J].地学前缘,2006,(1):128-133.
[96]邓振山,任桂梅,张宝成,孙志宏,周茂林,雷超.陕北油田降解石油微生物的筛选及其降解能力[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(3):65-67.
[97]熊汉辉,易绍金.极端环境下的石油烃生物降解及其在生物修复中的应用[J].油气田环境保护,2005,(3):21-24+60.
[98]郑义平,易绍金.石油烃类降解菌在不同矿化度下的生长规律及去油效果研究[J].油气田环境保护,2005,(2):32-34+61.
[99]王红旗,刘敬奇,齐永强.土壤石油污染物中正构烷烃降解特性研究[J].上海环境科学,2004,(3):93-95.
[100]何翊,魏薇,吴海.菌剂-菌根联合修复石油污染土壤的实验研究[J].土壤,2004,(6):675-677.
[101]东秀珠,蔡妙英等.常见细菌系统鉴定手册(第一版)[M].科学出版社,2001,353-419.
[102]胡家俊,周群英.环境工程微生物学[M].1998,北京:高等教育出版社.
[2]Guerina T F,Hornerb S,McGovernb T,Daveyc B.An application of permeable reactive barrier technology to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater[J].Water Research,2002,36:15-24.
[3]Guerina T F,Hornerb S,McGovernb T,Daveyc B.An application of permeable reactive barrier technology to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater[J].Water Research,2002,36:15-24.
[4]RITTER W F.SCARBOROUGH R W.A review of bioremediation of contaminated soils and ground water[J].J.Environ.Sci.Health A,30(2):333-357.
[5]Lee M D,Bartha R.Effect of environmental parameters on the biodegradation of oil sludge[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1979,37(4):729-739.
[6]Zappi M E.Bioslurry Treatmentof a Soil Contaminated with Low Concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons[J],Journal of Hazardous Materials.1996,46(1):1-12.
[7]Audrew R A.Bioremediation:An effective semedial alternative for petroleum hydrocarbon-contamition soil[J].Environment Progress.1992,318-322.
[8]Li K Y.Rate Controlling Model for Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil[J],Environmental Progress.1993,12(4):257-261.
[9]Yeom I T.Mass transfer limitation in PAH-contaminated soil remediation[J].War.Sci.Tech.1998,37(8):111-119.
[10]Cameotra S S,Bollag J M.Biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2003,30:111-126.
[11]Margesin R,Schinner F.Effect of temperature on oil degradation by a psychrotrophic yeast in liquid culture and in oil[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1997,24(3):243-249.
[12]Vasudevan N.,Rajaram P.Bioremediation of oil sludge-contaminated soil[J].Environmental International,2001,26:409-411.
[13]Parker E.F.,Burgos W.D.Degradation patterns of fresh and sged petroleum-contaminated soils[J]. Environmental engineering science, 1999, 16 (1): 21-29.
[14]Li K Y, Annamalai S N, Hopper J R. Rare controlling model for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Progress, 1993, 12 (4): 257-261.
[15]Salanitro JP. Crude oil hydrocarbon bioremediation and soil ecotoxicity assessment[J].Environ Sci Technol,1997, 31 (6): 1769-1776.
[16]Philip B.Dorn, Joseph P.Salanitro. Temporal ecologyical assessment of oil contaminated soils before and after bioremediation[J].Chemosphere,2000,40 (4): 419-426.
[17]Reddy C.M.,Quinn J. GC-MS analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in sea water samples after the north cape oil spill[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,1999,38 (2): 126-135.
[18] Whyte L.G. Assessment of the biodegradation potential of psychrotrophic microorganism. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1996,42: 99-106.
[19]Edward J.C. Principles and practices for petroleum contaminated soils[M]. New York: Lewis Publishers, 1993.
[20] Joseph G. L. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbon in the environment [J]. Microbial Reviews, 1990, 54 (3): 305-315.
[21]Nocentini, M.; Pinelli, D.; Fava, F. Bioremediation of a soil contaminated by hydrocarbon mixtures: the residual concentration problem[J]. Chemosphere, 2000,41 (8): 1115-1123.
[22]Ronald M. Atlas. Bioremediation of Petroleum Pollutants[J]. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 1995, 35 (1-3): 317-327.
[23]G.Li, W. Huang, D.N. Lerner, et al. Enrichment of degrading microbes and bioremediation of petrochemical contaminants in polluted soil[J]. Wat. Res., 2000, 34 (15): 3845-3853.
[24]Jorgensen, K.S.; Puustinen, J.; Suortti, A.M. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting in biopiles[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2000, 107(2): 245-254.
[25]Simo ncyril U. Nwachukwu. Bioremediation of Sterile Agriculture Soils Polluted with Crude Petroleum by Application of the Soil Bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, with Inorganic Nutrient Supplementations [J]. Current Microbiology, 2001,42 (4): 231-236.
[26] Wilson S C. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polyunclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PHAs): a view[J]. Environmental Pollution, 1993, 81: 229-249.
[27] Atlas R M. Microbial hydrocarbon degradation-biodegradation of oil spill[J]. Chem. Tech.Biotechnol, 1991, 52: 149-156.
[28] James B R. remediation-by-reduction strategies for chromate-contaminated soil[J].Environ Geochem Health, 2001,23:175-179.
[29] Green G . Use of Surfactants in the Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils[J].Technical Rept. 1989, 30:512-519.
[30] Killham K S. Decontamination of drill cuttings and other waste material[P]. WO: 2004013455,2004-02-12.
[31] Dickerson Theodore. Process and material for bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils[P]. US: 5609667,1997-03-11.
[32]Li K Y, Annamalai S N, Hopper J R. Rare controlling model for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Progress, 1993, 12 (4): 257-261.
[33]ArinoS,etal..IdentifieationandProduetionofarhamnoliPidiebiosurfactantbyaPseudomonas sPeeies.APPIMierobiolBioteeh, 1996, 45:162—168.
[34]AmannRL, LndwigW, SehleiferKH.Phylogenetieidentifieationandinsitudeteetionof individualmierobialeellswithouteultivition.MierobiogiealReviews, 1995, 59:143—169.
[35]Byung-Hoon Cho, Hiroyuki Chino, Hirokazu Tsuji, et al. Laboratory-scale bioremediation of oil contaminated soil of Kuwaiti with soil amendment materials[J]. Chemosphere, 1997,35(7): 1599-1611.
[36]Simo ncyril U. Nwachukwu. Bioremediation of Sterile Agriculture Soils Polluted with Crude Petroleum by Application of the Soil Bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, with Inorganic Nutrient Supplementations [J]. Current Microbiology, 2001,42 (4): 231-236.
[37]Balba M. T. Al-Daher R.; Al-Awadhi N.;et al. Bioremediation of oil-contaminated desert soil: the Kuwaiti experience [J]. Environment International, 1998,24 (1-2): 163-173.
[38]Vasudevan N.,Rajaram P. Bioremediation of oil sludge-contaminated soil[J]. Environmental International, 2001,26 (5-6): 409-411.
[39]Raghavan P.U.M., Vivekannadan, M. Bioremediation of oil-spilled sites through seeding of naturally adapted Pseudomonas putida[J]. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 1999,44 (1): 29-32.
[40]史家梁,徐亚同,张圣章.环境微生物学[M],1993,上海:华东师范大学出版社.
[41]孙远军,聂麦茜,黄廷林,王蕾,李立伟,.石油降解优势菌的筛选和降解性能[J].水处理技术,2007,(8):47-49+57.
[42]李春荣,王文科,曹玉清,王丽娟,.石油污染土壤的生态效应及修复技术研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,(9):4-6+115.
[43]白洁,崔爱玲,吕艳华,.石油降解菌对石油烃的降解能力及影响因素研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2007,(3):41-48.
[44]陈延君,王红旗,王然,云影,.鼠李糖脂对微生物降解正十六烷以及细胞表面性质的影响[J].环境科学,2007,(9):2117-2122.
[45]黄磊,李丹,孙丹,谢玉娟,马挺,梁凤来,刘如林,.1株低温石油烃降解菌的分类鉴定及降解特性研究[J].环境科学,2007,(9):2101-2105.
[46]魏小芳,张忠智,郭绍辉,冀得坤,罗一菁,苏幼明,.外源微生物强化修复石油污染土壤的研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2007,(2):1-4.
[47]李英丽,刘晓艳,毛国成,关国新,戴春雷,冯进来,孙景欣,.油污土壤生物修复实验研究[J].油气田环境保护,2007,(3):25-28+60-61.
[48]李超敏,王加宁,邱维忠,迟建国,.高效降解石油细菌的分离鉴定及降解能力的研究[J].生物技术,2007,(4):80-82.
[49]郭伟,何孟常,杨志峰,.土壤/沉积物中石油烃微生物降解研究综述[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007,(3):276-283.
[50]程国玲,孙晖,杜葳,.菌根真菌对有机污染物的降解研究[J].土壤通报,2007,(4):799-803.
[51]张士萍,郑广宏,王磊,.石油污染的修复与处理技术[J].四川环境,2007,(4):76-82.
[52]宋雪英,宋玉芳,孙铁珩,李昕馨,孙丽娜,郑森林,.石油污染土壤生物修复中外源微生物的影响[J].环境科学学报,2007,(7):1168-1173.
[53]贾燕,尹华,彭辉,叶锦韶,秦华明,张娜,.石油降解菌株的筛选、初步鉴定及其特性[J].暨南大学学报,2007,(3):296-301.
[54]张淑玲,吕志超,吴吉夫,.石油污染土壤的微生物修复[J].黑龙江环境通报,2007,(2):16-17.
[55]谭丽泉,仇荣亮,.石油污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].牡丹江大学学报,2007,(5):77-79.
[56]张勤,张惠文,苏振成,李新宇,张成刚,.长期石油和重金属污染对农田土壤假单胞菌种 群多样性及结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,(6):1327-1332.
[57]李宝明,阮志勇,姜瑞波,.石油降解菌的筛选、鉴定及菌群构建[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007,(3):68-72.
[58]李晓岚,韩立胜,胡立诺,.生物修复技术处理石油钻采废物的实践经验[J].油气田环境保护,2007,(2):21-24+60.
[59]罗洪君,王绪远,赵骞,杨东明,张学佳,.石油污染土壤生物修复技术的研究进展[J].四川环境,2007,(3):104-109.
[60]程国玲,李培军,.石油污染土壤的植物与微生物修复技术[J].环境工程学报,2007,(6):91-96.
[61]袁峥,黄大军,.油田含盐混合废弃物无害化处理技术及应用[J].中国建设信息(水工业市场):,2007,(5):62-63.
[62]林宪策,蒋淑英,.废弃钻井液的蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验[J].黑龙江环境通报,2007,(3):31-32+49.
[63]盖明金.油田开发过程中主要污染物的产生及防治措施[J].中国石油大学胜利学院学报,2007,(2):12-14+21.
[64]张淑侠,.钻井混合废弃物固化处理工艺的研究与应用[J].安全与环境工程,2007,(2):63-67.
[65]彭园,杨旭,孙长健,.混合废弃物无害化处理方法研究[J].环境科学与管理,2007,(4):102-104.
[66]邓皓,刘光全,王蓉沙,谢水祥,刘生瑶,许毓,吴百春,.钻井环境污染源头控制技术综述[J].油气田环境保护,2007,(1):41-42+62.
[67]于承朋,严新新,.钻井废弃物处理的计算机模型[J].国外油田工程,2007,(1):27-29.
[68]罗学钊,.钻井废弃物污染及其防治措施[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(12):209+211.
[69]李颖,伍丹丹,彭园,.土地法处理钻井混合废弃物的生物降解环境分析[J].能源与环境,2006,(5):63-65.
[70]谢果,张强国,.钻井废废弃物作为复混肥料添加剂的实验研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版):,2006:(3):14-17.
[71]徐辉,王兵,钱衫衫,.废钻井液固化处理实验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2006,(4):139-141.
[72]赵荣峰,.废钻井液、废弃物的处理与控制对策[J].安全、健康和环境,2006,(5):32-33.
[73]林孟雄,李颖,伍丹丹,彭园,.油气田钻井混合废弃物土地法处理沥滤液扩散的环境分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006,(6):104-106.
[74]东秀珠,蔡妙英等.常见细菌系统鉴定手册(第一版)[M].科学出版社,2001,353-419.
[75]余红波,李忠庆,韩志田,张建轲,.浅论钻井废废弃物对环境的危害及处理技术[J].科技资讯,2006,(4):148-149.
[76]牛文林,陈礼仪,朱宗培,.钻井废弃物环保性能的评价方法[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程):,2005,(S1):312-313+316.
[77]汪九新.用微波消解-光度法测定废钻井液中的总铬[J].油气田环境保护,2005,(4):51-52+65.
[78]陈劲,阎禄,万希岭.钻井废弃物对环境的污染及防治措施[J].安全与环境工程,2003,(2):43-44.
[79]杨明杰,梁万林,金庆荣,吴西湖,于根年.钻井废废弃物综合治理技术研究[J].矿物岩石,2003,(1):109-112.
[80]李欣.油气田钻井废弃物的处理原则和工艺[J].环境工程,2003,(3):58-59+5.
[81]黄磊,李丹,谢玉娟,马挺,梁凤来,刘如林,李国强,.石油污染海域的微生物群落及烃的降解[J].微生物学通报,2007,(2):339-342.
[82]胡凌燕,孙东平,邵涛,陈纪昆,周伶俐,.混合菌群的筛选及其与白腐真菌串联降解石油的效果初探[J].化学与生物工程,2007,(5):34-37.
[83]马宏瑞,赵敏,张景飞,.假单胞菌DS-Ⅲ的脱氢酶活性与石油烃降解动力学特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,(2):559-562.
[84]王彦杰,李志国,洪秀杰,崔战利,王立勇,.三株假单胞菌对石油降解特性的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2007,(1):1-5.
[85]徐金兰,黄廷林,唐智新,肖洲强,.高效石油降解菌的筛选及石油污染土壤生物修复特性的研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,(4):622-628.
[86]郑金秀,彭祺,张甲耀,赵磊,赵晴,李艺婷,.产表面活性剂的石油降解菌降解特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,(1):5-7+114.
[87]曾玲玲,刘德福,张兴梅,.石油污染土壤的微生物治理研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2006,(6):48-51.
[88]赵瑞雪,刘淑梅,郑笑秋,.石油烃类的微生物降解[J].长春理工大学学 报,2006,(4):100-102.
[89]黄学,伍晓林,侯兆伟,.短短芽孢杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌降解原油烃机制研究[J].石油学报,2006,(5):92-95.
[90]郑金秀,彭祺,张甲耀,赵磊,赵晴,尹红梅,.优势降解菌群生物强化修复石油污染土壤[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,(5):1212-1216.
[91]李凤梅,郭书海,牛之欣,牛明芬,冷延慧,张春桂,.稠油降解菌的筛选及其对胶质和沥青质生物降解[J].土壤通报,2006,(4):764-767.
[92]林孟雄,李颖,伍丹丹,彭园,.油气田钻井混合废弃物土地法处理沥滤液扩散的环境分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006,(6):104-106.
[93]李玉瑛,郑西来,李冰,.石油污染与微生物群落结构的相互影响[J].生态环境,2006,(2):248-252.
[94]王红旗,陈延君,孙宁宁,.土壤石油污染物微生物降解机理与修复技术研究[J].地学前缘,2006,(1):134-139.
[95]钟毅,李广贺,张旭,金文标,杜譞,.污染土壤石油生物降解与调控效应研究[J].地学前缘,2006,(1):128-133.
[96]邓振山,任桂梅,张宝成,孙志宏,周茂林,雷超.陕北油田降解石油微生物的筛选及其降解能力[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(3):65-67.
[97]熊汉辉,易绍金.极端环境下的石油烃生物降解及其在生物修复中的应用[J].油气田环境保护,2005,(3):21-24+60.
[98]郑义平,易绍金.石油烃类降解菌在不同矿化度下的生长规律及去油效果研究[J].油气田环境保护,2005,(2):32-34+61.
[99]王红旗,刘敬奇,齐永强.土壤石油污染物中正构烷烃降解特性研究[J].上海环境科学,2004,(3):93-95.
[100]何翊,魏薇,吴海.菌剂-菌根联合修复石油污染土壤的实验研究[J].土壤,2004,(6):675-677.
[101]东秀珠,蔡妙英等.常见细菌系统鉴定手册(第一版)[M].科学出版社,2001,353-419.
[102]胡家俊,周群英.环境工程微生物学[M].1998,北京:高等教育出版社.