应急物资储备模式及其储备量研究
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摘要
自然灾害、事故灾难等突发事件的频繁发生,给人民群众生命及财产安全带来了巨大危害,对经济发展造成了一定影响。对突发事件的有效应对需要一定的应急物资储备,合理的储备模式及储备量能够在保障突发事件应对能力的基础上,提高资源利用效率,降低应急物资储备成本。但是,目前国内外学者的研究较多集中在突发事件发生后物资的筹集与调配决策等问题上,对于应急物资的储备研究相对较少。
本文针对应急物资的储备模式和储备量展开研究。在对我国应急物资储备现状分析的基础上,确定了应急物资的三种主要储备方式。将这三种储备方式进行组合,得到五种可行的应急物资储备模式。通过DEMATEL方法对应急物资分级指标进行关系分析,确定以时效性为基准的应急物资分级模型,不同级别应急物资采用不同的储备模式。不同储备模式下,以保障能力为约束,应急物资供应链利润最大化为目标,确定总的应急物资储备量及储备量在不同储备主体之间的分摊,并通过政府对协议企业补贴金额的调整达到应急物资供应链协调。引入算例,利用VC++实现模型的算法,验证了通过应急物资分级确定储备模式进而确定储备量的可行性和有效性,以期对我国应急物资储备提供有益的借鉴。
The frequently occurring of natural disasters, accidents and other emergencies not only damage people's life and property tremendously, but also cause a certain effect on economic development. A reasonable reserve of emergency resources can raise the emergency response capacity and enhance resources'use efficiency. However, the scholars at home and abroad more focused on the collection and distribution of emergency resources, and there are less researchs on the reserve of emergency resources.
This paper studies the reserve models and quantity of emergency resources. Current situation of emergency resources reserve in our country determines three major reserve ways, and then provides five feasible emergency resources reserve models by combining these three reserve ways. Analyzes the grading indicators of emergency resources through DEMATEL, builds the emergency resources grade model based on timeliness and elicits that emergency resources of different level should adopt different reserve models. Under different reserve models, determines the total amount of emergency reserve and the share between different reserve subjects, and then coordinates emergency resources supply chain through the adjustment of enterprise's subsidy in the condition of capacity constraint and emergency resources supply chain profit maximization as the goal. Finally, this paper employs rent reserve as an example, which implements the model's algorithm by VC++, to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method that determine the reserve model through the classification of emergency resources, and then calculates reserve quantity, in order to provide useful advice for emergency resources reserving in our country.
本文针对应急物资的储备模式和储备量展开研究。在对我国应急物资储备现状分析的基础上,确定了应急物资的三种主要储备方式。将这三种储备方式进行组合,得到五种可行的应急物资储备模式。通过DEMATEL方法对应急物资分级指标进行关系分析,确定以时效性为基准的应急物资分级模型,不同级别应急物资采用不同的储备模式。不同储备模式下,以保障能力为约束,应急物资供应链利润最大化为目标,确定总的应急物资储备量及储备量在不同储备主体之间的分摊,并通过政府对协议企业补贴金额的调整达到应急物资供应链协调。引入算例,利用VC++实现模型的算法,验证了通过应急物资分级确定储备模式进而确定储备量的可行性和有效性,以期对我国应急物资储备提供有益的借鉴。
The frequently occurring of natural disasters, accidents and other emergencies not only damage people's life and property tremendously, but also cause a certain effect on economic development. A reasonable reserve of emergency resources can raise the emergency response capacity and enhance resources'use efficiency. However, the scholars at home and abroad more focused on the collection and distribution of emergency resources, and there are less researchs on the reserve of emergency resources.
This paper studies the reserve models and quantity of emergency resources. Current situation of emergency resources reserve in our country determines three major reserve ways, and then provides five feasible emergency resources reserve models by combining these three reserve ways. Analyzes the grading indicators of emergency resources through DEMATEL, builds the emergency resources grade model based on timeliness and elicits that emergency resources of different level should adopt different reserve models. Under different reserve models, determines the total amount of emergency reserve and the share between different reserve subjects, and then coordinates emergency resources supply chain through the adjustment of enterprise's subsidy in the condition of capacity constraint and emergency resources supply chain profit maximization as the goal. Finally, this paper employs rent reserve as an example, which implements the model's algorithm by VC++, to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method that determine the reserve model through the classification of emergency resources, and then calculates reserve quantity, in order to provide useful advice for emergency resources reserving in our country.
引文
[1]刘春林,何建敏,施建军.一类应急物资调度的优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学.2001.9(3)：29-36
[2]戴更新,达庆利.多资源组合应急调度问题的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000.20(9)：52-55
[3]ZdamarL, EkinciE, Ku ukyazici B. Emergency logistics planning in natural disasters: models and algorithms for planningand scheduling problems [J]. Annals of Operations Research. 2004.129(1-4):217-245(29)
[4]缪成,许维胜,吴启迪.大规模应急救援物资运输模型的构建与求解[J].系统工程.2006.24(11)：6-12
[5]李昂,郭继坤,熊伟,钟荣俊.物资紧急调运资源点选取及运输量分配模型研究[J].物流科技.2007.(10)：4-6
[6]WeiY, Arun K. Ant colony optimization for disaster relief operations [J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review.2007.43(6):660-672
[7]邹铭,李保俊,王静爱,杨春燕,徐伟,史培军.中国救灾物资代储点优化布局研究[J].自然灾害学报.2004.13(4)：135-139
[8]韩强.一类应急物资调度的双层规划模型及其算法[A].第九届中国管理科学学术年会论文集[C].2007.716-719
[9]孙颖,池宏,贾传亮.多路径下应急资源调度的非线性混合整数规划模型[J].运筹与管理.2007.16(5)：5-8
[10]刘利民,王敏杰.我国应急物资储备优化问题初探[J].物流科技.2009(2).39-41
[11]徐东,黄定政.应急物流系列讲座之五——应急物资储备系统建设[J].流技术与应用.2008.13(11)：116-118
[12]苏传辉,袁斐.对加强城市应急储备体系建设的几点思考[J].国防.2008(9).17
[13]吕涛,聂锐.煤炭应急供应的储备机制研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2008(12).68-74
[14]金三林,米建国.我国石油储备体系建设的基本构想[J].中国软科学.2008(1).7-13
[15]柳长顺.关于建立我国水资源战略储备体系的探讨[J].水利发展研究.2008(2).20-25
[16]包玉梅.突发公共事件应急物资储备策略研究[J].科技信息.2008(34).67-69
[17]赵黎明.灾害物资储备模型探讨[J].华侨大学学报：自然科学版.1997(1).107-110
[18]姚令侃,汤家方,杨明.防洪物资储备决策方法初探[J].灾害学.2001.16(1)：29-34
[19]岳金柱,冯仲科,姜伟.运用信息熵构建森林消防物资储量优化模型研究[J].森林防火.2007(1).7-10
[20]孙永波,郭鹏,汪云甲.煤炭资源专项储备量的确定[J].煤炭学报.2005.30(5)：661-664
[21]秦军昌,王刊良.基于跨期的应急物资库存模型[J].系统管理学报.2009.18(1)：100-106
[22]张自立,李向阳,张紫琼.基于生产能力储备的应急产品生产问题[J].计算机集成制造系统.2009.15(7)：1349-1353
[23]王静爱,史培军,王平,王瑛.中国自然灾害时空格局[M].北京.科学出版社.2006
[24]夏萍,刘凯.应急物资供应链的研究与探讨[J].物流技术.2009.28(10)：111-113
[25]王丰,姜玉宏,王进.应急物流[M].北京.中国物资出版社.2007.2-7
[26]张旭凤.应急物资分类体系及采购战略分析[J].中国市场.2007(32).110-111
[27]姜玉宏,颜华,欧忠文,刘绪宇.应急物流中应急物资的管理研究[J].物流技术.2007.26(6)：17-19
[28]J.Jucker, M. Rosenblatt. Single-period inventory models with demand uncertainty and quantity discounts. Nav. Res. Logist Q.1985(32).537-550
[29]M. Khouja.The newsboy problem under progressive multiple discounts. Eur. J. Opl Res. 1995(84).458-466
[30]S. Haber and R. Sitgreaves. An optimal inventory model where resupply is possible but uncertain. J. Opn mgmt.1980(1)31-36
[31]H. Noori and G. Keller. One-period order quantity strategy with uncertain match between the amount received and quantity requisitioned. INFOR1986(24).1-11.
[32]G Gallego and I. Moon.The distribution free newsboy problem review and extensions. J. Opl Res. Soc.1993(44).825-834
[33]Y. Feng, G Gallego. Optimal starting times for end-of-season sales and optimal stopping times for promotional fares. Mgmt Sci.1995(41).1371-1391
[34]H. S. Lau, A. Lau. Reordering strategies for a Newsboy-type product. Eur. J. Opl Research. 1997(27).557-572
[35]H. S. Lau. The newsboy problem under alternative optimization. J. Opl Res. Soc. 1980(31).525-535
[36]I. Moon, S. choi. The distribution free newsboy problem with balking [J].Opl Res. Soc. 1995(46).537-542
[37]张小洪,黄会然,潘德惠.一类单一物品随机库存系统的最优库存控制模型.系统工程学报.2002.17：56-61
[38]Clark A, Scarf H. Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem [J].Management Science.1960.6:475-490
[39]Clark A, ScarfH. Approximat solutions to asimplemulti-echelon inventoy problem, in sutudies in applied probability and management science.k.arrow. s.karlin and h.scarf (eds.).Stanford university press, stanford, ca.[J].1962.88-110
[40]Chen F. Optimal Policies in Multi-echelon Inventory problems with Batch Ordering [M]. Operations Research.1996
[41]Badinalli R. A model for continuous-review pulls policies in serial inventory systems [J]. Operations Research.1992.40:142-156
[42]AxsaterS, Rosling K. Installation vs echelon stock policies for multi-level inventory control [J]. ManagementScience.1993.39:1274-1280[43]曹于忠,杨丹.不定需求情形下确定生产批量的方法[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2003[44] Schmidt C, Nahmias S. Optimal policy for a two-stage assembly system under random demand[J]. Qperations Research.1985.33:1130-1145 [45] Rosling K. Optimal inventory policies for assembly systems under random demand [J]. Operations Research.1989.31:1416-1430[46]于辉,陈剑,于刚.批发价契约下的供应链应对突发事件[J].系统工程理论与实践.2006(8).33-41
[47]于辉,陈剑,于刚.回购契约下供应链对突发事件的协调应对[J].系统工程理论与实践.2005(8).38-43
[48]张菊亮,陈剑.供应商管理库存应对突发事件[J].中国管理科学.2008.16(5)：71-76
[49]王文斐,张菊亮.一个VMI环境下的协调合约及其抗突发事件性[J].中国管理科学.2008.16：414-419
[2]戴更新,达庆利.多资源组合应急调度问题的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000.20(9)：52-55
[3]ZdamarL, EkinciE, Ku ukyazici B. Emergency logistics planning in natural disasters: models and algorithms for planningand scheduling problems [J]. Annals of Operations Research. 2004.129(1-4):217-245(29)
[4]缪成,许维胜,吴启迪.大规模应急救援物资运输模型的构建与求解[J].系统工程.2006.24(11)：6-12
[5]李昂,郭继坤,熊伟,钟荣俊.物资紧急调运资源点选取及运输量分配模型研究[J].物流科技.2007.(10)：4-6
[6]WeiY, Arun K. Ant colony optimization for disaster relief operations [J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review.2007.43(6):660-672
[7]邹铭,李保俊,王静爱,杨春燕,徐伟,史培军.中国救灾物资代储点优化布局研究[J].自然灾害学报.2004.13(4)：135-139
[8]韩强.一类应急物资调度的双层规划模型及其算法[A].第九届中国管理科学学术年会论文集[C].2007.716-719
[9]孙颖,池宏,贾传亮.多路径下应急资源调度的非线性混合整数规划模型[J].运筹与管理.2007.16(5)：5-8
[10]刘利民,王敏杰.我国应急物资储备优化问题初探[J].物流科技.2009(2).39-41
[11]徐东,黄定政.应急物流系列讲座之五——应急物资储备系统建设[J].流技术与应用.2008.13(11)：116-118
[12]苏传辉,袁斐.对加强城市应急储备体系建设的几点思考[J].国防.2008(9).17
[13]吕涛,聂锐.煤炭应急供应的储备机制研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2008(12).68-74
[14]金三林,米建国.我国石油储备体系建设的基本构想[J].中国软科学.2008(1).7-13
[15]柳长顺.关于建立我国水资源战略储备体系的探讨[J].水利发展研究.2008(2).20-25
[16]包玉梅.突发公共事件应急物资储备策略研究[J].科技信息.2008(34).67-69
[17]赵黎明.灾害物资储备模型探讨[J].华侨大学学报：自然科学版.1997(1).107-110
[18]姚令侃,汤家方,杨明.防洪物资储备决策方法初探[J].灾害学.2001.16(1)：29-34
[19]岳金柱,冯仲科,姜伟.运用信息熵构建森林消防物资储量优化模型研究[J].森林防火.2007(1).7-10
[20]孙永波,郭鹏,汪云甲.煤炭资源专项储备量的确定[J].煤炭学报.2005.30(5)：661-664
[21]秦军昌,王刊良.基于跨期的应急物资库存模型[J].系统管理学报.2009.18(1)：100-106
[22]张自立,李向阳,张紫琼.基于生产能力储备的应急产品生产问题[J].计算机集成制造系统.2009.15(7)：1349-1353
[23]王静爱,史培军,王平,王瑛.中国自然灾害时空格局[M].北京.科学出版社.2006
[24]夏萍,刘凯.应急物资供应链的研究与探讨[J].物流技术.2009.28(10)：111-113
[25]王丰,姜玉宏,王进.应急物流[M].北京.中国物资出版社.2007.2-7
[26]张旭凤.应急物资分类体系及采购战略分析[J].中国市场.2007(32).110-111
[27]姜玉宏,颜华,欧忠文,刘绪宇.应急物流中应急物资的管理研究[J].物流技术.2007.26(6)：17-19
[28]J.Jucker, M. Rosenblatt. Single-period inventory models with demand uncertainty and quantity discounts. Nav. Res. Logist Q.1985(32).537-550
[29]M. Khouja.The newsboy problem under progressive multiple discounts. Eur. J. Opl Res. 1995(84).458-466
[30]S. Haber and R. Sitgreaves. An optimal inventory model where resupply is possible but uncertain. J. Opn mgmt.1980(1)31-36
[31]H. Noori and G. Keller. One-period order quantity strategy with uncertain match between the amount received and quantity requisitioned. INFOR1986(24).1-11.
[32]G Gallego and I. Moon.The distribution free newsboy problem review and extensions. J. Opl Res. Soc.1993(44).825-834
[33]Y. Feng, G Gallego. Optimal starting times for end-of-season sales and optimal stopping times for promotional fares. Mgmt Sci.1995(41).1371-1391
[34]H. S. Lau, A. Lau. Reordering strategies for a Newsboy-type product. Eur. J. Opl Research. 1997(27).557-572
[35]H. S. Lau. The newsboy problem under alternative optimization. J. Opl Res. Soc. 1980(31).525-535
[36]I. Moon, S. choi. The distribution free newsboy problem with balking [J].Opl Res. Soc. 1995(46).537-542
[37]张小洪,黄会然,潘德惠.一类单一物品随机库存系统的最优库存控制模型.系统工程学报.2002.17：56-61
[38]Clark A, Scarf H. Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem [J].Management Science.1960.6:475-490
[39]Clark A, ScarfH. Approximat solutions to asimplemulti-echelon inventoy problem, in sutudies in applied probability and management science.k.arrow. s.karlin and h.scarf (eds.).Stanford university press, stanford, ca.[J].1962.88-110
[40]Chen F. Optimal Policies in Multi-echelon Inventory problems with Batch Ordering [M]. Operations Research.1996
[41]Badinalli R. A model for continuous-review pulls policies in serial inventory systems [J]. Operations Research.1992.40:142-156
[42]AxsaterS, Rosling K. Installation vs echelon stock policies for multi-level inventory control [J]. ManagementScience.1993.39:1274-1280[43]曹于忠,杨丹.不定需求情形下确定生产批量的方法[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2003[44] Schmidt C, Nahmias S. Optimal policy for a two-stage assembly system under random demand[J]. Qperations Research.1985.33:1130-1145 [45] Rosling K. Optimal inventory policies for assembly systems under random demand [J]. Operations Research.1989.31:1416-1430[46]于辉,陈剑,于刚.批发价契约下的供应链应对突发事件[J].系统工程理论与实践.2006(8).33-41
[47]于辉,陈剑,于刚.回购契约下供应链对突发事件的协调应对[J].系统工程理论与实践.2005(8).38-43
[48]张菊亮,陈剑.供应商管理库存应对突发事件[J].中国管理科学.2008.16(5)：71-76
[49]王文斐,张菊亮.一个VMI环境下的协调合约及其抗突发事件性[J].中国管理科学.2008.16：414-419