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经营者股票期权激励障碍研究
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摘要
作为一种重要的激励机制,经营者股票期权(Executive Stock Option,以下简称ESO)在西方国家得到了广泛而成功的应用。近年来,我国一些企业也纷纷引入ESO制度,希望通过该制度来有效解决我国企业经历了20多年的改革却仍未从根本上解决的经营者激励问题。现代企业的一个显著特征是所有权与经营权分离,由此产生剩余索取权和剩余控制权与资本所有权不匹配的问题,为了解决这一问题,企业界和理论界在进行着不断地探索和实践。ESO制度无疑是解决这一问题的一种很好的制度创新。ESO是企业所有者给予经营者在未来一定时期按照约定的价格购买本公司股票的一种权利,它在一定程度上解决了企业剩余索取权和剩余控制权与资本所有权不匹配的矛盾,使经营者与股东利益最大限度地内在一致。但是,由于我国市场经济体系尚未完善,现阶段在我国推行ESO制度,无论在法律法规、市场体系、公司治理结构还是人们的思想认识方面都存在很多的障碍,如何有效地克服、解决这些障碍将是决定ESO制度能否在我国产生实际效应的关键所在。因此该文章的研究对我国理论界探索ESO制度、对我国企业界实施ESO制度、对我国政府部门规范实施ESO制度都将具有极其重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义。文章采取实证分析和规范分析相结合的研究方法,在写作思路上,从ESO的概述出发,以ESO制度在我国实施中遇到的一系列障碍作为线索,最后分析了克服和解决这些障碍的途径并以一套适合我国国情的ESO制度规范设计方案作为文章的研究结果。文章首先介绍了ESO这一在理论和实践上具有重大创新意义的激励机制,并指出这一在国外取得了广泛而成功应用的制度可以为我国企业界引进。其后回顾了我国经营者激励机制的历史进程,认为我国经营者激励机制无论是过去还是现在都存在严重的激励不足的问题,指出ESO制度是解决这一问题的一种很好的制度安排,是我国企业界的必然选择。接着,文章详述了ESO激励制度的效应并进行了实证分析,阐述了ESO制度蕴涵的深厚理论基础及其在现实中产生的巨大激励效应。文章在对ESO制度进行上述阐述的基础上,重点论述了ESO制度在我国目前实施中遇到的一系列障碍,这些障碍既有法律法规、市场体系方面的,又有公司治理结构方面的,其至人们思想认识方面的。不设法克服、解决这些障碍,ESO制度就无法顺利实施。文章最后详细地、有针对性地提出了如何克服、解决这些障碍的对策,指出:虽然股票期权制度在我国的实践中遇到了诸多障碍,虽然股票期权制度的发展与完善决非一日之功,但随着我国各项法规政策的不断健全,资本市场的日趋成熟,公司治理结构的深入进行,加之我们对股票期权制度认识的不断深入,从而对股票期权激励制度进行科学合理的设计操作,相信这一制度必将对我国的公司治理、企业改革和经营者的长期激励产生深远的影响。
As a important incentive mchanism,Executive Stock Option(hereinafter short for ESO) has got a wide and successful application in the west countries.In recent years,this system has been introduced by some of our enterprises.They hope that this system can successfully solve our enterprises problem of inspiring managers, which has not solved in the past over 20 years reformation .A distinctive feature of modern enterprise is the seperation of the ownership and the managership. Therefore,the problem that the rights of surplus-claiming and surplus-controlling don t match the capital ownership comes into being. In order to solve this problem,the enterprise circles and the theory circles are exploring and practicing incessantly.Undoubtedly,ESO is a excellent system innovation to solve this problem.ESO is a right afforded by the owner of the enterprise to the managers to purchase the enterprise s stock.lt solve the contradiction in some degree that the rights of surplus-claiming and surplus-controlling don t match the capital ownership.therefore it makes the benefit between managers and stockholders accord inherently as much as possible.However,owing to the unsoundness of our market economic system,putting ESO in practice at present time will suffer from many drawbacks.which lie at the aspects of law and regulation market system corporation harness,even at the aspect of people s idea and consciousness.How to overcome and solve those drawbacks effectively is a key problem whether ESO will bring practical effect or not in China.Therefore, the research in this paper will has extreme importance of realistic meaning and far-reaching strategic meaning for theory circles to probe ESO system,for enterprise circles to put ESO in practice and for governments to limit and restrict ESO system.The paper uses the way of practical and standard analysis.In writing of this paper,the author begins with the summary and uses the clue of drawbacks from which ESO suffer in China,then analyses how to overcome and solve these drawbacks and designs a suitable ESO project as: this paper s research result.Firstly,the paper introduces ESO,which is a incentive mechanism with greatly innovative meaning in theory and practice,and indicates that this system which has been applied widely and successfully in abroad can also be introduced into our enterprises.Secondly,the paper reviews the history of our mechanism of inspiring managers ,and thinks that the mechanism of inspiring managers has the problem of severely lacking of inspiration ,however in the past or at present time,and points out that ESO is a good system arrangement and the inevitable choice for our enterprises.Thirdly,the paper detailedly introduces the effect of ESO system and uses the way of practical analysis, and expatiates the profound theory foundation of ESO
    
    
    
    system and the extremely incentive effect in reality.Then,basing on above discussion of ESO,the paper lays emphasis on the drawbacks that ESO system suffer from in China.In these drawbacks,there are law and regulation, market system, corporation harness.even the people sidea and consciousness.Only do we try our best to overcome and solve these problems,ESO system can put in practice successfully.Finally,the paper brings forward countermeasures in detail and purposefully how to overcome and solve these drawback.Then the author points out that although ESO system suffer from many drawbacks in China,even the development and consummation of ESO system can t be completed in a short time, with the soundness of our legislation and policy,and with the maturity of our capital market,and with the deeply proceeding of our corporate harness structure,together with our continual cognition of ESO system ,thereby designing the ESO system scientificly and rationally ,the author think that ESO system will bring far-reaching impact on our corporate harness, enterprise reform and inspiring managers in a long time.
引文
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