南四湖湿地区洪水风险与土地利用变化研究
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摘要
土地利用变化是国际上全球变化研究的热点问题之一,是全球环境研究的热点和前沿问题,而湿地被誉为“地球之肾”。南四湖是我国华北地区的第一大淡水湖,是山东省最大的湖泊与主要的水源地,同时又是南水北调东线工程的重要枢纽。南四湖湿地区的土地利用变化反应了该地区的自然环境-人类活动相互影响的变化。南四湖为浅碟形湖泊,湖底较浅,水深普遍不及1.5m,因此每逢流域丰水季节,水位上涨迅速,容易发生洪涝灾害。深入进行南四湖湿地区洪水风险胁迫下的土地利用变化的研究,不仅有利于缓解湖泊周边地区的土地利用紧张的矛盾,而且可以为解决退田还湖地区耕地保护与湿地恢复之间的矛盾,为南水北调东线工程影响涉及的南四湖湿地区的湿地保护及土地利用提供指导,为其土地资源的可持续开发利用提供科学依据与支持。
全文的研究主要可以分为五个部分。
本文首先对国内外的土地利用变化研究现状和动向进行了相关论述,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出本文的主要研究内容与研究方法,并制定出研究技术路线。
第二部分主要介绍了南四湖湿地区的自然地理和社会经济概况,介绍了南四湖地区历史上发生的旱灾与洪涝灾害的情况,并详细论述了南四湖湿地区的水文特征与土地资源的利用现状。
第三部分对南四湖湿地区的洪水风险进行了分析,主要对1998年、2003年洪涝年份和2002年大旱年份进行了典型年份的水文背景的分析,最后通过多年(1951—2007)水位数据资料,补充、修正了南四湖水位—面积曲线。
第四部分利用南四湖流域1987年、1997年、2004年的TM影像,结合相关的专题资料和调查数据,提取了南四湖湿地区需要的遥感信息,据此对南四湖湿地区的土地利用变化进行分析,得出耕地与湿地之间的转化是南四湖湿地区主要的土地利用转移模式,而自然驱动(主要是降水、洪水变化驱动)和人为驱动(包括围垦、人工养殖、退田还湖政策和市场经济)是影响南四湖湿地区土地利用变化的主要原因。
第五部分通过设定1998年洪水重现水位和南水北调东线工程运行后南四湖水位两种不同的洪水风险情景,进行了研究分析,论证了洪水风险对南四湖湿地区耕地与湿地之间的转移变化所产生的重要影响。
在以上研究的基础上,文章指出应该处理好耕地保护与湿地恢复之间的矛盾,处理好南四湖湿地区退耕还湿、退田还湖、人工湿地的建设之间的关系,同时应密切关注南四湖水位的变化,提高南四湖抵御洪水的能力。
Land use change is not only one of the hot topics of global change research, but also a hot and foreland topic of global environment research. Wetland is called kidney of the earth. Lake Nansihu, the largest freshwater lake in North China region, is also the largest lake as well as the primary water source of Shandong province. What’s more, it’s also an important hinge on eastern route of South-to-north water diversion project. Land use change about wetland area of Lake Nansihu is the response of man-land relationship changes of this area. As a shallow-papilionaceous lake, Lake Nansihu has a flat and shallow bottom, which provides favorable conditions for rapidly run-up water levels. And all this makes flood of this area easy to take place. In-depth research on land use change of wetland area of Lake Nansihu under the compel of flood risk, can help to relief the contradiction between cultivated land protection and wetland restoration in the area where returning cultivated land to lake has taken place, thus offering guidance for wetland protection and land use in wetland area of Lake Nansihu where eastern route of South-to-north water diversion project go through; Such research can also provide scientific proof and support for sustainable use of land resources of this area.
The first part of this paper discusses about the status and trend of land use change research both home and abroad. And then, on the basis of summarizing the current scholarship, this paper points out the main contents and methods of this research, and formulates technique route as well.
The second part of this paper mainly describes the physical geography and socio-economic overviews of the wetland area of Lake Nansihu, discusses the lake’s historical drought and flood disasters, and elaborates its hydrological characteristics and current status on land use.
The third part analyzes the flood risk of the wetland area of Lake Nansihu, which concludes that the rainfall and water use in industry and agriculture is the main reason for water level changes. And then, we analyzes the hydrological characteristics of typical years, which are 1998 and 2003, the years of flood and 2002, the year of drought. Finally, based on the years’ (1951-2007) water level data, the area curve of water level of Lake Nansi is updated.
In the fourth part, using TM images of Lake Nansihu in 1987, 1997, 2004 combined with special materials and survey data, we extract the remote sensing information of the wetland area of Lake Nansihu. And based on this, we conduct the analysis on Lake Nansihu’s land use change, which concludes that the conversion between cultivated land and wetland is the main transfer patterns of Lake Nansihu’s land use, and flood changes driving force, natural driving force (mainly precipitation) and human driving force (including land reclamation, artificial breeding, Lake in the policy and market economy) are the main reasons for land use change of Lake Nansihu.
The fifth part makes a conclusion that the flood risk has important influence on the transfer changes between the cultivated land in the humid area of Lake Nansihu and wetland, by setting the reoccurrence water level of the 1998 flood water and analyzing on the two different flood risk scenarios of Lake Nansihu after the eastern route of South-to-north water diversion project completed.
On the basis of the above research, this paper points out that we should do well with the contradiction between cultivated land protection and wetland restoration, and the relationship between reverting cultivated land to wetland, wetland restoration, pond lakes restoration and construction of artificial wetland. Meanwhile, we should pay close attention to changes of Lake Nansihu’s water levels in order to improve flood resistance ability of Lake Nansihu.
全文的研究主要可以分为五个部分。
本文首先对国内外的土地利用变化研究现状和动向进行了相关论述,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出本文的主要研究内容与研究方法,并制定出研究技术路线。
第二部分主要介绍了南四湖湿地区的自然地理和社会经济概况,介绍了南四湖地区历史上发生的旱灾与洪涝灾害的情况,并详细论述了南四湖湿地区的水文特征与土地资源的利用现状。
第三部分对南四湖湿地区的洪水风险进行了分析,主要对1998年、2003年洪涝年份和2002年大旱年份进行了典型年份的水文背景的分析,最后通过多年(1951—2007)水位数据资料,补充、修正了南四湖水位—面积曲线。
第四部分利用南四湖流域1987年、1997年、2004年的TM影像,结合相关的专题资料和调查数据,提取了南四湖湿地区需要的遥感信息,据此对南四湖湿地区的土地利用变化进行分析,得出耕地与湿地之间的转化是南四湖湿地区主要的土地利用转移模式,而自然驱动(主要是降水、洪水变化驱动)和人为驱动(包括围垦、人工养殖、退田还湖政策和市场经济)是影响南四湖湿地区土地利用变化的主要原因。
第五部分通过设定1998年洪水重现水位和南水北调东线工程运行后南四湖水位两种不同的洪水风险情景,进行了研究分析,论证了洪水风险对南四湖湿地区耕地与湿地之间的转移变化所产生的重要影响。
在以上研究的基础上,文章指出应该处理好耕地保护与湿地恢复之间的矛盾,处理好南四湖湿地区退耕还湿、退田还湖、人工湿地的建设之间的关系,同时应密切关注南四湖水位的变化,提高南四湖抵御洪水的能力。
Land use change is not only one of the hot topics of global change research, but also a hot and foreland topic of global environment research. Wetland is called kidney of the earth. Lake Nansihu, the largest freshwater lake in North China region, is also the largest lake as well as the primary water source of Shandong province. What’s more, it’s also an important hinge on eastern route of South-to-north water diversion project. Land use change about wetland area of Lake Nansihu is the response of man-land relationship changes of this area. As a shallow-papilionaceous lake, Lake Nansihu has a flat and shallow bottom, which provides favorable conditions for rapidly run-up water levels. And all this makes flood of this area easy to take place. In-depth research on land use change of wetland area of Lake Nansihu under the compel of flood risk, can help to relief the contradiction between cultivated land protection and wetland restoration in the area where returning cultivated land to lake has taken place, thus offering guidance for wetland protection and land use in wetland area of Lake Nansihu where eastern route of South-to-north water diversion project go through; Such research can also provide scientific proof and support for sustainable use of land resources of this area.
The first part of this paper discusses about the status and trend of land use change research both home and abroad. And then, on the basis of summarizing the current scholarship, this paper points out the main contents and methods of this research, and formulates technique route as well.
The second part of this paper mainly describes the physical geography and socio-economic overviews of the wetland area of Lake Nansihu, discusses the lake’s historical drought and flood disasters, and elaborates its hydrological characteristics and current status on land use.
The third part analyzes the flood risk of the wetland area of Lake Nansihu, which concludes that the rainfall and water use in industry and agriculture is the main reason for water level changes. And then, we analyzes the hydrological characteristics of typical years, which are 1998 and 2003, the years of flood and 2002, the year of drought. Finally, based on the years’ (1951-2007) water level data, the area curve of water level of Lake Nansi is updated.
In the fourth part, using TM images of Lake Nansihu in 1987, 1997, 2004 combined with special materials and survey data, we extract the remote sensing information of the wetland area of Lake Nansihu. And based on this, we conduct the analysis on Lake Nansihu’s land use change, which concludes that the conversion between cultivated land and wetland is the main transfer patterns of Lake Nansihu’s land use, and flood changes driving force, natural driving force (mainly precipitation) and human driving force (including land reclamation, artificial breeding, Lake in the policy and market economy) are the main reasons for land use change of Lake Nansihu.
The fifth part makes a conclusion that the flood risk has important influence on the transfer changes between the cultivated land in the humid area of Lake Nansihu and wetland, by setting the reoccurrence water level of the 1998 flood water and analyzing on the two different flood risk scenarios of Lake Nansihu after the eastern route of South-to-north water diversion project completed.
On the basis of the above research, this paper points out that we should do well with the contradiction between cultivated land protection and wetland restoration, and the relationship between reverting cultivated land to wetland, wetland restoration, pond lakes restoration and construction of artificial wetland. Meanwhile, we should pay close attention to changes of Lake Nansihu’s water levels in order to improve flood resistance ability of Lake Nansihu.
引文
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