基于参数化设计的智能CAD开发平台的研究与开发
|
摘要
随着CAD 软件的应用不断深化,通用CAD 系统存在的不足逐渐暴露出来,主要体现在以下两个方面:第一,同类产品的设计过程中存在大量重复性工作; 另一方面,缺乏对产品设计过程中决策性工作的支持。
为了解决以上问题,本文研究和开发了基于参数化设计的智能CAD 技术和系统。该系统用于设计特定的产品。它不但具有智能设计能力,还具有自动生成图形的能力。前者能给产品设计过程中的决策工作提供支持; 后者则可以把设计人员从繁重的绘图工作中解脱出来。智能设计功能通过知识库系统实现。知识库系统以“知识库+推理机”架构构建,它应用知识推理技术进行推理,从而实现智能设计。其中,知识库由抽象化的产品设计知识构成,推理机是通过调用知识库中的知识进行推理的机构。图形自动生成功能由专门的图形生成系统实现。该系统采用根据模板生成图形和程序绘图两种生成图形的方法,实现所有设计文档的输出。
为了缩短智能CAD 系统的开发周期,建立了基于参数化设计的智能CAD 开发平台。利用该平台可以快速开发出针对特定产品设计的智能CAD 系统。开发过程分为两步,首先根据用户需求归纳出产品设计知识,并加入到知识库中,然后完成图形生成系统的开发,使得系统能够输出用户要求的结果。通过这种方法,以该开发平台为基础开发出了基于KMCAD2003 的哈空调管束智能CAD 系统——HKTCAD。
As the application of CAD software is deepened, the deficiency of the traditional CAD system has been exposed gradually. First, a large amount of work is done repeatedly in the design process of the similar product; on the other hand, the support to design is insufficient in the design process of products.
In order to solve the above problems, this thesis researches and develops an intellectual CAD technology and system based on parametric design which is used for developing intellectual CAD system for the design of a specific product. This intellectual CAD system not only has ability of intelligent design but also has ability to produce the figure automatically. The former can provide support for designing products; and the latter can free the designer from the tedious repeat drafting operations. The function of intelligent design can be realized through using the knowledge base system which is structured on "knowledge base + reasoning machine" and carry on reasoning via knowledge reasoning technology for intelligent design. The knowledge base is comprised of abstract products design knowledge, and the reasoning machine is a mechanism carrying on reasoning in terms of the knowledge in the knowledge base. Function of producing the figure automatically is realized by the special system which can produce all figures with two kinds of methods to produce figure, one of which is that figures are produced by revising templates, and the other is that figures are drawn through the procedure.
In order to shorten the development cycle of intellectual CAD system, a developing platform has been set up. Based on the platform, an intellectual CAD system for specific product design can be developed rapidly. The development process can be devided into two steps. Firstly, summarizes the design knowledge of the products according to the user's requirements and adds them to the knowledge base. Then finishes development of the drawing generation system which can meet user’s demand pefectly.With the method, an intellectual CAD system used to design the petroleum pipeline air conditioner system for Air conditioner Limited Company of Harbin(HKTCAD) has been developed.
为了解决以上问题,本文研究和开发了基于参数化设计的智能CAD 技术和系统。该系统用于设计特定的产品。它不但具有智能设计能力,还具有自动生成图形的能力。前者能给产品设计过程中的决策工作提供支持; 后者则可以把设计人员从繁重的绘图工作中解脱出来。智能设计功能通过知识库系统实现。知识库系统以“知识库+推理机”架构构建,它应用知识推理技术进行推理,从而实现智能设计。其中,知识库由抽象化的产品设计知识构成,推理机是通过调用知识库中的知识进行推理的机构。图形自动生成功能由专门的图形生成系统实现。该系统采用根据模板生成图形和程序绘图两种生成图形的方法,实现所有设计文档的输出。
为了缩短智能CAD 系统的开发周期,建立了基于参数化设计的智能CAD 开发平台。利用该平台可以快速开发出针对特定产品设计的智能CAD 系统。开发过程分为两步,首先根据用户需求归纳出产品设计知识,并加入到知识库中,然后完成图形生成系统的开发,使得系统能够输出用户要求的结果。通过这种方法,以该开发平台为基础开发出了基于KMCAD2003 的哈空调管束智能CAD 系统——HKTCAD。
As the application of CAD software is deepened, the deficiency of the traditional CAD system has been exposed gradually. First, a large amount of work is done repeatedly in the design process of the similar product; on the other hand, the support to design is insufficient in the design process of products.
In order to solve the above problems, this thesis researches and develops an intellectual CAD technology and system based on parametric design which is used for developing intellectual CAD system for the design of a specific product. This intellectual CAD system not only has ability of intelligent design but also has ability to produce the figure automatically. The former can provide support for designing products; and the latter can free the designer from the tedious repeat drafting operations. The function of intelligent design can be realized through using the knowledge base system which is structured on "knowledge base + reasoning machine" and carry on reasoning via knowledge reasoning technology for intelligent design. The knowledge base is comprised of abstract products design knowledge, and the reasoning machine is a mechanism carrying on reasoning in terms of the knowledge in the knowledge base. Function of producing the figure automatically is realized by the special system which can produce all figures with two kinds of methods to produce figure, one of which is that figures are produced by revising templates, and the other is that figures are drawn through the procedure.
In order to shorten the development cycle of intellectual CAD system, a developing platform has been set up. Based on the platform, an intellectual CAD system for specific product design can be developed rapidly. The development process can be devided into two steps. Firstly, summarizes the design knowledge of the products according to the user's requirements and adds them to the knowledge base. Then finishes development of the drawing generation system which can meet user’s demand pefectly.With the method, an intellectual CAD system used to design the petroleum pipeline air conditioner system for Air conditioner Limited Company of Harbin(HKTCAD) has been developed.
引文
[1] 张凯.我国工程设计CAD 发展现状调查及“甩图板”对策研究.工程设计CAD 及自动化,1997.1
[2] 童秉枢.试论CAD 技术的发展[J]. 工程图学学报,1999, (3):18~22
[3] 沈云锡.对企业深化应用CAD 技术的几点建议.[J]广西机械, 2002, (1): 33~36
[4] Online-Help of AutoCAD. URL [OL]. http://www.autodesk.com
[5] 杨秀芸,贾铭钰.CAD 技术的应用与发展趋势浅析.海淀走读大学学报,2003,62(2): 84~88
[6] 孙进平.计算机辅助设计的现状与发展.海淀走读大学学报,2003,64(4):82~86
[7] 黄培,常超.企业信息化系列技术.现代制造工程,2001,(9):9~11
[8] 蔡汉明,陈清奎.机械CAD/CAM 技术,机械工业出版社,2002
[9] 陈琪,徐林林,高洁.CAD 技术的发展趋势.机电产品开发与创新,2002(4)
[10] 卢艳军,李翠红.面向对象的零件设计专家系统中知识库的研究[J]. 河北建筑科技学院学报, 2001,18(1):29~31
[11] Francionni.Mi. A Software Engineering Tool for Expert System Design. IEEE Expert, Springer 1988:24~26
[12] 高福运,白跃伟.面向个人定制的CAD 系统的开发.见:数字化设计与制造学术会议论文集.西南交通大学.2003.
[13] Paul W. Horstmann, Edward P.Stabler. Computer Aided Design (CAD) Using Logic Programming. 21st Design Automation Conference:144~150
[14] SET SUO.O.Toward Intelligence CAD System[J].Computer Aided Design,1982, 21(5):30~34
[15] KMCAD2003 文件格式定义. URL [OL]. http://www.e-works.net.cn
[16] 李强,何援军,骆轶殊等.基于COM 技术的CAD 系统二次开发能力设计.计算机工程,2002,27(12):147~148
[17] 赵奇平.CAD 软件二次开发方法与技术探索.理工高教研究,2002,21(4):125~126
[18] 王克宏,汤志忠,胡蓬.知识工程与知识处理系统.北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[19] G Kellogg.From Data Management to Knowledge Management. Computer,1996(1)
[20] 吴顺祥,吉国力.数据库系统与知识库系统的对比分析.计算机工程与应用,1999,(9):83~85
[21] J.A.Bondy,U.S.R.Murty.Gragh Theory with Applications.American Elsevier,1976
[22] 孙立新,张怡梅.平面曲线求交的改进算法[J].计算机工程与应用,1999,26(5): 26~28
[23] Peng O S.An Algorithm for Finding the Intersection Lines between Two B-Spline Surface [J]. Computer Aided Design,1984,6(4):191~196
[24] 王晓东.数据结构与算法设计.电子工业出版社,2002
[25] E.Horowitz,S.Sahni,D.Methta.Fundamentals of Data Structures in C++.W.H.Freeman, Newyork,NY,1994
[26] 沈一栋.知识工程.科学技术出版社,1992
[27] 王永庆.人工智能原理与方法.西安交通大学出版社,1997
[28] William Birmingham,Rostam Joobbani,Jin Kim. Knowledge-Based Expert System and Their Application. 23rd Design Automation Conference:531~539
[29] D.Su, M.Wakelam, K.Jambunathan. Intergration of a knowledge-base system, artificial neural networks and multimedia for gear design[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2000,(107):53-59
[30] 李启炎.工程CAD.机械工业出版社,1994
[31] Roller,D.Approach to Computer-aided Parametric Design.Computer Aided Design, 1991,23(5):385~391
[32] 潘云鹤,智能CAD 系统与模型,浙江大学出版社,1997
[33] 徐啸锋,周儒荣,周来水. 智能CAD 中产品设计知识的研究[J]. 计算机辅助工程. 2002,(3):8~12
[34] 陈靖芯, 李红, 徐晶等. 基于知识的智能化设计方法及其实现. 农业机械学报,2003,34(4):109~112
[35] A.K.Mazouz,A.Souilah,M.Talbi. Design of an expert system for generating optimal assembly sequences[J], Computer-Aided Design Journal,1991,(11):255~259
[36] W.B.Frakes,C.J.Fox . An Approach to Integrating Expert System Comonents into Production Software. IEEE,1987
[37] 师胜利,聂磊,梁艳. 智能CAD 系统的知识库设计[J]. 河北师范大学学报,2001, 25(2): 171~174
[38] 周济,查建中,肖人彬. 智能设计[M]. 高等教育出版,1997
[39] R.A. Frost, Introduction to Knowledge Base System. Collins Professional and Technical Book, London, 1986(3)
[40] Rippon,S. Using CAD for Design and more. Fuel and Energy Abstracts. 1997,38(3): 55~68
[41] M.Rao,J.P.Tsai,T.S.Jiang. An Intelligence Decision-maker for Optimal Control[J], Applied Artifical Intelligence,1998,(2):285~305
[42] 李龙澎,程慧霞. 一种面向对象产生式系统的体系结构和规则模型[J]. 计算机研究与发展,1997,(6):416~420
[43] Kunihiko Higa,Mike Morrison,Joline Morrison,e.g.. An Object-Oriented Methodology for Knowledge Base/DataBase Coupling. Communications of the ACM,1992,35(6):99~113
[44] 叶亚齐,许梦国.面向对象方法构造基于规则专家系统. 信息技术,2004,28(8):69~71
[45] 顾晓华,仲梁维.基于知识工程的参数化设计.设计与研究,2001,30(4):17~18
[46] 范思冲.画法几何及机械制图.机械工业出版社,1998
[47] 李亮. 2004 最新机械制图与机械制图标准实用手册.宁夏大地音像出版社,2004
[2] 童秉枢.试论CAD 技术的发展[J]. 工程图学学报,1999, (3):18~22
[3] 沈云锡.对企业深化应用CAD 技术的几点建议.[J]广西机械, 2002, (1): 33~36
[4] Online-Help of AutoCAD. URL [OL]. http://www.autodesk.com
[5] 杨秀芸,贾铭钰.CAD 技术的应用与发展趋势浅析.海淀走读大学学报,2003,62(2): 84~88
[6] 孙进平.计算机辅助设计的现状与发展.海淀走读大学学报,2003,64(4):82~86
[7] 黄培,常超.企业信息化系列技术.现代制造工程,2001,(9):9~11
[8] 蔡汉明,陈清奎.机械CAD/CAM 技术,机械工业出版社,2002
[9] 陈琪,徐林林,高洁.CAD 技术的发展趋势.机电产品开发与创新,2002(4)
[10] 卢艳军,李翠红.面向对象的零件设计专家系统中知识库的研究[J]. 河北建筑科技学院学报, 2001,18(1):29~31
[11] Francionni.Mi. A Software Engineering Tool for Expert System Design. IEEE Expert, Springer 1988:24~26
[12] 高福运,白跃伟.面向个人定制的CAD 系统的开发.见:数字化设计与制造学术会议论文集.西南交通大学.2003.
[13] Paul W. Horstmann, Edward P.Stabler. Computer Aided Design (CAD) Using Logic Programming. 21st Design Automation Conference:144~150
[14] SET SUO.O.Toward Intelligence CAD System[J].Computer Aided Design,1982, 21(5):30~34
[15] KMCAD2003 文件格式定义. URL [OL]. http://www.e-works.net.cn
[16] 李强,何援军,骆轶殊等.基于COM 技术的CAD 系统二次开发能力设计.计算机工程,2002,27(12):147~148
[17] 赵奇平.CAD 软件二次开发方法与技术探索.理工高教研究,2002,21(4):125~126
[18] 王克宏,汤志忠,胡蓬.知识工程与知识处理系统.北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[19] G Kellogg.From Data Management to Knowledge Management. Computer,1996(1)
[20] 吴顺祥,吉国力.数据库系统与知识库系统的对比分析.计算机工程与应用,1999,(9):83~85
[21] J.A.Bondy,U.S.R.Murty.Gragh Theory with Applications.American Elsevier,1976
[22] 孙立新,张怡梅.平面曲线求交的改进算法[J].计算机工程与应用,1999,26(5): 26~28
[23] Peng O S.An Algorithm for Finding the Intersection Lines between Two B-Spline Surface [J]. Computer Aided Design,1984,6(4):191~196
[24] 王晓东.数据结构与算法设计.电子工业出版社,2002
[25] E.Horowitz,S.Sahni,D.Methta.Fundamentals of Data Structures in C++.W.H.Freeman, Newyork,NY,1994
[26] 沈一栋.知识工程.科学技术出版社,1992
[27] 王永庆.人工智能原理与方法.西安交通大学出版社,1997
[28] William Birmingham,Rostam Joobbani,Jin Kim. Knowledge-Based Expert System and Their Application. 23rd Design Automation Conference:531~539
[29] D.Su, M.Wakelam, K.Jambunathan. Intergration of a knowledge-base system, artificial neural networks and multimedia for gear design[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2000,(107):53-59
[30] 李启炎.工程CAD.机械工业出版社,1994
[31] Roller,D.Approach to Computer-aided Parametric Design.Computer Aided Design, 1991,23(5):385~391
[32] 潘云鹤,智能CAD 系统与模型,浙江大学出版社,1997
[33] 徐啸锋,周儒荣,周来水. 智能CAD 中产品设计知识的研究[J]. 计算机辅助工程. 2002,(3):8~12
[34] 陈靖芯, 李红, 徐晶等. 基于知识的智能化设计方法及其实现. 农业机械学报,2003,34(4):109~112
[35] A.K.Mazouz,A.Souilah,M.Talbi. Design of an expert system for generating optimal assembly sequences[J], Computer-Aided Design Journal,1991,(11):255~259
[36] W.B.Frakes,C.J.Fox . An Approach to Integrating Expert System Comonents into Production Software. IEEE,1987
[37] 师胜利,聂磊,梁艳. 智能CAD 系统的知识库设计[J]. 河北师范大学学报,2001, 25(2): 171~174
[38] 周济,查建中,肖人彬. 智能设计[M]. 高等教育出版,1997
[39] R.A. Frost, Introduction to Knowledge Base System. Collins Professional and Technical Book, London, 1986(3)
[40] Rippon,S. Using CAD for Design and more. Fuel and Energy Abstracts. 1997,38(3): 55~68
[41] M.Rao,J.P.Tsai,T.S.Jiang. An Intelligence Decision-maker for Optimal Control[J], Applied Artifical Intelligence,1998,(2):285~305
[42] 李龙澎,程慧霞. 一种面向对象产生式系统的体系结构和规则模型[J]. 计算机研究与发展,1997,(6):416~420
[43] Kunihiko Higa,Mike Morrison,Joline Morrison,e.g.. An Object-Oriented Methodology for Knowledge Base/DataBase Coupling. Communications of the ACM,1992,35(6):99~113
[44] 叶亚齐,许梦国.面向对象方法构造基于规则专家系统. 信息技术,2004,28(8):69~71
[45] 顾晓华,仲梁维.基于知识工程的参数化设计.设计与研究,2001,30(4):17~18
[46] 范思冲.画法几何及机械制图.机械工业出版社,1998
[47] 李亮. 2004 最新机械制图与机械制图标准实用手册.宁夏大地音像出版社,2004