赤竹亚族（Sasinae Keng f.）系统分类的研究
摘要
赤竹亚族(Sasinae)植物是散生竹中相对低矮的灌木状竹类,主要分布在我国南方各省,归属于名下的异枝竹属(Metasasa)和铁竹属(Ferrocalamus)一直存在争议,而赤竹属(Sasa)和箬竹属(Indocalamus)若干竹种的合并与归属分歧也较大。本文从传统形态分类、地下茎解剖、数量性状并结合3种分子标记手段等方面回顾了我国赤竹亚族系统分类的历史和现状。
利用RAPD,ISSR,SSR三种分子标记技术聚类分析了赤竹亚族32个竹种的种间遗传距离,结果显示:(1)三种分子标记技术能够按照箨耳有无这一重要形态特征进行聚合。(2)异枝竹属不归于赤竹亚族得到分子标记聚类支持。(3)RAPD,ISSR不支持泡箬(I. lacunosus)作为阔叶箬竹(I. latifolius)的异名处理,支持铁竹属单独成属。(4)RAPD聚类结果与传统分类更加接近。
数量性状结果显示:(1)根据箨耳有无这一典型特征区隔开的两大类群轮廓明显。(2)不支持华箬竹属(Sasamorpha)与赤竹属的归并处理,聚类显示华箬竹属与箬竹属成员关系密切。
地下茎解剖发现:(1)赤竹亚族17个样品中都没有发现通气道。(2)皮层外纤维束分布特征可以作为种内界定的依据。
通过查阅模式标本、原始文献并结合原产地样本采集,将菲白竹( S. fortunei)等4种1变种从该亚族排除,将密脉箬竹( I. pseudosinicus var. densinervillus)、柔毛箬竹(I. guangdongensis var. mollis)与原变种合并处理。经整理,国产赤竹亚族有32种4变种,其中2种2变种为新组合。
Sasinae is one of comparative small shrub-like monopodial bamboos and mainly distributs in southern provinces of China. Metasasa and Ferrocalamus once attributed to Sasinae have been controversial. Whether some species of Sasa and Indocalamus can be combined and belonged to other genus or not still has many problems. The native systematic history and present status of Sasinae were reviewed based on classical taxonomy, comparative anatomy of the rhizomes, numerical taxonomy, as well as three kinds of molecular markers.
Interspecies genetic distance of 32 species in Sasinae were analyzed using RAPD, ISSR and SSR, The results showed:(1)The phenograms were constructed by three types of molecular markers to cluster 32 species researched based on the availability of auricles.(2)The dendogram by molecular markers confirmed that Metasasa not belong to Sasinae.(3)The analysis of RAPD and ISSR does not support I. lacunosus as a synonym of I. latifolius, Ferrrocalamus was attributed to a separate genera.(4)The results of RAPD were in consistance with that of the analysis of morphology.
The results of the numerical taxonomy showed: (1)As a typical characteristic, the auricle separates 32 species into two groups.(2)Sasamorpha was not supported to belong to Sasa, and was closely related to Indocalamus.
The anatomic studies on 17 rhizome samples reveals that air canal was not discoveried and the distribution of fiber srrand can be used as the basis for defining infra-species taxon.
In the basis of checking type specimen, original description, and field observation, Four species and a variety such as S. fortunei were excluded from Sasinae. I. pseudosinicus var. densinervillus and I. guangdongensis var. mollis were attributed respectively to their original variant. In this paper, 32 species and 4 varieties of native Sasinae were recorded and described briefly, 4 new combinations including 2 species and 2 varieties were given.
利用RAPD,ISSR,SSR三种分子标记技术聚类分析了赤竹亚族32个竹种的种间遗传距离,结果显示:(1)三种分子标记技术能够按照箨耳有无这一重要形态特征进行聚合。(2)异枝竹属不归于赤竹亚族得到分子标记聚类支持。(3)RAPD,ISSR不支持泡箬(I. lacunosus)作为阔叶箬竹(I. latifolius)的异名处理,支持铁竹属单独成属。(4)RAPD聚类结果与传统分类更加接近。
数量性状结果显示:(1)根据箨耳有无这一典型特征区隔开的两大类群轮廓明显。(2)不支持华箬竹属(Sasamorpha)与赤竹属的归并处理,聚类显示华箬竹属与箬竹属成员关系密切。
地下茎解剖发现:(1)赤竹亚族17个样品中都没有发现通气道。(2)皮层外纤维束分布特征可以作为种内界定的依据。
通过查阅模式标本、原始文献并结合原产地样本采集,将菲白竹( S. fortunei)等4种1变种从该亚族排除,将密脉箬竹( I. pseudosinicus var. densinervillus)、柔毛箬竹(I. guangdongensis var. mollis)与原变种合并处理。经整理,国产赤竹亚族有32种4变种,其中2种2变种为新组合。
Sasinae is one of comparative small shrub-like monopodial bamboos and mainly distributs in southern provinces of China. Metasasa and Ferrocalamus once attributed to Sasinae have been controversial. Whether some species of Sasa and Indocalamus can be combined and belonged to other genus or not still has many problems. The native systematic history and present status of Sasinae were reviewed based on classical taxonomy, comparative anatomy of the rhizomes, numerical taxonomy, as well as three kinds of molecular markers.
Interspecies genetic distance of 32 species in Sasinae were analyzed using RAPD, ISSR and SSR, The results showed:(1)The phenograms were constructed by three types of molecular markers to cluster 32 species researched based on the availability of auricles.(2)The dendogram by molecular markers confirmed that Metasasa not belong to Sasinae.(3)The analysis of RAPD and ISSR does not support I. lacunosus as a synonym of I. latifolius, Ferrrocalamus was attributed to a separate genera.(4)The results of RAPD were in consistance with that of the analysis of morphology.
The results of the numerical taxonomy showed: (1)As a typical characteristic, the auricle separates 32 species into two groups.(2)Sasamorpha was not supported to belong to Sasa, and was closely related to Indocalamus.
The anatomic studies on 17 rhizome samples reveals that air canal was not discoveried and the distribution of fiber srrand can be used as the basis for defining infra-species taxon.
In the basis of checking type specimen, original description, and field observation, Four species and a variety such as S. fortunei were excluded from Sasinae. I. pseudosinicus var. densinervillus and I. guangdongensis var. mollis were attributed respectively to their original variant. In this paper, 32 species and 4 varieties of native Sasinae were recorded and described briefly, 4 new combinations including 2 species and 2 varieties were given.
引文
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