高职护理专业毕业生质量评价体系的研究
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摘要
目的
构建高职护理专业毕业生质量评价指标体系,研制《用人单位对高职护理专业毕业生质量评价表》,为用人单位评价高职护理专业毕业生的质量提供标准,为高职护理专业人才培养和教育改进提供依据。
方法
本研究在文献调研、理论分析的基础上,从分析高职护理专业毕业生的质量要求入手,运用系统思维和分解目标要素的方法,初步拟定了评价指标体系的基本框架;应用Delphi法,通过3轮专家咨询确定指标体系的结构和各指标的权重,构建了高职护理专业毕业生质量评价指标体系;根据评价指标的内涵,研制了《高职护理专业毕业生质量评价表》。并对该评价表的信度和效度进行了分析。
结果
1、专家咨询结果的可靠性分析结果
应用Delphi法,专家积极性系数为86%～95%;专家权威性系数为0.823;三轮专家咨询的协调系数分别为0.439、0.914、0.974;P值均为0.000。
2、评价表信、效度的分析结果
(1)评价表总的Cronbach'α系数为0.9444,其中政治思想素质、职业能力素质、身心素质三项一级指标的系数分别为0.8432、0.9231、0.8365;重测相关系数为0.878,证明评价表具有较好的信度。
(2)根据专家的主观评价,本研究所拟订的评价表具有良好的内容效度;在本研究中,33个指标的相关矩阵,KMO值(抽样适度测度值)为0.963,Bartletts球形检验的X~2值为12339.685,P＜0.001,说明本研究适合做因子分析。采用主成分因子分析法,分别计算33个变量的特征值,提取前三个变量作为主成分。这三个主成分累计贡献率为49.514%。对因子载荷矩阵进行方差最大正交旋转获得的因子结构与评价表设计的构想结构基本一致。
结论
构建了高职护理专业毕业生质量评价指标体系,它包括3个一级指标,10个二级指标,33个三级指标;根据评价指标体系,制定了《高职护理专业毕业生质量评价表》。该评价表具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为毕业生质量评价的有效测评工具。
Objective
The purpose of the research is to construct the Indicators System for the Evaluation of Higher Vocational Nursing Graduates' Quality and to design《Forms of evaluation of Higher Nursing Vocational Graduates' Quality》,which could provide the criteria for the evaluation and make the basis for reforming the work of Higher Nursing Vocational education.
Methods
Based on literatures reviewing and theoretical analysis,First the study probe into the base and principles of building up the indicators system for the evaluation of higher nursing vocational graduates' quality,then draft tentatively the basic framework of the indicators system on the base of analyzing higher nursing vocational graduates' quality element,contents,etc.Appling for Delphi method to consult experts on indictors items,weights and to analyze the reliability of the experts'ideas.After the three rounds of consultation,the indicators system is set up and relative form is developed according to the criteria.The objects of investigation are 345 higher nursing vocational graduates from five hospitals.The validity and reliability of the evaluation results are examined.All quantitative data of the questionnaire survey was analyzed by SPSS12.0.The reliability and the validity of the form is tested.The reliability analysis included Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability.The validity analysis included content,construct validity.
Results
The results of this study are as follows:
1.having constructed a indicators system for the evaluation of higher vocational nursing graduates' quality,which composed of 3first class indicators,10 second ones and33 third ones.
2.Reliability of the Expert Consultation
The enthusiasm coefficient of specialists were 86%～95%;The degree of specialist authority were 0.823.The coordination coefficient of the specialists'opinion were 0.439,0.914,0.974 respectively.
3.Reliability of the form
We tested the internal consistency including Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability.Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the overall form was 0.9444,while the three dimensions were 0.8365～0.9231;The test-retest reliability coefficient of the whole form was 0.878.We concluded that the internal consistency reliability was satisfying.
4.Validity of the form
According to experts'subjective evaluation,we concluded the content validity of the form is satisfying.In the study,the factor analysis was employed.With the method of principle components,three factors were extracted according to the structure of the form.The cumulative variance of the three factors was 49.514%,Loading for each factor was greater than 0.3,indicating that the structure of the form was matching with the theoretical constructions.
Conclusions
1.A indicators system for the evaluation of higher vocational nursing graduates' quality has been constructed,which composed of three first class indicators,ten second ones and 33third ones.
2.《Forms of evaluation of Nursing Vocational Graduates' Quality》has been developed.The form showed excellent reliability and validity and was an appropriate measure instrument that can be used to evaluating the quality of higher nursing vocational graduates.
构建高职护理专业毕业生质量评价指标体系,研制《用人单位对高职护理专业毕业生质量评价表》,为用人单位评价高职护理专业毕业生的质量提供标准,为高职护理专业人才培养和教育改进提供依据。
方法
本研究在文献调研、理论分析的基础上,从分析高职护理专业毕业生的质量要求入手,运用系统思维和分解目标要素的方法,初步拟定了评价指标体系的基本框架;应用Delphi法,通过3轮专家咨询确定指标体系的结构和各指标的权重,构建了高职护理专业毕业生质量评价指标体系;根据评价指标的内涵,研制了《高职护理专业毕业生质量评价表》。并对该评价表的信度和效度进行了分析。
结果
1、专家咨询结果的可靠性分析结果
应用Delphi法,专家积极性系数为86%～95%;专家权威性系数为0.823;三轮专家咨询的协调系数分别为0.439、0.914、0.974;P值均为0.000。
2、评价表信、效度的分析结果
(1)评价表总的Cronbach'α系数为0.9444,其中政治思想素质、职业能力素质、身心素质三项一级指标的系数分别为0.8432、0.9231、0.8365;重测相关系数为0.878,证明评价表具有较好的信度。
(2)根据专家的主观评价,本研究所拟订的评价表具有良好的内容效度;在本研究中,33个指标的相关矩阵,KMO值(抽样适度测度值)为0.963,Bartletts球形检验的X~2值为12339.685,P＜0.001,说明本研究适合做因子分析。采用主成分因子分析法,分别计算33个变量的特征值,提取前三个变量作为主成分。这三个主成分累计贡献率为49.514%。对因子载荷矩阵进行方差最大正交旋转获得的因子结构与评价表设计的构想结构基本一致。
结论
构建了高职护理专业毕业生质量评价指标体系,它包括3个一级指标,10个二级指标,33个三级指标;根据评价指标体系,制定了《高职护理专业毕业生质量评价表》。该评价表具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为毕业生质量评价的有效测评工具。
Objective
The purpose of the research is to construct the Indicators System for the Evaluation of Higher Vocational Nursing Graduates' Quality and to design《Forms of evaluation of Higher Nursing Vocational Graduates' Quality》,which could provide the criteria for the evaluation and make the basis for reforming the work of Higher Nursing Vocational education.
Methods
Based on literatures reviewing and theoretical analysis,First the study probe into the base and principles of building up the indicators system for the evaluation of higher nursing vocational graduates' quality,then draft tentatively the basic framework of the indicators system on the base of analyzing higher nursing vocational graduates' quality element,contents,etc.Appling for Delphi method to consult experts on indictors items,weights and to analyze the reliability of the experts'ideas.After the three rounds of consultation,the indicators system is set up and relative form is developed according to the criteria.The objects of investigation are 345 higher nursing vocational graduates from five hospitals.The validity and reliability of the evaluation results are examined.All quantitative data of the questionnaire survey was analyzed by SPSS12.0.The reliability and the validity of the form is tested.The reliability analysis included Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability.The validity analysis included content,construct validity.
Results
The results of this study are as follows:
1.having constructed a indicators system for the evaluation of higher vocational nursing graduates' quality,which composed of 3first class indicators,10 second ones and33 third ones.
2.Reliability of the Expert Consultation
The enthusiasm coefficient of specialists were 86%～95%;The degree of specialist authority were 0.823.The coordination coefficient of the specialists'opinion were 0.439,0.914,0.974 respectively.
3.Reliability of the form
We tested the internal consistency including Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability.Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the overall form was 0.9444,while the three dimensions were 0.8365～0.9231;The test-retest reliability coefficient of the whole form was 0.878.We concluded that the internal consistency reliability was satisfying.
4.Validity of the form
According to experts'subjective evaluation,we concluded the content validity of the form is satisfying.In the study,the factor analysis was employed.With the method of principle components,three factors were extracted according to the structure of the form.The cumulative variance of the three factors was 49.514%,Loading for each factor was greater than 0.3,indicating that the structure of the form was matching with the theoretical constructions.
Conclusions
1.A indicators system for the evaluation of higher vocational nursing graduates' quality has been constructed,which composed of three first class indicators,ten second ones and 33third ones.
2.《Forms of evaluation of Nursing Vocational Graduates' Quality》has been developed.The form showed excellent reliability and validity and was an appropriate measure instrument that can be used to evaluating the quality of higher nursing vocational graduates.
引文
1 赵士斌.改进教育评估 保证教育质量.医学教育,2005,4(8):1-3
2 金娣,王刚.教育评价与测量.北京:教育科学出版社,2002.65
3 涂恒汉.创新教育评价.上海:东方出版中心,2006.84—85
4 Ryan,M.E.& Hodson,K.E.Employer evaluations of nurse graduates:A critical program assessment element.Joural of nursing Education,1992,31:198-202
5 Ryanme,Hodson KE.Employer evaluation of nurse graduates:a critical program assessment element.Joural of nursing Education,1992,31(5):198-202
6 金美媛.护理教育努力发展现状.见:第五届中韩护理学术交流会议论文汇编.2002
7 李丹,苏兰若.高职护理专业毕业生质量评价的调查与分析.中华护理杂志,2005,40(10):780-781
8 蒋海蓝,曹和安,曾玉华.国内外护理本科毕业生质量评价方法的研究现状.护理管理杂志,2007,7(2):19-21
9 姚爱国.高等职业教育社会评价制度研究:[博士学位论文].华东师范大学:2006
10 陈玉琨.我国教育评价发展的世纪回顾与未来展望.华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2000,1:6—8
11 刘民.医学本科毕业生质量评价指标体系的建立及实测研究:[硕士学位论文].江西师范大学,2005
12 虞丽娟.立体化素质教育论.上海:上海教育出版社,2006.219—224
13 文华,陈丽.高职护理KAQ人才培养模式的构建.卫生职业教育,2005,(23):5—6
14 赵博伦,姜安丽.对护理大专毕业前能力及素质的评估.解放军护理杂志,2004,(21):46—48
15 刘振华主编.医学人才学.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.150—162
16 郑翠红,姜晓鹰.对护理本科毕业生工作能力的调查及评价.中华护理教育,2005,2(3):18-20
17 姜晓鹰,罗先武.护理本科毕业生临床能力的社会评价与分析.中国护理管理,2006,(8):9—11
18 刘迪成.护理专业不同层次毕业生专业综合能力的调查研究.中华护理杂志,2003,(38): 426—428
19 Brown B.Delphi Process:a Methodogy Using for the Elicitation of Opinions of Experts.The Rand Corporation,1987,9:3925
20 李桃.护理本科毕业生质量评价指标体系研究:[硕士学位论文].四川大学,2002
21 平卫伟.综述,谭红专 审校.Delphi法的研究进展及其在医学中的应用.疾病控制杂志,2003,(7):243—245
22 肖化移.高等职业教育质量标准研究:[博士学位论文].华东师范大学,2005
23 韩映雄.高等教育质量研究.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2003.21
24 贾继海,杨百梅.论大众化阶段我国高等职业教育质量观.教育与职业,2005,35(12):34-36
25 李芳芳.护理本科生专业素质结构理论模型和评价指标体系的研究.[硕士学位论文].第二军医大学,2003
26 姜安丽主编.护理教育学.北京:人民卫生出版社.2006.115
27 史建平,简党生.住院医师规范化培训考核指标体系的研究::硕士学位论文.新疆医科大学,2006
28 Hugh P McKenna,DPhil BSc DipN RMN RGN AdvDipEd RNT The Delphi technique:a worthwhile research approach for nursing?J Adv Nurs,1994,19(6):1221-1225
29 Hasson F,Keeney S,McKenna,H,Research.guidelines for the Delphi survey technique.J Adv Nurs,2000,32:1008-1015
30 Jane S,Patrick H.Identifying appropriate tasks for the preregistration year:modified Delphi technique[J].,1999,319:224-229
31 吴雪,冯美丽.护理核心能力教学模式的评价方法.现代护理,2005,11(1):72—74
32 削顷贞主编.护理研究.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.86—91
33 吴雅文,姜安丽,李树贞.对护理情感教育与护士职业态度问题的思考.中华护理杂志,1999,34(5):296—298
34 卢纹岱主编.SPSS for Windows统计分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.481—482
35 巫嘉陵,王世民.[四个脑卒中量表的信度与效度研究].天津医科大学硕士学位论文 200754—67
36 郭绣花.实用医学调查分析技术.北京:人民军医出版社,2003.276—278
1 蒋海蓝,曹和安,曾玉华.国内外护理本科毕业生质量评价方法的研究现状.护理管理杂志,2007,7(2):19-21
2 赵士斌.改进教育评估 保证教育质量.医学教育,2005,4(8):1-3
3 程伯基.医学教育的质量保证.医学教育探索,2003,2(2):1-3
4 姚爱国.高等职业教育社会评价制度研究:[博士学位论文].华东师范大学:2006
5 李桃,朱丹.毕业生质量的社会评价在高等护理教育中的运用.中国实用护理杂志,2004,20(1):56-57
6 Ryan,M.E.& Hodson,K.E.(1992).Employer evaluations of nurse graduates:A critical program assessment element Joural of nursing Education,31,198-202
7 Ryanme,Hodson KE.Employer evaluation of nurse graduates:a critical program assessment element Joural of nursing Education,1992,31(5):198-202
8 金美媛.护理教育努力发展现状.见:第五届中韩护理学术交流会议论文汇编.2002
9 李丹,苏兰若.高职护理专业毕业生质量评价的调查与分析.中华护理杂志,2005,40(10):780-781
10 姜晓鹰,罗先武.护理本科毕业生临床能力的社会评价与分析.中国护理管理,2006,(8):9—11
11 张秀军,李俊.安徽医科大学本科毕业生质量追踪调查分析.医学教育,2004,6(12):56-58
12 宋延月,张允庆,于书彦.毕业生质量及教学情况调查与评价.西北医学教育,1998,16(3):138-140
13 郑翠红,姜晓鹰.对护理本科毕业生工作能力的调查及评价.中华护理教育,2005,2(3):18-20
14 阮满真.护理本科毕业生质量社会评价的研究现状与分析.护理学杂志,2006,21(9):71-73
15 姜安丽.21世纪护理教育发展现状及我国护理教育面临的挑战和发展策略.解放军护理杂志,2004,21(12):1-3
16 《现代汉语辞典》.北京:商务印书馆.1998,1488—1489
17 陈玉琨.教育评价学.北京:人民教育出版社,2005,7-8
18 罗萍,颜家珍.毕业生质量社会评价的现状及思考.中国高等医学教育,1996,(3):37—39
19 金娣,王刚.教育评价与测量.教育科学出版社,2002.65
20 Salva Faillar,RN,DNS,Mary Ann Maher,RN,MA,MN,and Charles A.Duffy,PhD Evaluation of Graduates of an Associate Degree Nursing Program Joural of nursing Education Feb 1999;38,2:62-64
21 Lowry JS,Janet T,David G.From school to work:employer perceptions of nursing skills Joural for Nurses in Staff Development,2000,16(2):80-85
22 Ryanme,Hodson KE.Employer evaluation of nurse graduates:a critical program assessment element Joural of nursing Education,1992,31(5):198-202
2 金娣,王刚.教育评价与测量.北京:教育科学出版社,2002.65
3 涂恒汉.创新教育评价.上海:东方出版中心,2006.84—85
4 Ryan,M.E.& Hodson,K.E.Employer evaluations of nurse graduates:A critical program assessment element.Joural of nursing Education,1992,31:198-202
5 Ryanme,Hodson KE.Employer evaluation of nurse graduates:a critical program assessment element.Joural of nursing Education,1992,31(5):198-202
6 金美媛.护理教育努力发展现状.见:第五届中韩护理学术交流会议论文汇编.2002
7 李丹,苏兰若.高职护理专业毕业生质量评价的调查与分析.中华护理杂志,2005,40(10):780-781
8 蒋海蓝,曹和安,曾玉华.国内外护理本科毕业生质量评价方法的研究现状.护理管理杂志,2007,7(2):19-21
9 姚爱国.高等职业教育社会评价制度研究:[博士学位论文].华东师范大学:2006
10 陈玉琨.我国教育评价发展的世纪回顾与未来展望.华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2000,1:6—8
11 刘民.医学本科毕业生质量评价指标体系的建立及实测研究:[硕士学位论文].江西师范大学,2005
12 虞丽娟.立体化素质教育论.上海:上海教育出版社,2006.219—224
13 文华,陈丽.高职护理KAQ人才培养模式的构建.卫生职业教育,2005,(23):5—6
14 赵博伦,姜安丽.对护理大专毕业前能力及素质的评估.解放军护理杂志,2004,(21):46—48
15 刘振华主编.医学人才学.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.150—162
16 郑翠红,姜晓鹰.对护理本科毕业生工作能力的调查及评价.中华护理教育,2005,2(3):18-20
17 姜晓鹰,罗先武.护理本科毕业生临床能力的社会评价与分析.中国护理管理,2006,(8):9—11
18 刘迪成.护理专业不同层次毕业生专业综合能力的调查研究.中华护理杂志,2003,(38): 426—428
19 Brown B.Delphi Process:a Methodogy Using for the Elicitation of Opinions of Experts.The Rand Corporation,1987,9:3925
20 李桃.护理本科毕业生质量评价指标体系研究:[硕士学位论文].四川大学,2002
21 平卫伟.综述,谭红专 审校.Delphi法的研究进展及其在医学中的应用.疾病控制杂志,2003,(7):243—245
22 肖化移.高等职业教育质量标准研究:[博士学位论文].华东师范大学,2005
23 韩映雄.高等教育质量研究.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2003.21
24 贾继海,杨百梅.论大众化阶段我国高等职业教育质量观.教育与职业,2005,35(12):34-36
25 李芳芳.护理本科生专业素质结构理论模型和评价指标体系的研究.[硕士学位论文].第二军医大学,2003
26 姜安丽主编.护理教育学.北京:人民卫生出版社.2006.115
27 史建平,简党生.住院医师规范化培训考核指标体系的研究::硕士学位论文.新疆医科大学,2006
28 Hugh P McKenna,DPhil BSc DipN RMN RGN AdvDipEd RNT The Delphi technique:a worthwhile research approach for nursing?J Adv Nurs,1994,19(6):1221-1225
29 Hasson F,Keeney S,McKenna,H,Research.guidelines for the Delphi survey technique.J Adv Nurs,2000,32:1008-1015
30 Jane S,Patrick H.Identifying appropriate tasks for the preregistration year:modified Delphi technique[J].,1999,319:224-229
31 吴雪,冯美丽.护理核心能力教学模式的评价方法.现代护理,2005,11(1):72—74
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