变流量空调系统的特性分析与应用探讨
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摘要
本文通过系统辨识的方法建立空调房间的数学模型。根据所建立的数学模型对阶跃响应的仿真结果和实测温度进行比较，从中可以选择所需精度的数学模型。然后建立变流量系统部件的数学模型及控制系统部件的数学模型并进行控制回路的模拟，并提出基于SIMULINK的控制参数整定方法。
分析了现有空调系统存在的问题，并指出这些问题所带来的耗能后果。然后分析两种控制方案的优劣，指出按照回水温度控制方式进行改造具有理论清晰、操作性强、节能显著的特点，值得广泛推广。最后还通过工程实例说明该方案的节能效果。
First, this paper indicates the importance of dynamic math model in control system. Then, the model of house is set up with system identification method after the model has been analyzed in theory. Second, the conclusion is drawn that the fit model can be gained after the simulation of different models compared with the measured temperature in practice. The components model of variable flow system and control system are set up. The control loops are simulated.
After the question is analyzed in the operated air-condition system, the advice is put forward that the system in existence should be changed. Secondly, after two control schemes are compared, the conclusion is drawed that the scheme of control return water temperature is fit. The theory foundation consists in two reasons, one is that the past designs are too cursory, and the other is the thermodynamic characteristic of coils. At last, two typical examples, which testify the economy effect and the reality condition, which fit to change, are given.
分析了现有空调系统存在的问题，并指出这些问题所带来的耗能后果。然后分析两种控制方案的优劣，指出按照回水温度控制方式进行改造具有理论清晰、操作性强、节能显著的特点，值得广泛推广。最后还通过工程实例说明该方案的节能效果。
First, this paper indicates the importance of dynamic math model in control system. Then, the model of house is set up with system identification method after the model has been analyzed in theory. Second, the conclusion is drawn that the fit model can be gained after the simulation of different models compared with the measured temperature in practice. The components model of variable flow system and control system are set up. The control loops are simulated.
After the question is analyzed in the operated air-condition system, the advice is put forward that the system in existence should be changed. Secondly, after two control schemes are compared, the conclusion is drawed that the scheme of control return water temperature is fit. The theory foundation consists in two reasons, one is that the past designs are too cursory, and the other is the thermodynamic characteristic of coils. At last, two typical examples, which testify the economy effect and the reality condition, which fit to change, are given.
引文
[1] 孙涛：浅谈暖通空调系统的BA控制．城市·建筑智能系统．2003．11
[2] 晋欣桥：变风量空调系统的仿真及其实时优化控制研究．上海交通大学博士论文．2000．5
[3] 贾俊腥：空调二次泵系统动态分析和优化控制．天津大学博士论文．2000．5
[4] 孟华、龙惟定、王盛卫：中央空调水系统优化控制研究的发展及现状．建筑热能通风空调。2002．06
[5] 潘金文、汪琼珍：变频控制技术在中央空调水系统中的应用．工程建设与设计2003．1
[6] 刘毅、张泉：空调变流量系统的分析与探讨．制冷与空调与电力机械．2002．03
[7] 陈关生：变流量水系统的应用问题．制冷 1998,64(3)：61-66
[8] 吴延鹏：变频调速技术及其在空调系统中的应用．中国矿业大学学报1999,28(6)
[9] 孙志高：变频调速在空调系统中节能中的应用研究．节能技术,2000,18(1)：11-14
[10] 李向东：变频调速装置在空调水系统中的应用．暖通空调，1997,27(4)：62-66
[11] 李锡冲：空调两级水泵系统变频调速的自控设计．暖通空调,2001,21(3)：55-60
[12] 陈沛霖：空体调节负荷计算理论与方法[M]，同济大学出版社．1987年
[13] 张子慧：热工测量与自动控制[M]，中国建筑工业出版社．1998．137—138
[14] 金以慧：过程控制[M]，清华大学出版社．2002 22-29
[15] 黄文海、杨勇、熊桂林等编著：系统仿真分析与设计[M]，国防科技出版社：2001 258—27
[16] 翁维勤：过程控制系统及工程[M]，化学工业出版社,2002．7．192-195
[17] 程卫国：MATLAB5.3精要编程及高级应用[M]，机械工业出版社，2000．4
[18] 黄文海、杨勇、熊桂林等编著：系统仿真分析与设计[M]，国防科技出版社：2001.4
[19] 冯鸿飞：空调变流量冷水系统调节特性的研究．山东建筑工程学院硕士论文．2003.5
[20] 金以慧主编：过程控制，清华大学出版社
[21] 江亿：管网可调性和稳定性的定量分析．暖通空调[J]．1997,27(3)．1-6．
[22] 高养田：空调变流量水系统设计技术发展[J]．暖通空调．1996,26(3)．20-22．
[23] 高养田：空调变流量水系统设计技术发展(续)[J]．暖通空调．1996,26(4)．29-3
[24] 石兆玉：供热系统运行调节与控制．清华大学出版社
[25] 汪善国：商业空调冷水系统几个问题的探讨．暖通空调，1996．26(5)
[26] 杨旭东：集中供热计算机控制系统研究与应用．清华大学硕士学位论文，1993
[27] 秦绪中．：DHC输配系统水力工况的分析研究．清华大学硕士学位论文，1998
[28] 秦绪中：区域供热供冷输配系统动力学特性研究．清华大学博士学位论文，2000
[29] 蒋传瑕：空调定流量系统改造为变流量系统的可行性研究[D]：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002
[30] Weijian: CAI.A NEW APPROACH TO SET POINT CONTROL IN CHILLED WATER LOOPS，Nan yahg TechnolOgical University
[31] ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989, Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
[32] Thomas F. Lowery: Design considerations for Motors And Variable Speed Drivles. ASHRAE Journal February 1999
[33] Ahmed, O: "DDC applications in variable-Water-volume systems," ASHRAE Transactions，Vol. 97(1), PP.751-758, 1991．
[34] Avery,G: "Controlling chillers in variable flow systems," ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 40, No.2，PP.42-45, 1998．
[35] Hartman,T: "Packing DDC networks with variable speed drives," HPAC, Vol. 70, No.11, PP.80-84, 1998．
[36] Rishel, J.B.: "Control of variable-speed pumps on hot-and chilled-water systems," ASHRAE Transactions，Vol.97(1),PP.746-750,1991.
[37] Tillack, L. and Rishel, J.B.: "Proper control of HVAC variable speed pumps," ASHRAE Joumal, Vol.40，No.11,pp.41-47,1998.
[38] Michel A.: Bernier Pumping Energy And Variable Frequency Drives ASHRAE Journal December 1999 37-40
[39] Thomas Hartman: Network Based Control of Fluid Distribution Systems. ASME International Conference April 11-15,1999
[40] Hartman, T: DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS. HEATING/PIPING/ AIR CONDITIONING, FEBRUARY 1995
[41] Bjrn R. Srensen: Modelling and simulation of a HVAC system[C], 38th simulation conference on applied modelling and simulation(SIMS), 1996
[42] B.R.Srensen: Modeling a constant fluid flow heating coil, using transfer functions[C], the 4th intemational conference on System Simulation in Buildings, 1994
[43] D.R.Clark/C.w.Hurley/C.R.Hill: Dynamic Models for HVAC System Components. ASHRAE Transactions 1985-16,No.1
[44] Mohand Mokhatari: Engingeering APPlications of MATLAB 5.3 and SIMULINK3[M],
电子工业出版社，2002．1
[45] Luther, K.R: Variable volume pumping fundamentals [J]. Heating Piping Air Conditioning, 1998.8
[46] Luther, K.R: Applying variable volume pumping [J]. Heating Piping Air Conditioning, 1998.10
[2] 晋欣桥：变风量空调系统的仿真及其实时优化控制研究．上海交通大学博士论文．2000．5
[3] 贾俊腥：空调二次泵系统动态分析和优化控制．天津大学博士论文．2000．5
[4] 孟华、龙惟定、王盛卫：中央空调水系统优化控制研究的发展及现状．建筑热能通风空调。2002．06
[5] 潘金文、汪琼珍：变频控制技术在中央空调水系统中的应用．工程建设与设计2003．1
[6] 刘毅、张泉：空调变流量系统的分析与探讨．制冷与空调与电力机械．2002．03
[7] 陈关生：变流量水系统的应用问题．制冷 1998,64(3)：61-66
[8] 吴延鹏：变频调速技术及其在空调系统中的应用．中国矿业大学学报1999,28(6)
[9] 孙志高：变频调速在空调系统中节能中的应用研究．节能技术,2000,18(1)：11-14
[10] 李向东：变频调速装置在空调水系统中的应用．暖通空调，1997,27(4)：62-66
[11] 李锡冲：空调两级水泵系统变频调速的自控设计．暖通空调,2001,21(3)：55-60
[12] 陈沛霖：空体调节负荷计算理论与方法[M]，同济大学出版社．1987年
[13] 张子慧：热工测量与自动控制[M]，中国建筑工业出版社．1998．137—138
[14] 金以慧：过程控制[M]，清华大学出版社．2002 22-29
[15] 黄文海、杨勇、熊桂林等编著：系统仿真分析与设计[M]，国防科技出版社：2001 258—27
[16] 翁维勤：过程控制系统及工程[M]，化学工业出版社,2002．7．192-195
[17] 程卫国：MATLAB5.3精要编程及高级应用[M]，机械工业出版社，2000．4
[18] 黄文海、杨勇、熊桂林等编著：系统仿真分析与设计[M]，国防科技出版社：2001.4
[19] 冯鸿飞：空调变流量冷水系统调节特性的研究．山东建筑工程学院硕士论文．2003.5
[20] 金以慧主编：过程控制，清华大学出版社
[21] 江亿：管网可调性和稳定性的定量分析．暖通空调[J]．1997,27(3)．1-6．
[22] 高养田：空调变流量水系统设计技术发展[J]．暖通空调．1996,26(3)．20-22．
[23] 高养田：空调变流量水系统设计技术发展(续)[J]．暖通空调．1996,26(4)．29-3
[24] 石兆玉：供热系统运行调节与控制．清华大学出版社
[25] 汪善国：商业空调冷水系统几个问题的探讨．暖通空调，1996．26(5)
[26] 杨旭东：集中供热计算机控制系统研究与应用．清华大学硕士学位论文，1993
[27] 秦绪中．：DHC输配系统水力工况的分析研究．清华大学硕士学位论文，1998
[28] 秦绪中：区域供热供冷输配系统动力学特性研究．清华大学博士学位论文，2000
[29] 蒋传瑕：空调定流量系统改造为变流量系统的可行性研究[D]：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002
[30] Weijian: CAI.A NEW APPROACH TO SET POINT CONTROL IN CHILLED WATER LOOPS，Nan yahg TechnolOgical University
[31] ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989, Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
[32] Thomas F. Lowery: Design considerations for Motors And Variable Speed Drivles. ASHRAE Journal February 1999
[33] Ahmed, O: "DDC applications in variable-Water-volume systems," ASHRAE Transactions，Vol. 97(1), PP.751-758, 1991．
[34] Avery,G: "Controlling chillers in variable flow systems," ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 40, No.2，PP.42-45, 1998．
[35] Hartman,T: "Packing DDC networks with variable speed drives," HPAC, Vol. 70, No.11, PP.80-84, 1998．
[36] Rishel, J.B.: "Control of variable-speed pumps on hot-and chilled-water systems," ASHRAE Transactions，Vol.97(1),PP.746-750,1991.
[37] Tillack, L. and Rishel, J.B.: "Proper control of HVAC variable speed pumps," ASHRAE Joumal, Vol.40，No.11,pp.41-47,1998.
[38] Michel A.: Bernier Pumping Energy And Variable Frequency Drives ASHRAE Journal December 1999 37-40
[39] Thomas Hartman: Network Based Control of Fluid Distribution Systems. ASME International Conference April 11-15,1999
[40] Hartman, T: DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS. HEATING/PIPING/ AIR CONDITIONING, FEBRUARY 1995
[41] Bjrn R. Srensen: Modelling and simulation of a HVAC system[C], 38th simulation conference on applied modelling and simulation(SIMS), 1996
[42] B.R.Srensen: Modeling a constant fluid flow heating coil, using transfer functions[C], the 4th intemational conference on System Simulation in Buildings, 1994
[43] D.R.Clark/C.w.Hurley/C.R.Hill: Dynamic Models for HVAC System Components. ASHRAE Transactions 1985-16,No.1
[44] Mohand Mokhatari: Engingeering APPlications of MATLAB 5.3 and SIMULINK3[M],
电子工业出版社，2002．1
[45] Luther, K.R: Variable volume pumping fundamentals [J]. Heating Piping Air Conditioning, 1998.8
[46] Luther, K.R: Applying variable volume pumping [J]. Heating Piping Air Conditioning, 1998.10
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