基于ARM9和LINUX的CAN总线远程监控系统的研究与实现
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摘要
随着计算机技术的发展,嵌入式系统已成为计算机领域的一个重要组成部分。在构建基于Web的远程监控系统时,传统的8/16位单片机系统其处理速度不能满足要求,而近年来随着半导体工业的发展,32位嵌入式微处埋器的价格已大幅下滑,特别是开源、免费的嵌入式Linux操作系统的出现,使得长期制约嵌入式技术大规模应用的高成本因素已不复存在,将嵌入式Linux应用于基于Web的远程监控系统就成为一种非常理想的解决方案。
以ARM体系结构设计的微处理具有高性能、低功耗和低成本的特点,它广泛应用于嵌入式系统设计领域,是目前最广泛的32位微处理器。嵌入式系统广泛应用于各种电器产品、智能仪表和控制设备中,它与Internet的结合是一种必然的趋势。基于Internet的远程监控系统是数据采集与控制网络和信息网络结合的产物,它借助网络完成监视与控制任务,将监控范围扩展到更广的空间。
本课题主要研究了基于ARM9和Linux的嵌入式远程监控技术及其硬、软件的设计及其实现,以CAN总线作为监控对象,提出了基于嵌入式Web的CAN总线远程监控系统的设计方案。其中硬件部分的核心是三星的S3C2410X处理器,是基于ARM920T内核的RISC型CPU,软件部分则采用了源代码开放的Linux操作系统。硬件部分主要对ARM微处理器、硬件系统的整体结构、器件选型、各接口电路的设计及硬件平台的调试进行了相应的介绍;软件部分则主要介绍了开发环境的构建、启动程序vivi的移植、Linux内核的移植、Linux设备驱动程序的实现、嵌入式Boa Web服务器移植及实现等。
With the developing of computer technology,embedded system has become an important constituent of the computer domain.The conventional 8/16 bits monolithic processor cannot meet the requirement of supervisory system based on Web,and with the development of semiconductor industry,the price of 32 bits embedded microprocessor dropped quickly,and embedded free source operating system Linux become more and more popular.The conventional factor which restricts the full scale application of embedded technology disappeared.Introducing embedded Linux into the supervisory system based on Web became a perfect solution.
As the character of the high capability,the low power loss and the low cost by ARM system structural design microprocessor,it widely applies to the design domain of the embedded system,and is the widest 32 microprocessors present.Embedded system is widely used in electronic products,smart instruments and control equipment. It is an inexorable trend that the embedded technology and the Internet will combine together.Internet-based remote supervisory system is the combination of information network and control network.It completes the monitoring and control tasks based on network,by which the monitoring and control range can be greatly extended.
This paper has mainly developed the hardware,software design and realization of the embedded WebServer based on ARM.The core of hardware part is S3C2410X processor produced by Samsung,which CPU is the RISC style based on ARM920T kernel.The software part has adopted operating system Linux which the source code is opened.The hardware part mainly introduced ARM microprocessor,the total construction of the hardware system,the apparatus choice,each connected electrocircuit designing and hardware platform debugging.While the software part discussed the development environment constructing,the starting procedure Vivi,the transplant of Linux kernel,Linux device driver program,the transplant of embedded Boa WebServer and realization and so on.
以ARM体系结构设计的微处理具有高性能、低功耗和低成本的特点,它广泛应用于嵌入式系统设计领域,是目前最广泛的32位微处理器。嵌入式系统广泛应用于各种电器产品、智能仪表和控制设备中,它与Internet的结合是一种必然的趋势。基于Internet的远程监控系统是数据采集与控制网络和信息网络结合的产物,它借助网络完成监视与控制任务,将监控范围扩展到更广的空间。
本课题主要研究了基于ARM9和Linux的嵌入式远程监控技术及其硬、软件的设计及其实现,以CAN总线作为监控对象,提出了基于嵌入式Web的CAN总线远程监控系统的设计方案。其中硬件部分的核心是三星的S3C2410X处理器,是基于ARM920T内核的RISC型CPU,软件部分则采用了源代码开放的Linux操作系统。硬件部分主要对ARM微处理器、硬件系统的整体结构、器件选型、各接口电路的设计及硬件平台的调试进行了相应的介绍;软件部分则主要介绍了开发环境的构建、启动程序vivi的移植、Linux内核的移植、Linux设备驱动程序的实现、嵌入式Boa Web服务器移植及实现等。
With the developing of computer technology,embedded system has become an important constituent of the computer domain.The conventional 8/16 bits monolithic processor cannot meet the requirement of supervisory system based on Web,and with the development of semiconductor industry,the price of 32 bits embedded microprocessor dropped quickly,and embedded free source operating system Linux become more and more popular.The conventional factor which restricts the full scale application of embedded technology disappeared.Introducing embedded Linux into the supervisory system based on Web became a perfect solution.
As the character of the high capability,the low power loss and the low cost by ARM system structural design microprocessor,it widely applies to the design domain of the embedded system,and is the widest 32 microprocessors present.Embedded system is widely used in electronic products,smart instruments and control equipment. It is an inexorable trend that the embedded technology and the Internet will combine together.Internet-based remote supervisory system is the combination of information network and control network.It completes the monitoring and control tasks based on network,by which the monitoring and control range can be greatly extended.
This paper has mainly developed the hardware,software design and realization of the embedded WebServer based on ARM.The core of hardware part is S3C2410X processor produced by Samsung,which CPU is the RISC style based on ARM920T kernel.The software part has adopted operating system Linux which the source code is opened.The hardware part mainly introduced ARM microprocessor,the total construction of the hardware system,the apparatus choice,each connected electrocircuit designing and hardware platform debugging.While the software part discussed the development environment constructing,the starting procedure Vivi,the transplant of Linux kernel,Linux device driver program,the transplant of embedded Boa WebServer and realization and so on.
引文
[1]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等.嵌入式linux应用开发详解[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[2]梁泰文.基于嵌入式Web的CAN总线远程监控系统的设计与实现.清华大学硕士学位论文.2004
[3]李光辉,朱飞.嵌入式Internet技术.电工技术杂志.2002(7):12-14
[4]邹思轶主编.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002年1月第1版.
[5]吴军霞.基于ARM的嵌入式WEB服务器的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,4
[6]王少华.用Linux构建Intranet.北京:清华大学出版社.2001,4
[7]王忠锋,于海斌,王宏等.工业以太网确定性通信实现方案.仪器仪表学报.2005,8:491--492
[8]Leihuang,Duanfu,The SCADA Monitoring and Control System Based on Can Bus in Coal Mine.Proceedings of International Symposium on Test and Measurement Volume 1,2003:27-37.
[9]Zorner,W.,Andreae,K.H,Emshoff,H.and Mulleu,H.Diagnostics system for monitoring the operation of steam turbine generator sets.VGB Kuaftweukstechnik 72,1992,6:487-496
[10]Samsung S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor Developer's Manual,2002.Samsung www.sansung.com
[11]汤碧玉,曾楠,郑灵翔,陈辉煌.嵌入式系统中基于Web的远程监控设计与实现.厦门大学学报(自然科学版)第43卷第5期,2004.9
[12]Hynix Semiconductor.HY57V641620IIGT DataSheet.http://www.hynix.com,2002
[13]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发.北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.5
[14]李向明,王火智,刘明兰.基于S3C2410的嵌入式网关的涉及与研究.现场总线与网络技术,2007,2.
[15]CS8900A Product Data Sheet.Cirrus logic Inc.1999
[16]CS8900A Ethernet Controller Technical Reference Manual(AN083).Cirrus Logic Inc.2001
[17]TJA1050 Stand-alone CAN controller Data Sheet.Philps Semiconductor Corporation,2000
[18]博创科技编著.UP-NETARM2410-S嵌入式系统实现指导书.北京博创兴业科技有限公司.2005.
[19]符意德编著.嵌入式系统设计原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.11:1-20
[20]田泽编著.嵌入式系统开发与应用教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:105-210
[21]陈铁军,仇洪冰.基于S3C2410的嵌入式Linux的移植方法.桂林电子工业学院学报,第26卷第4期,2006,8月.
[22]Karim Yaghmour.Building Embedded Linux Systems,O'Reilly,April,2003
[23]Laplante Phillip A.Real-Time Systems Handbook.Piscataway,New Jersey:Design and Analysis.An Engineer's IEEE Computer Society
[24]时巍,曾碚凯,刘晓峰.基于Linux的CAN控制器驱动程序的编写.冶金自动化.2007年增刊(s1).
[25]王月庆,郭卫栋,王晶晶,邓杏松.嵌入式uClinux下CAN总线设备驱动程序设计.中国国科技论文在线.
[26]邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[27]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubint,Greg kroah-Hartman.Linux Device Drivers.Oreilly&Associates inc.2005.7
[28]孙天泽.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南-基于ARM9处理器.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.7:37-56
[29]范国闯,钟华,黄涛,冯玉琳.Web应用服务器研究综述.软件学报,2003.14(10):1728-1739
[30]陈赜,秦贵和,徐华中等.ARM9嵌入式技术及Linux高级实践教程.北京航天航空大学出版社,2005:69-89
[31]James W H,An efficient and lightweight embedded Web server for web based network element management[J],International Journal of network management,2000:261-275.
[32]Janne,Jussi Roivainen.Providing Network Connectivity for Small Applications,A Functionally Minimized Embedded Web Server.IEEE Communications Magzine,2001,10:74-79.
[33]Toshiyuki Miyachi,Ken-ichi Chinen.Yoichi Shinoda.Automatic configuration and execution of Internet experiments on an actual node-based testbed Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities,2005
[34]D.Tabara H.Rijanto B.Sabbattini.Embedded Web Technology:Adding a New Dimension to Protection and Control[J].ABB Review,2001
[35]Andrew S.Tanenbaum,Computer Networks(Third Edition),Prentice Hall PTR,1996 21-25.
[36]冯冬芹,金建祥,褚健.浅谈以太网应用于工业现场的关键技术.世界仪表与自动化.2002,4:20-25
[37]Nick Witchey,An Easy to Do Embedded Web Server,IEEE Internet Computing Volmlle 2,1998,5:100-103.
[38]Larry Doolittle and Jon Nelson.Boa Introduce.http://www.boa.org
[39]Garret Swart.Spreading the Load using Hashing:A preliminary Report[C].IEEE Proceedings of the Third international Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing,2004:169-176.
[40]张曦煌等.嵌入式Web服务器中CGI的特点及实现.小型微型计算机系统.2003.11
[41]Ling Tan,Zahir Tari.Dynamic Task Assignment in Server Farms:Better Performance by Task Grouping[C].IEEE Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Computers and Communications(ISCC'02),2002:175-180.
[42]张移山.CGI程序设计指南.北京:中国水利水电出版社.1998
[43]杨大千,梅大成,张宕,刘世晶.基于ARM9和Linux的嵌入式动态Web技术设计与实现.《工业控制计算机》2006年19卷第8期.
[44]冯进文.嵌入式Linux在基于Web的远程监控系统中的应用.四川大学硕士学位论文.2006.5
[45]任海刚.基于Web嵌入式监控系统设计和实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2007.1
[2]梁泰文.基于嵌入式Web的CAN总线远程监控系统的设计与实现.清华大学硕士学位论文.2004
[3]李光辉,朱飞.嵌入式Internet技术.电工技术杂志.2002(7):12-14
[4]邹思轶主编.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002年1月第1版.
[5]吴军霞.基于ARM的嵌入式WEB服务器的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,4
[6]王少华.用Linux构建Intranet.北京:清华大学出版社.2001,4
[7]王忠锋,于海斌,王宏等.工业以太网确定性通信实现方案.仪器仪表学报.2005,8:491--492
[8]Leihuang,Duanfu,The SCADA Monitoring and Control System Based on Can Bus in Coal Mine.Proceedings of International Symposium on Test and Measurement Volume 1,2003:27-37.
[9]Zorner,W.,Andreae,K.H,Emshoff,H.and Mulleu,H.Diagnostics system for monitoring the operation of steam turbine generator sets.VGB Kuaftweukstechnik 72,1992,6:487-496
[10]Samsung S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor Developer's Manual,2002.Samsung www.sansung.com
[11]汤碧玉,曾楠,郑灵翔,陈辉煌.嵌入式系统中基于Web的远程监控设计与实现.厦门大学学报(自然科学版)第43卷第5期,2004.9
[12]Hynix Semiconductor.HY57V641620IIGT DataSheet.http://www.hynix.com,2002
[13]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发.北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.5
[14]李向明,王火智,刘明兰.基于S3C2410的嵌入式网关的涉及与研究.现场总线与网络技术,2007,2.
[15]CS8900A Product Data Sheet.Cirrus logic Inc.1999
[16]CS8900A Ethernet Controller Technical Reference Manual(AN083).Cirrus Logic Inc.2001
[17]TJA1050 Stand-alone CAN controller Data Sheet.Philps Semiconductor Corporation,2000
[18]博创科技编著.UP-NETARM2410-S嵌入式系统实现指导书.北京博创兴业科技有限公司.2005.
[19]符意德编著.嵌入式系统设计原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.11:1-20
[20]田泽编著.嵌入式系统开发与应用教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:105-210
[21]陈铁军,仇洪冰.基于S3C2410的嵌入式Linux的移植方法.桂林电子工业学院学报,第26卷第4期,2006,8月.
[22]Karim Yaghmour.Building Embedded Linux Systems,O'Reilly,April,2003
[23]Laplante Phillip A.Real-Time Systems Handbook.Piscataway,New Jersey:Design and Analysis.An Engineer's IEEE Computer Society
[24]时巍,曾碚凯,刘晓峰.基于Linux的CAN控制器驱动程序的编写.冶金自动化.2007年增刊(s1).
[25]王月庆,郭卫栋,王晶晶,邓杏松.嵌入式uClinux下CAN总线设备驱动程序设计.中国国科技论文在线.
[26]邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[27]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubint,Greg kroah-Hartman.Linux Device Drivers.Oreilly&Associates inc.2005.7
[28]孙天泽.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南-基于ARM9处理器.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.7:37-56
[29]范国闯,钟华,黄涛,冯玉琳.Web应用服务器研究综述.软件学报,2003.14(10):1728-1739
[30]陈赜,秦贵和,徐华中等.ARM9嵌入式技术及Linux高级实践教程.北京航天航空大学出版社,2005:69-89
[31]James W H,An efficient and lightweight embedded Web server for web based network element management[J],International Journal of network management,2000:261-275.
[32]Janne,Jussi Roivainen.Providing Network Connectivity for Small Applications,A Functionally Minimized Embedded Web Server.IEEE Communications Magzine,2001,10:74-79.
[33]Toshiyuki Miyachi,Ken-ichi Chinen.Yoichi Shinoda.Automatic configuration and execution of Internet experiments on an actual node-based testbed Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities,2005
[34]D.Tabara H.Rijanto B.Sabbattini.Embedded Web Technology:Adding a New Dimension to Protection and Control[J].ABB Review,2001
[35]Andrew S.Tanenbaum,Computer Networks(Third Edition),Prentice Hall PTR,1996 21-25.
[36]冯冬芹,金建祥,褚健.浅谈以太网应用于工业现场的关键技术.世界仪表与自动化.2002,4:20-25
[37]Nick Witchey,An Easy to Do Embedded Web Server,IEEE Internet Computing Volmlle 2,1998,5:100-103.
[38]Larry Doolittle and Jon Nelson.Boa Introduce.http://www.boa.org
[39]Garret Swart.Spreading the Load using Hashing:A preliminary Report[C].IEEE Proceedings of the Third international Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing,2004:169-176.
[40]张曦煌等.嵌入式Web服务器中CGI的特点及实现.小型微型计算机系统.2003.11
[41]Ling Tan,Zahir Tari.Dynamic Task Assignment in Server Farms:Better Performance by Task Grouping[C].IEEE Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Computers and Communications(ISCC'02),2002:175-180.
[42]张移山.CGI程序设计指南.北京:中国水利水电出版社.1998
[43]杨大千,梅大成,张宕,刘世晶.基于ARM9和Linux的嵌入式动态Web技术设计与实现.《工业控制计算机》2006年19卷第8期.
[44]冯进文.嵌入式Linux在基于Web的远程监控系统中的应用.四川大学硕士学位论文.2006.5
[45]任海刚.基于Web嵌入式监控系统设计和实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2007.1