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道路货运现代化架构研究
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摘要
随着市场经济的不断发展,道路货物运输成为国民经济和社会发展的重要支撑。在交通运输业取得巨大进步的同时,道路货物运输业也取得了长足发展,但仍然存在着许多问题需要解决。通过对道路货物运输本质特性的全面、准确分析,科学制定道路货物运输宏观政策,把握未来发展方向、发展战略定位,促进道路货物运输的现代化进程,对于充分发挥道路货物运输对国民经济和社会发展的重要支撑和促进作用均具有十分重要的现实意义。
     本文以货物运输系统的可持续发展为出发点,对我国道路货物运输发展现状进行了分析研究。在借鉴发达国家道路货运发展的成功经验基础上,结合我国国情,论文提出了我国道路货物运输现代化的基本构架,并针对其中的关键问题,提出了相应的政策建议。论文的研究成果主要体现在:
     (1)对美国与中国的道路货运进行了对比分析,系统研究了道路货物运输发展的基本特征。在分析道路货运现代化的内涵本质特征基础上,筛选出中国道路货运现代化进程必须解决的五个突出问题:运输模式、车型结构、市场组织结构、道路货运与现代物流的融合以及政府市场监管。
     (2)提出发展甩挂运输是道路货物运输模式的必然选择。通过案例对比了传统运输模式和甩挂运输模式的社会效益和经济效益,分析道路货运现代化是在追求交通运输发展的同时,更能确保运输的安全、效率、效益和质量。此外,在甩挂运输的保障措施中,论文提出车辆标准化、货运站场网络化和信息化等发展要求。
     (3)针对现代化中的道路货运车型问题,在分析欧美车辆模式选择的基础上,结合我国道路运输条件和市场特征,提出了不同运输条件和环境下的建议车型,并对所选车型的效率及节能减排效果进行了分析,提出道路货运车辆大型化、标准化发展的构想和建议。
     (4)在市场组织结构分析中,借鉴美国道路货运飞速发展的一个重要构成因素:提高市场集中度,本文提出大力培养和促进龙头企业的思路,并通过市场环境分析说明中国也同样适合培育龙头企业,以此带动整个行业的发展。同时提出培育龙头企业的五条关键措施。
     (5)道路货运向现代物流转型与升级是必然趋势,为实现二者的有效融合,论文提出规范与物流活动相关的各种国家标准、行业标准,推进物流标准化和信息化建设,通过管理创新、技术创新、服务创新来实现传统道路货运企业的转型升级。
     (6)以美国道路货运管理政策的演变为依据,结合中国实际,提出了构建全面系统的道路货运市场监管体系的构想,并从运输安全、市场行为规范和准入标准三方面对完善我国道路货运市场管理提出了相关政策措施。
With the continuous development of market economy, road freight transportation has become one of the significant pushing forces for national economy and society development. While transportation industry made tremendous progress, road freight transportation also achieved rapid development, but there are still many problems to solve. Through the comprehensive and accurate analysis for the essential characteristics of road freight transportation, the formulation of macro policy and future development strategies are whether or not scientific, which is very important practical significance to give full play the important support and promote role of the national economy and social development.
     Based on road freight transportation's sustainable development, this paper analyzes road freight transportation's real situation. On the basis of the successful experience of road freight development in the developed countries, combined with actual situation in China, this paper proposes the basic framework for modernization of road freight transportation in China and puts forward relevant policy suggestions in the light of key problems. The research achievements of the thesis are as follows:
     (1) Through the comparison analysis of road freightage development between the United States and our country, characteristics of road freight transportation are researched theoretically. Based on essential characteristics analysis for modernization of road freight transportation, modernization of road freight transportation in China must be solved five outstanding problems:modes of transportation, vehicles structure, market subjects, the fusion between modern logistics and road freightage and market supervision.
     (2) The paper puts forward that drop-and-hook is the right choice for mode of road freight transportation. The case is used to compare social and economic benefits of the traditional modes of transportation and drop-and-hook. It illustrates that road freightage modernization not only pursuits transportation development but also makes sure transportation safety, efficiency, benefits and quality. In addition, this paper puts forward the vehicle standardization, CFS in field network and information construction to secure drop-and-hook.
     (3) On the basis of vehicle mode choice in Europe and America to the problem of vehicle type of road freight in modernization, and combining with China's road transport condition and market characteristics, the paper give suggestion models for different transport conditions and environment. The efficiency and saving effect of the selected models are analyzed. The conception of large-scale freight vehicles and standardized development are put forward.
     (4) In the market organization structure analysis, this paper adopts an important constitute factors for rapid development of American road freight:advance the market concentration. The paper puts forward ideas of forcefully cultivate and promote bibcock enterprise. And cultivation bibcock enterprise in China is also suitable through market environment analysis so as to drive the whole industry's development. Meanwhile this paper puts forward five key measures to cultivate bibcock enterprise.
     (5) It is an inevitable trend to transform and upgrade from road freight to modern logistics. To realize the effective integration, the paper puts forward to systemize national standard industry standard related various logistics activity, promotes logistics standardization and informationization. and realizes the transformation upgrade of traditional road freight enterprise through the management innovation, technology innovation and service innovation.
     (6) According to the evolution of road freight management policy in America, combined with the actual situation in China, the paper puts forward the conception of construction of overall and systematic road freight market supervision system. And the paper puts forward relevant policies to complete freight market management in our country from transportation safety, market behavior standard and access standard.
引文
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