济阳坳陷CO_2气成藏机理与成藏模式研究
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摘要
济阳坳陷已发现的八里泊、阳25、平方王、平南、高青、花17 CO_2气(田)藏主要储集层位有奥陶系、中生界、沙四段、沙三段、沙一段、馆陶组和明化镇组,储集层岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主,盖层以泥质岩、页岩和岩浆岩为主。;圈闭类型主要为受断裂改造的背斜、断块及刺穿岩体遮挡圈闭。;气体成分主要有CO_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_6、He等。;主要气源体为岩浆气源体,气源体的主要地质形式为侵入体和埋藏的火山通道。;气藏和气源体的空间关系有岩浆侵入体一断裂一气藏沟通型、岩浆侵入体-CO_2气储集层接触型和埋藏火山通道-气储集层接触型三种类型。;岩浆侵入体CO_2气运移分为熔融运移阶段和结晶运移阶段,火山通道中CO_2气运移分成近地表喷发阶段和结晶运移阶段。;断裂(或裂缝)中,CO_2在水中的浮力远大于运移阻力,CO_2气容易上浮,CO_2在断裂中的易浮性导致不同密度气体的分异和走向上封闭的断裂气体相对富集。;气体在砂岩储集层运移聚集具有选择性,会优先进入孔隙度和渗透率较高的砂岩,随着压力增加,才会进入孔隙度和渗透率较低的砂岩;在岩浆气源体-断裂-储集层空间输导格架下,CO_2气在膨胀力的驱动下,首先进入含水的断裂并重力分异而聚集,气体压力会不断增高,当压力增至一定程度,CO_2气会向高孔隙度、渗透率的储集层运移并聚集。;在岩浆气源体-储集层接触空间输导格架下,CO_2气受膨胀力的驱动直接向储集层运移并聚集。;成藏的CO_2气会经历化学沉淀、溶解、扩散和机械破坏四种破坏方式,会受断裂切割而打破压力平衡,沿断裂进一步运移和聚集成藏。
济阳坳陷以岩浆侵入体为气源的气藏形成地质过程分为岩浆侵入前储盖层形成早期阶段、岩浆侵入与CO_2早期成藏阶段和岩浆结晶脱气与CO_2晚期成藏三个阶段,不同气藏三个阶段地质时期不同。;岩浆火山通道为主要气源体气藏的形成分成岩浆喷发前、岩浆喷发、火山通道埋藏与成藏三个阶段。CO_2气藏的主要成藏期在岩浆结晶阶段,从岩浆侵入或喷发期一直延续到第四纪,但是,其破坏过程与成藏过程基本同步,气藏能够存在的关键因素是有持续的气源供应。
济阳坳陷CO_2气成藏有侵入体-断裂-储集层转折成藏模式、侵入体-储集层直接成藏模式和埋藏火山通道-储集层直接成藏模式三种地质模式。阳信洼陷深层U型成藏地质单元的下凹部位、阳25-沙4火山通道周围及火山口上部地层、滨古1南与侵入体相切的断裂带附近、花15井南的火山通道周围、高气10和高气101井前第三系地层、花501和高53前第三系地层、花2和花17之间的下第三系和中生界地层的成藏区是济阳坳陷CO_2气有利勘探领域。
The found CO2 reservoirs in Jiyang depression, such as Balibo, Yang25, Pingfangwang, Pingnan, Gaoqing and Hua17, are mainly in Ordovician, Mesozoic, Es_4, Es_3, Es_1, Ng and Nm. Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.The reservoirs based on magma intrusion in Jiyang depression experience three phase: cap formation-forming before magma invasion, magma invasion and early stage of CO_2 reservoir-forming, magma crystallizing degasification and late CO_2 reservoir-forming, the three phases of different reservoir have different geologic epoch. The reservoir based on magma volcanic conduit also has three phases: before magma effusion, effusion and volcanic conduit bury and reservoir-forming. CO_2 reservoir was formed during magma crystallizing from magma invasion or effusion to Alluvium period, but the breaking process basically is in step with reservoir-forming process, the factor of the reservoirs-exist is continuance gas supply.
The CO2 reservoir forming in Jiyang depression has three geologic reservoir-forming modes: intrusion-breaking-reservoir turnabout, intrusion-reservoir direct forming and buried volcanic conduit-reservoir direct forming. The profitable reservoir-forming area for CO2 in Jiyang depression is the low of deep U geologic unit in Yangxin sag, the area around Yang25-Sha4 volcanic conduit and the upper of crater, the southern area of Bingul and the area around fault belt intersected intrusion, the area around volcanic conduit in south of Hual5 well, the Gao 10 and Gao 101 gas well Early Tertiary system, Hua501 and Gao53 gas well Early Tertiary system, the Later Tertiary system and Mesozoic between Hua2 and Hual7 gas well.
济阳坳陷以岩浆侵入体为气源的气藏形成地质过程分为岩浆侵入前储盖层形成早期阶段、岩浆侵入与CO_2早期成藏阶段和岩浆结晶脱气与CO_2晚期成藏三个阶段,不同气藏三个阶段地质时期不同。;岩浆火山通道为主要气源体气藏的形成分成岩浆喷发前、岩浆喷发、火山通道埋藏与成藏三个阶段。CO_2气藏的主要成藏期在岩浆结晶阶段,从岩浆侵入或喷发期一直延续到第四纪,但是,其破坏过程与成藏过程基本同步,气藏能够存在的关键因素是有持续的气源供应。
济阳坳陷CO_2气成藏有侵入体-断裂-储集层转折成藏模式、侵入体-储集层直接成藏模式和埋藏火山通道-储集层直接成藏模式三种地质模式。阳信洼陷深层U型成藏地质单元的下凹部位、阳25-沙4火山通道周围及火山口上部地层、滨古1南与侵入体相切的断裂带附近、花15井南的火山通道周围、高气10和高气101井前第三系地层、花501和高53前第三系地层、花2和花17之间的下第三系和中生界地层的成藏区是济阳坳陷CO_2气有利勘探领域。
The found CO2 reservoirs in Jiyang depression, such as Balibo, Yang25, Pingfangwang, Pingnan, Gaoqing and Hua17, are mainly in Ordovician, Mesozoic, Es_4, Es_3, Es_1, Ng and Nm. Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.The reservoirs based on magma intrusion in Jiyang depression experience three phase: cap formation-forming before magma invasion, magma invasion and early stage of CO_2 reservoir-forming, magma crystallizing degasification and late CO_2 reservoir-forming, the three phases of different reservoir have different geologic epoch. The reservoir based on magma volcanic conduit also has three phases: before magma effusion, effusion and volcanic conduit bury and reservoir-forming. CO_2 reservoir was formed during magma crystallizing from magma invasion or effusion to Alluvium period, but the breaking process basically is in step with reservoir-forming process, the factor of the reservoirs-exist is continuance gas supply.
The CO2 reservoir forming in Jiyang depression has three geologic reservoir-forming modes: intrusion-breaking-reservoir turnabout, intrusion-reservoir direct forming and buried volcanic conduit-reservoir direct forming. The profitable reservoir-forming area for CO2 in Jiyang depression is the low of deep U geologic unit in Yangxin sag, the area around Yang25-Sha4 volcanic conduit and the upper of crater, the southern area of Bingul and the area around fault belt intersected intrusion, the area around volcanic conduit in south of Hual5 well, the Gao 10 and Gao 101 gas well Early Tertiary system, Hua501 and Gao53 gas well Early Tertiary system, the Later Tertiary system and Mesozoic between Hua2 and Hual7 gas well.
引文
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