冻胶类调剖剂性能评价方法及适用条件研究
摘要
本文主要进行了交联聚合物冻胶类调剖剂性能评价方法、冻胶类调剖剂适用条件和调剖剂交联反应数学模型三方面研究。
通过查阅大量文献，集中了国内外较为普遍的关于调剖剂的性能评价方法，这些评价方法主要是从调剖剂溶解过程、成胶过程和多孔介质注入过程三个方面展开。这三个方面包括了调剖剂室内实验性能评价的所有指标，简要叙述了实验设备、实验步骤、使用单位和适用范围等相关情况。根据所调研的性能评价方法，选用具有代表性的铬冻胶调剖剂进行室内实验，测定了调剖剂的性能指标参数，研究多种因素的变化对调剖剂性能的影响，得到了较为合理的调剖剂配方以及此类调剖剂的适用条件。给出了凝胶划分原则；围绕着油藏条件和工艺条件，研究了冻胶类调剖剂所适用的条件和范围。第四章用数学方法描述了交联反应涉及的物理化学现象，建立了关于调剖剂在地层条件下运移、交联的数学模型，这是一个关于油、调剖剂水溶液(聚合物、交联剂、凝胶包含在水相中)的两维两相多组分渗流方程，最后给出了差分方程。
My paper can be divided into three parts, which study behavior evaluation methods of cross-linked polymer gelants, suitable conditions for gels, a mathematical model simulating gels cross-linking reaction in situ.
Those parts include four chapters, in Chapter 1, large pieces of articles were read, many behavior evaluation methods of gels were gathered, which discuss processes of gelants dissolution, gel-forming, gelants injection into porous media briefly. These methods almost include all of the behavior evaluation indexes of gelants in lab. While presenting these indexes one by one, such details as method processes, experiment facilities, employer departments, suitable conditions are also introduced. Chapter 2, on the basis of those methods, lab experiment was carried out with choosing a typical kind of chromium gelant. Some evaluation index parameters were tested, some effects on gelant behaviors were learnt by varying pH salinity concentration temperature etc, a reasonable gelant formulation and the suitable conditions were both given. Chapter 3, based on former two chapters, the criterion of gels sorting was refered; based on reservoir and technique, some conclusions of suitable conditions and application ranges w
ere given. Chapter 4, described some physical and chemical phenomena by means of math, modeled the cross-linking gelant transport gelation in situ, the gelation model is a two dimensional two phases multicomponent equation, in the end differential equations were followed. Although our calculations are quite preliminary even without solution some interesting conclusions on gel systems also have been reached.
通过查阅大量文献，集中了国内外较为普遍的关于调剖剂的性能评价方法，这些评价方法主要是从调剖剂溶解过程、成胶过程和多孔介质注入过程三个方面展开。这三个方面包括了调剖剂室内实验性能评价的所有指标，简要叙述了实验设备、实验步骤、使用单位和适用范围等相关情况。根据所调研的性能评价方法，选用具有代表性的铬冻胶调剖剂进行室内实验，测定了调剖剂的性能指标参数，研究多种因素的变化对调剖剂性能的影响，得到了较为合理的调剖剂配方以及此类调剖剂的适用条件。给出了凝胶划分原则；围绕着油藏条件和工艺条件，研究了冻胶类调剖剂所适用的条件和范围。第四章用数学方法描述了交联反应涉及的物理化学现象，建立了关于调剖剂在地层条件下运移、交联的数学模型，这是一个关于油、调剖剂水溶液(聚合物、交联剂、凝胶包含在水相中)的两维两相多组分渗流方程，最后给出了差分方程。
My paper can be divided into three parts, which study behavior evaluation methods of cross-linked polymer gelants, suitable conditions for gels, a mathematical model simulating gels cross-linking reaction in situ.
Those parts include four chapters, in Chapter 1, large pieces of articles were read, many behavior evaluation methods of gels were gathered, which discuss processes of gelants dissolution, gel-forming, gelants injection into porous media briefly. These methods almost include all of the behavior evaluation indexes of gelants in lab. While presenting these indexes one by one, such details as method processes, experiment facilities, employer departments, suitable conditions are also introduced. Chapter 2, on the basis of those methods, lab experiment was carried out with choosing a typical kind of chromium gelant. Some evaluation index parameters were tested, some effects on gelant behaviors were learnt by varying pH salinity concentration temperature etc, a reasonable gelant formulation and the suitable conditions were both given. Chapter 3, based on former two chapters, the criterion of gels sorting was refered; based on reservoir and technique, some conclusions of suitable conditions and application ranges w
ere given. Chapter 4, described some physical and chemical phenomena by means of math, modeled the cross-linking gelant transport gelation in situ, the gelation model is a two dimensional two phases multicomponent equation, in the end differential equations were followed. Although our calculations are quite preliminary even without solution some interesting conclusions on gel systems also have been reached.
引文
[1] 刘一江等．化学调剖堵水技术．石油工业出版社．1999．11：45～60
[2] 孙景民等．黄原胶在大港枣园油田的应用．石油勘探与开发．2000．27(5)：90～92
[3] 赵福麟．堵水剂．油田化学．1986．3(1)：39～50
[4] 王刚等．超高分子量聚合物性能评价研究．大庆石油地质与开发．2001．20(2)：101～103
[5] 唐康泰等．极性聚合物聚丙烯酰胺的溶解Ⅰ．油田化学．1988．5(4)：249～256
[6] 应宗荣等．水溶性聚酯的溶解性能．合成技术及应用．1998．13(4)：7～9
[7] 魏秀丽译．深度封堵凝胶．采油工艺情报．1994．1(2)：88
[8] 戴彩丽等．影响醛冻胶成冻因素的研究．油田化学．2001．18(1)：24～26
[9] J.E.Smith. The Transition Pressure:A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacrylamide Gel Strength. SPE 18739.1989:473
[10] 颜鑫等．TY-1高温堵水剂的研究及应用．断块油气田．2002．9(5)：63～65
[11] 王平美等．调驱用RSP3抗盐聚合物弱凝胶研制．油田化学．2001．18(3)：251～254
[12] R.D.Sydansk.. A New Conformance-Improvement-Treatment Chromium Gel Technology. SPE17329:100
[13] 朱恒春等．锆冻胶堵剂．油田化学．1989．6(1)：27～31
[14] 高振环等．多孔介质中凝胶强度测试方法的探讨．油田化学．1990．7(3)：240～243
[15] 戴彩丽等．影响醛冻胶成冻因素的研究．油田化学．2001．18(1)：24～26
[16] 艾文斌．低温铬冻胶的室内研究．大庆石油学院学士学位论文．2001：15
[17] 郑红译．碳酸盐油藏油井化学胶堵水设计和现场应用．采油工艺情报．1990．3：12～14
[18] J.D.Purkaple etc. Evaluation of Commercial Crosslinked Polyacrylamide Gel Systems for Injection Profile Modification. SPE 17331. 1988:126
[19] S.Hubbard etc. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Time-setting Polymer Gels in Porous Media. SPE14959.1986:447～449
[20] M.Z.Southard etc. Kinetics of the Chromium/Thiourea Reaction in the Presence of Polyacrylamide. SPE 17715.1994:399～400
[21] Paola Albonico etc. Studies on Phenol-Formaldehyde Crosslinked Polymer Gels in Bulk and in Porous Media. SPE28983.1995:404
[22] Sydansk.R.D. Acrylamide-Polymer/Chromium(Ⅲ)Carboxylate Gels for Near Wellbore Matrix Treatments. SPE 20214. 1990:398～399
[23] 李未蓝译．高渗透的生产井用稀聚丙烯酰胺凝胶堵水．采油工艺情报．1994．3：49
[24] 董朝霞等．盐浓度对交联聚合物形态的影响．油田化学．2002．19(1)：80～84
[25] 陈尚冰等．延缓交联暂堵剂的研制．石油与天然气化工．1996．25(1)：34～37
[26] 王平美等．抗高盐的非离子聚合物弱凝胶调驱体系．石油钻采工艺．2002．24(5)：53～56
[27] 汪庐山等．HPAM／Cr~(3+)交联机理及其耐温抗盐性．油气地质与采收率．2002．9(3)：39～40
[28] 党丽晏等．凝胶型油井高温抗盐化学堵剂的研制与应用．江汉石油学报．2003．24(3)：70～71
[29] 宋书苓．一种用于碳酸盐岩高温地层的冻胶堵水剂．油田化学．1989．6(4)300～303
[30] 韩群业译．利用新化学剂及机械技术进行调剖堵水．采油工艺情报．1994．4：52
[31] 董建军．木质素聚丙烯酰胺调剖剂的研制与评价．黑龙江大学硕士学位论文．2001：32～35
[32] 才程等．铬冻胶堵剂突破压力的测定．石油大学学报．2002．26(5)：58～64
[33] Chyi-Gang Huang. An Experimental Study of the In-Situ Gelant of Chromium(+3)-Polyacrlamide
Polymer in Porous Media. SPE 12638. 1984:107
[34] 李明远等．部分水解聚丙烯酰胺／柠檬酸铝交联体系的分类讨论．油田化学．2000．17(4)：343
[35] 彭勃等．聚丙烯酰胺胶态分散凝胶微观形态研究．油田化学．1998．15(4)：358～361．353
[36] 唐孝芬等．堵水调剖用暂堵剂ZDJ-98的研制与性能评价．油田化学．1999．16(2)：128～131
[37] A.Zaitoun etc. Thin Polyacrylamide Gels for Water Control in High-Permeability. SPE22785.1991:265
[38] Purbaya Gandaw etc. Acrylamide-copolymer Gel for Profile Modifications:A Case Study in Central Sumatra Basin. Indonesia. SPE 35384.1996:378～379
[39] 毛金成 深部调剖剂研制 西南石油学院 硕士研究生学位论文．2002．4：40～45
[40] R.S.Seright. Use of Preformed Gels for Conformance Control in Fractured Systems. SPE35351.1996:56
[41] Arne Stavland etc. Simulation Model for Predicting Placement of Gels. SPE28600.1994:387
[42] R.S.Seright. Reduction of Gas and Water Permeability Using Gels. SPE25855. 1995:103～105
[43] R.S.Seright. A Survey of Field Application of Gel Treatments for Water Shutoff. SPE26991.1994:224～225
[44] 李贵斌等．弱凝胶调剖在岔河集油田的应用．石油钻采工艺．1999．21(4)：111～112
[45] 大庆石油学院石油工程系．油田调剖堵水技术综述．1998．8：34～35
[46] 吴凤芝等．PI8203调剖效果室内岩心评价．大庆石油学院学报．1988．12(4)：66：67
[47] J.Liang etc.Placement of Gels in Production Wells.SPE 20211.1990:380
[48] 吴迪祥等．油层物理．石油工业出版社．1994．2：38
[49] A.Zaitoun etc. Two-Phase Flow Through Porous Media:Effect of an Adsorbed Polymer Layer. SPE 18085.1988:297～302
[50] 马广彦．聚合物微凝胶调剖剂及其岩心渗流特征．钻采工艺．2001．24(3)：66
[51] 翟云芳等．渗流力学．石油工业出版社．1994．5：94～98
[52] 宋考平等．油藏数值模拟理论基础．石油工业出版社．1996．10：105～108
[2] 孙景民等．黄原胶在大港枣园油田的应用．石油勘探与开发．2000．27(5)：90～92
[3] 赵福麟．堵水剂．油田化学．1986．3(1)：39～50
[4] 王刚等．超高分子量聚合物性能评价研究．大庆石油地质与开发．2001．20(2)：101～103
[5] 唐康泰等．极性聚合物聚丙烯酰胺的溶解Ⅰ．油田化学．1988．5(4)：249～256
[6] 应宗荣等．水溶性聚酯的溶解性能．合成技术及应用．1998．13(4)：7～9
[7] 魏秀丽译．深度封堵凝胶．采油工艺情报．1994．1(2)：88
[8] 戴彩丽等．影响醛冻胶成冻因素的研究．油田化学．2001．18(1)：24～26
[9] J.E.Smith. The Transition Pressure:A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacrylamide Gel Strength. SPE 18739.1989:473
[10] 颜鑫等．TY-1高温堵水剂的研究及应用．断块油气田．2002．9(5)：63～65
[11] 王平美等．调驱用RSP3抗盐聚合物弱凝胶研制．油田化学．2001．18(3)：251～254
[12] R.D.Sydansk.. A New Conformance-Improvement-Treatment Chromium Gel Technology. SPE17329:100
[13] 朱恒春等．锆冻胶堵剂．油田化学．1989．6(1)：27～31
[14] 高振环等．多孔介质中凝胶强度测试方法的探讨．油田化学．1990．7(3)：240～243
[15] 戴彩丽等．影响醛冻胶成冻因素的研究．油田化学．2001．18(1)：24～26
[16] 艾文斌．低温铬冻胶的室内研究．大庆石油学院学士学位论文．2001：15
[17] 郑红译．碳酸盐油藏油井化学胶堵水设计和现场应用．采油工艺情报．1990．3：12～14
[18] J.D.Purkaple etc. Evaluation of Commercial Crosslinked Polyacrylamide Gel Systems for Injection Profile Modification. SPE 17331. 1988:126
[19] S.Hubbard etc. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Time-setting Polymer Gels in Porous Media. SPE14959.1986:447～449
[20] M.Z.Southard etc. Kinetics of the Chromium/Thiourea Reaction in the Presence of Polyacrylamide. SPE 17715.1994:399～400
[21] Paola Albonico etc. Studies on Phenol-Formaldehyde Crosslinked Polymer Gels in Bulk and in Porous Media. SPE28983.1995:404
[22] Sydansk.R.D. Acrylamide-Polymer/Chromium(Ⅲ)Carboxylate Gels for Near Wellbore Matrix Treatments. SPE 20214. 1990:398～399
[23] 李未蓝译．高渗透的生产井用稀聚丙烯酰胺凝胶堵水．采油工艺情报．1994．3：49
[24] 董朝霞等．盐浓度对交联聚合物形态的影响．油田化学．2002．19(1)：80～84
[25] 陈尚冰等．延缓交联暂堵剂的研制．石油与天然气化工．1996．25(1)：34～37
[26] 王平美等．抗高盐的非离子聚合物弱凝胶调驱体系．石油钻采工艺．2002．24(5)：53～56
[27] 汪庐山等．HPAM／Cr~(3+)交联机理及其耐温抗盐性．油气地质与采收率．2002．9(3)：39～40
[28] 党丽晏等．凝胶型油井高温抗盐化学堵剂的研制与应用．江汉石油学报．2003．24(3)：70～71
[29] 宋书苓．一种用于碳酸盐岩高温地层的冻胶堵水剂．油田化学．1989．6(4)300～303
[30] 韩群业译．利用新化学剂及机械技术进行调剖堵水．采油工艺情报．1994．4：52
[31] 董建军．木质素聚丙烯酰胺调剖剂的研制与评价．黑龙江大学硕士学位论文．2001：32～35
[32] 才程等．铬冻胶堵剂突破压力的测定．石油大学学报．2002．26(5)：58～64
[33] Chyi-Gang Huang. An Experimental Study of the In-Situ Gelant of Chromium(+3)-Polyacrlamide
Polymer in Porous Media. SPE 12638. 1984:107
[34] 李明远等．部分水解聚丙烯酰胺／柠檬酸铝交联体系的分类讨论．油田化学．2000．17(4)：343
[35] 彭勃等．聚丙烯酰胺胶态分散凝胶微观形态研究．油田化学．1998．15(4)：358～361．353
[36] 唐孝芬等．堵水调剖用暂堵剂ZDJ-98的研制与性能评价．油田化学．1999．16(2)：128～131
[37] A.Zaitoun etc. Thin Polyacrylamide Gels for Water Control in High-Permeability. SPE22785.1991:265
[38] Purbaya Gandaw etc. Acrylamide-copolymer Gel for Profile Modifications:A Case Study in Central Sumatra Basin. Indonesia. SPE 35384.1996:378～379
[39] 毛金成 深部调剖剂研制 西南石油学院 硕士研究生学位论文．2002．4：40～45
[40] R.S.Seright. Use of Preformed Gels for Conformance Control in Fractured Systems. SPE35351.1996:56
[41] Arne Stavland etc. Simulation Model for Predicting Placement of Gels. SPE28600.1994:387
[42] R.S.Seright. Reduction of Gas and Water Permeability Using Gels. SPE25855. 1995:103～105
[43] R.S.Seright. A Survey of Field Application of Gel Treatments for Water Shutoff. SPE26991.1994:224～225
[44] 李贵斌等．弱凝胶调剖在岔河集油田的应用．石油钻采工艺．1999．21(4)：111～112
[45] 大庆石油学院石油工程系．油田调剖堵水技术综述．1998．8：34～35
[46] 吴凤芝等．PI8203调剖效果室内岩心评价．大庆石油学院学报．1988．12(4)：66：67
[47] J.Liang etc.Placement of Gels in Production Wells.SPE 20211.1990:380
[48] 吴迪祥等．油层物理．石油工业出版社．1994．2：38
[49] A.Zaitoun etc. Two-Phase Flow Through Porous Media:Effect of an Adsorbed Polymer Layer. SPE 18085.1988:297～302
[50] 马广彦．聚合物微凝胶调剖剂及其岩心渗流特征．钻采工艺．2001．24(3)：66
[51] 翟云芳等．渗流力学．石油工业出版社．1994．5：94～98
[52] 宋考平等．油藏数值模拟理论基础．石油工业出版社．1996．10：105～108