基于MSP430F149的干扰电治疗仪的研究
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摘要
现代生活节奏加快,慢性病发病率逐年升高;现代医疗技术发展的同时带来了医疗费用的上涨;世界人口的老龄化,越来越少的年轻人将要面对照顾越来越多老年人的现实。由于上述问题,小型理疗仪的设计已经成为医疗器械领域的研究热点。本文就是对干扰电治疗仪系统进行设计研究,具体内容包括:
介绍了干扰电疗法的相关理论,包括干扰电流的产生原理、干扰电流的物理特性、干扰电疗法的生理作用和治疗方法。系统设计的医学理论基础就是干扰电疗法。
介绍了直接数字频率合成技术(DDS),通过对采样定理的回顾引出了对直接数字频率合成技术的分析。说明了DDS的基本原理是基于Nyquist采样定理;分析了DDS的基本工作原理及这种技术的优缺点。给出DDS的数学模型,在此基础上分析了理想情况下和非理想情况下DDS输出信号的频谱及误差,重点分析了DDS的背景杂散信号来源及其对输出信号频谱的影响。
提出了一种将电疗法和DDS技术、单片机技术相结合的设计方案。论述了基于单片机的干扰电治疗仪的完整设计过程。详细论述了系统硬件原理图设计、软件设计思想及所采取的软硬件抗干扰措施,并进行了硬件电路的设计、DDS电路仿真、单片机软件编制、系统调试和结果测试。仿真测试结果表明,整机系统达到了设计指标的要求。
最后,总结论文的主要工作并分析存在的问题,为进一步的研究提供基础和宝贵的经验。
Because of the accelerated rhythm of life, the incidence of chronic diseases hoists year by year. The development of modern medical technology has brought the rising of medical costs. The aging of the world's population, young people will have to face the reality that they will have to take care of more and more elderly people. Because of the above-mentioned problems, the design of small physiotherapeutic instrument has become the research focus of medical equipment. In this paper, researches based on interferential current therapy instrument, the primary content includes:
The theory of Interferential Current Therapy (ICT) is introduced. The principle, physical features, physiological action, and therapeutic methods of ICT are introduced. Interferential Current Therapy provides a medical theory basis for this system.
Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) technology is introduced. Through the review of the sampling theorem, the analysis of direct digital synthesizer technology is led. The basic principle of DDS is based upon the Nyquist sampling theorem. The basic operational principle and the characteristics of DDS are analyzed. The mathematical model of DDS is given. On this basis, the output spectrum of DDS with ideal parameters and non-ideal parameters are discussed. Analysis focused on background spurious of DDS and their effects on the output spectrum.
The project that electric therapy combines with DDS technology and Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) technology is putted forward. Complete design process of this system is discussed. In this paper, the scheme of this system, the programming of the software and the anti-interference measures are designed in detail. The hardware circuit design, DDS circuit simulation, software development, system debugging and the test have been completed. The results introduces that the system meet the need of our demand.
Finally, this paper summed up the major work papers and analysis of existing problems, in order to provide a basis and valuable experience for further study.
介绍了干扰电疗法的相关理论,包括干扰电流的产生原理、干扰电流的物理特性、干扰电疗法的生理作用和治疗方法。系统设计的医学理论基础就是干扰电疗法。
介绍了直接数字频率合成技术(DDS),通过对采样定理的回顾引出了对直接数字频率合成技术的分析。说明了DDS的基本原理是基于Nyquist采样定理;分析了DDS的基本工作原理及这种技术的优缺点。给出DDS的数学模型,在此基础上分析了理想情况下和非理想情况下DDS输出信号的频谱及误差,重点分析了DDS的背景杂散信号来源及其对输出信号频谱的影响。
提出了一种将电疗法和DDS技术、单片机技术相结合的设计方案。论述了基于单片机的干扰电治疗仪的完整设计过程。详细论述了系统硬件原理图设计、软件设计思想及所采取的软硬件抗干扰措施,并进行了硬件电路的设计、DDS电路仿真、单片机软件编制、系统调试和结果测试。仿真测试结果表明,整机系统达到了设计指标的要求。
最后,总结论文的主要工作并分析存在的问题,为进一步的研究提供基础和宝贵的经验。
Because of the accelerated rhythm of life, the incidence of chronic diseases hoists year by year. The development of modern medical technology has brought the rising of medical costs. The aging of the world's population, young people will have to face the reality that they will have to take care of more and more elderly people. Because of the above-mentioned problems, the design of small physiotherapeutic instrument has become the research focus of medical equipment. In this paper, researches based on interferential current therapy instrument, the primary content includes:
The theory of Interferential Current Therapy (ICT) is introduced. The principle, physical features, physiological action, and therapeutic methods of ICT are introduced. Interferential Current Therapy provides a medical theory basis for this system.
Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) technology is introduced. Through the review of the sampling theorem, the analysis of direct digital synthesizer technology is led. The basic principle of DDS is based upon the Nyquist sampling theorem. The basic operational principle and the characteristics of DDS are analyzed. The mathematical model of DDS is given. On this basis, the output spectrum of DDS with ideal parameters and non-ideal parameters are discussed. Analysis focused on background spurious of DDS and their effects on the output spectrum.
The project that electric therapy combines with DDS technology and Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) technology is putted forward. Complete design process of this system is discussed. In this paper, the scheme of this system, the programming of the software and the anti-interference measures are designed in detail. The hardware circuit design, DDS circuit simulation, software development, system debugging and the test have been completed. The results introduces that the system meet the need of our demand.
Finally, this paper summed up the major work papers and analysis of existing problems, in order to provide a basis and valuable experience for further study.
引文
1陈景藻.现代物理治疗学.北京:人民军医出版社, 2001: 5
2张建斌.频率合成新技术及其应用.江苏技术师范学院学报, 2003, 9(2): 18-23
3 J. Tierney, C. Rader, B. Gold. A Digital Frequency Synthesizer. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, 1971, 19(1): 48-57
4 P. H. Saul. Direct Frequency Synthesis-A Review of Techniques and Potential. Fifth International Conference on Radio Receivers and Associated Systems, Landon, 1990. IEEE Conference Publication, 1990: 5-9
5 Nickman L. Direct Digital Synthesis. Electronics World and Wireless World, 1992, 97(9): 746-748
6 Kliene G. Direct Digital Synthesis-DDS. Elektor Electronics, 1992, 18(2): 52-55
7 Lawrence J Kushner and Marcus T. Ainsworth. A Spurious Reduction Technique for High-Speed Direct Digital Synthesizers. Proceedings of the Annual IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. 1996: 920-927
8 Caglio. Nathalic, Degouy. Jcan-Luc, Meignant. Didier, et al. Integrated GaAs 1.25 GHz Clock Frequency FM-CW Direct Digital Synthesizer. IEEE. The 15th Annual IEEE GaAs IC Symposium, San Jose, CA, USA, 1993. IEEE, 167-170
9王文华.基于DDS技术的任意波形发生器研究. [浙江大学硕士学位论文]. 2002: 2
10刘珊珊.康复医学.北京:北京医科大学出版社, 2001: 56
11陈景藻.现代物理治疗学.北京:人民军医出版社, 2001: 139-143
12钱显毅,屈少华.静态干扰电疗法的物理原理与应用.襄樊职业技术学院学报, 2004, 3(4): 17
13 Nikolova L. The Hemodynamic Disorders in Sudeck’s Atrophy and the Effect on Th- em of Interferential Therapy. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 1992: 38
14林涛,楚岩,林薇.数字电子技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 228-229
15冯建雨.单片机控制的函数发生器设计与实现.机床电器, 2005, 32(5): 45-49
16全国大学生电子设计竟赛组委会.全国大学生电子设计竞赛获奖作品精选(1994-1999).北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2003: 60-74
17王永,刘志强,刘硕. DDS在任意波形发生器中的应用.仪表技术, 2001, (4): 22-23
18 Jouko Vankka, Mikko Waltari, Marko Kosunen, et a1. A Direct Synthesizer with an On-Chip D/A-Converter. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1998, 33(2): 218-226
19赫建国,郑燕.单片机在电子电路设计中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 131
20 David Buchanan. Choosing DACs for Direct Digital Synthesis. 1992
21冯涛,张兵,孙肖子.基于DDS方式的信号发生器设.电子设计应用, 2003, (12): 31-33
22潘长勇,王劲涛.现代通信原理实验.北京:清华大学出版社出版, 2005: 184
23 Venceslav Fkroupa, Senior Member, VBclav Cigek, et al. Spurious Signals Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer Due to the Phase Truncation. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, 2000, 47(5): 1166-1172
24李海松,张奇荣,权海洋. DDS的相位截断及相应的杂散信号分析.微电子学与计算机, 2006, 23(2): 141-143
25 A. G. M. Strollo, D. De Caro. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers Exploiting Piecewise Linear Chebyshev Approximation.Microelectronics Journal, 2003, 34(11): 1099-1106
26赵正敏.相位截尾对DDS输出频谱影响的分析与计算.东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 30(1): 141-145
27郭荣祥,郭吉祥. AD9850 125MHz DDS频率合成器的原理及应用.模拟器件天地, 1997(12): 10-12
28张玉兴,彭清泉.DDS的背景杂散信号分析.电子科技大学学报, 1997, 26(4): 363
29刘光辉.并行DDS频率源技术研究. [电子科技大学硕士论文].成都:电子科技大学无线电物理, 2002, 11-17
30蔡竟业,袁文,王文钦.一种高分辨率低杂散频率合成器的研制.电子科技大学学报, 2005, 34(6): 1009-1012
31 Sodagar A M, Lahiji G R. Mapping from Phase to Sine-Amplitude in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers Using Parabolic Approximation. IEEE Trans Circuits Sys-II:Anolog and Digital Signal Processing, 2000, 47(12): 1452-1457
32 Eisenson H. Frequency Synthesis using DDS/NCO Technology, IEEE. Electro International Conference Record. Ventura, CA, USA, Electron Conventions Manage, 1991: 400-418
33 Analog Device Inc. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. 1999: 35-37
34吴大正.信号与线性系统分析.北京:高等教育出版社, 1998: 152-195
35牛申阁,黄晓雷,庞洪. DDS杂散信号分析与仿真.桂林航天工业高等专科学校学报, 2008, 4: 72-116
36 Nichols Henry T, Samueli Henry. Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers in the Presence of Phase-Accumulator Truncation. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Frequency Symposium, Philadelphia, USA, 1987. IEEE, 1987: 495-502
37 Mattison Edward M, Coyle Laurence M. Phase Noise in Direct Digital Synthesizers. Proceedings of the Annual Frequency Control Symposium, Baltimore USA, 1988. Electronic Industries Assoc, 1988: 352-356
38 Kroupa V F. Discrete Spurious Signal and Back Ground Noise in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers. 1993 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 1993: 242-250
39张玉兴,彭清泉.相位舍位对DDS谱分布的影响.电子科技大学学报, 1997, 26(2): 137-142
40魏景伙.机电设备的单片机控制系统开发研究. [山东大学硕士学位论文]. 2001: 12
41张铮.单片机原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 226
42魏小龙, MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002: 13-17
43胡大可. MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001: 3-4
44沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 20-21
45 Lutz Bierl. MSP430 Application Report Book. 2000
46 Analog corp. Analog Devices. http://www.analog.com, 2005
47 Analog Devices, Inc.. AD9832 Data Sheet. 1999
48江玉蓉,周有庆,吴桂清. DDS芯片AD9832的原理及应用.国外电子元器件, 2001, 10: 11-13
49 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.. MAX293/294/297 Data Sheet. 1992
50崔玮. Protel 99 se电路原理图与电路板设计教程.北京:海洋出版社, 2005: 17-140
51公茂法,马宝甫,孙晨.单片机人机接口实例集.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 1998: 1-8
52王汀.微处理机原理与接口技术.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004: 7
53李朝青.单片机学习辅导测验及解答讲义.北京:北京肮空航天大学出版社, 2003: 7
54张晞,王德银,张晨. MSP430系列单片机使用C语言程序设计.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2005: 98
55 Taxes Instruments, Mixing C and Assembler with the MSP430, 2002
56张毅刚,彭喜元,姜守达等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2003: 29
57刘迎春. MCS-51单片机原理及应用教程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 83
58黄维通,鲁明羽. C程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 1
59 Texas Instrument. MSP430 C Compiler Programming Guide. 2000
60 Analog Devices, Inc.. AD9832 Data Sheet. 1999
2张建斌.频率合成新技术及其应用.江苏技术师范学院学报, 2003, 9(2): 18-23
3 J. Tierney, C. Rader, B. Gold. A Digital Frequency Synthesizer. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, 1971, 19(1): 48-57
4 P. H. Saul. Direct Frequency Synthesis-A Review of Techniques and Potential. Fifth International Conference on Radio Receivers and Associated Systems, Landon, 1990. IEEE Conference Publication, 1990: 5-9
5 Nickman L. Direct Digital Synthesis. Electronics World and Wireless World, 1992, 97(9): 746-748
6 Kliene G. Direct Digital Synthesis-DDS. Elektor Electronics, 1992, 18(2): 52-55
7 Lawrence J Kushner and Marcus T. Ainsworth. A Spurious Reduction Technique for High-Speed Direct Digital Synthesizers. Proceedings of the Annual IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. 1996: 920-927
8 Caglio. Nathalic, Degouy. Jcan-Luc, Meignant. Didier, et al. Integrated GaAs 1.25 GHz Clock Frequency FM-CW Direct Digital Synthesizer. IEEE. The 15th Annual IEEE GaAs IC Symposium, San Jose, CA, USA, 1993. IEEE, 167-170
9王文华.基于DDS技术的任意波形发生器研究. [浙江大学硕士学位论文]. 2002: 2
10刘珊珊.康复医学.北京:北京医科大学出版社, 2001: 56
11陈景藻.现代物理治疗学.北京:人民军医出版社, 2001: 139-143
12钱显毅,屈少华.静态干扰电疗法的物理原理与应用.襄樊职业技术学院学报, 2004, 3(4): 17
13 Nikolova L. The Hemodynamic Disorders in Sudeck’s Atrophy and the Effect on Th- em of Interferential Therapy. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 1992: 38
14林涛,楚岩,林薇.数字电子技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 228-229
15冯建雨.单片机控制的函数发生器设计与实现.机床电器, 2005, 32(5): 45-49
16全国大学生电子设计竟赛组委会.全国大学生电子设计竞赛获奖作品精选(1994-1999).北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2003: 60-74
17王永,刘志强,刘硕. DDS在任意波形发生器中的应用.仪表技术, 2001, (4): 22-23
18 Jouko Vankka, Mikko Waltari, Marko Kosunen, et a1. A Direct Synthesizer with an On-Chip D/A-Converter. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1998, 33(2): 218-226
19赫建国,郑燕.单片机在电子电路设计中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 131
20 David Buchanan. Choosing DACs for Direct Digital Synthesis. 1992
21冯涛,张兵,孙肖子.基于DDS方式的信号发生器设.电子设计应用, 2003, (12): 31-33
22潘长勇,王劲涛.现代通信原理实验.北京:清华大学出版社出版, 2005: 184
23 Venceslav Fkroupa, Senior Member, VBclav Cigek, et al. Spurious Signals Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer Due to the Phase Truncation. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, 2000, 47(5): 1166-1172
24李海松,张奇荣,权海洋. DDS的相位截断及相应的杂散信号分析.微电子学与计算机, 2006, 23(2): 141-143
25 A. G. M. Strollo, D. De Caro. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers Exploiting Piecewise Linear Chebyshev Approximation.Microelectronics Journal, 2003, 34(11): 1099-1106
26赵正敏.相位截尾对DDS输出频谱影响的分析与计算.东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 30(1): 141-145
27郭荣祥,郭吉祥. AD9850 125MHz DDS频率合成器的原理及应用.模拟器件天地, 1997(12): 10-12
28张玉兴,彭清泉.DDS的背景杂散信号分析.电子科技大学学报, 1997, 26(4): 363
29刘光辉.并行DDS频率源技术研究. [电子科技大学硕士论文].成都:电子科技大学无线电物理, 2002, 11-17
30蔡竟业,袁文,王文钦.一种高分辨率低杂散频率合成器的研制.电子科技大学学报, 2005, 34(6): 1009-1012
31 Sodagar A M, Lahiji G R. Mapping from Phase to Sine-Amplitude in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers Using Parabolic Approximation. IEEE Trans Circuits Sys-II:Anolog and Digital Signal Processing, 2000, 47(12): 1452-1457
32 Eisenson H. Frequency Synthesis using DDS/NCO Technology, IEEE. Electro International Conference Record. Ventura, CA, USA, Electron Conventions Manage, 1991: 400-418
33 Analog Device Inc. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. 1999: 35-37
34吴大正.信号与线性系统分析.北京:高等教育出版社, 1998: 152-195
35牛申阁,黄晓雷,庞洪. DDS杂散信号分析与仿真.桂林航天工业高等专科学校学报, 2008, 4: 72-116
36 Nichols Henry T, Samueli Henry. Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers in the Presence of Phase-Accumulator Truncation. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Frequency Symposium, Philadelphia, USA, 1987. IEEE, 1987: 495-502
37 Mattison Edward M, Coyle Laurence M. Phase Noise in Direct Digital Synthesizers. Proceedings of the Annual Frequency Control Symposium, Baltimore USA, 1988. Electronic Industries Assoc, 1988: 352-356
38 Kroupa V F. Discrete Spurious Signal and Back Ground Noise in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers. 1993 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 1993: 242-250
39张玉兴,彭清泉.相位舍位对DDS谱分布的影响.电子科技大学学报, 1997, 26(2): 137-142
40魏景伙.机电设备的单片机控制系统开发研究. [山东大学硕士学位论文]. 2001: 12
41张铮.单片机原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 226
42魏小龙, MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002: 13-17
43胡大可. MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001: 3-4
44沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 20-21
45 Lutz Bierl. MSP430 Application Report Book. 2000
46 Analog corp. Analog Devices. http://www.analog.com, 2005
47 Analog Devices, Inc.. AD9832 Data Sheet. 1999
48江玉蓉,周有庆,吴桂清. DDS芯片AD9832的原理及应用.国外电子元器件, 2001, 10: 11-13
49 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.. MAX293/294/297 Data Sheet. 1992
50崔玮. Protel 99 se电路原理图与电路板设计教程.北京:海洋出版社, 2005: 17-140
51公茂法,马宝甫,孙晨.单片机人机接口实例集.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 1998: 1-8
52王汀.微处理机原理与接口技术.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004: 7
53李朝青.单片机学习辅导测验及解答讲义.北京:北京肮空航天大学出版社, 2003: 7
54张晞,王德银,张晨. MSP430系列单片机使用C语言程序设计.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2005: 98
55 Taxes Instruments, Mixing C and Assembler with the MSP430, 2002
56张毅刚,彭喜元,姜守达等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2003: 29
57刘迎春. MCS-51单片机原理及应用教程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 83
58黄维通,鲁明羽. C程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 1
59 Texas Instrument. MSP430 C Compiler Programming Guide. 2000
60 Analog Devices, Inc.. AD9832 Data Sheet. 1999
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