高岭石插层、剥片及其在橡胶复合材料中应用研究
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摘要
以张家口宣化地区高岭土为原料,综合运用矿物学、材料学理论知识与地质背景分析,对该地区高岭土基本特征及其成因进行了探讨。采用插层加磨剥的方法成功制备出了粒度近于1μm的高岭土超细片层材料。详细研究了插层剂类型、插层时间、温度、pH值、磨剥浆料溶液的固液比、磨剥浆料的质量、磨剥时间、介质球粒径以及磨剥机的转速对插层磨剥高岭土的粒度及径厚比产生的影响。对已制备的高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物的热稳定性能进行了深入研究。在热稳定性能研究的基础上,对醋酸钾在高岭石层间的存在形式进行了分析,同时利用软件对其存在形式进行了模拟。醋酸钾进入高岭石层间使得其层间距扩大、层间作用力减弱,利用这一性质对高岭石插层后进行剥片,以达到其层与层之间分离,降低粒度提高径厚比。对影响剥片高岭土插层复合物的主要因素进行了讨论。将经过醋酸钾插层剥片的具有较高径厚比的高岭土超微细粉体作为橡胶填料,制备橡胶/高岭土复合材料,对比研究插层剥片高岭士对橡胶复合材料力学性能及气体阻隔性能的改善。
The kaolin from Zhangjiakou in Hebei provinice was analysed by the theoretical knowledge of mineralogy, material sciences and geological background. The properties and orgin of this kaolin sample were discussed. Five chemicals were intercalated into the interlayer of kaolinite by immersion method. The d (001) spacing of kaolinite was expanded to 1.42 nm by potassium acetate, which is larger than intercalated by the other four chemicals. Based upon the interclation results, the factors that influence the intercalation were investigated, and the thermal behavior of kaolinite/potassium acetate intercalation complex were discussed. The molecular structure of kaolinite/potassium intercalation complex was simulated with the software Materials Studio and calculated by the length of band. The intercalation caused the destruction of the hydrogen bonding between the kaolinite layers. Therefore, delamination of kaolinite was achieved through intercalation and ball-milling. This method did not change the structural order, and the kaolinite particulates have high aspect ratio and good particle size. The influence fators of the delamination of intercalated kaolinite were discussed. The kaolinite intercalated with potassium acetate and delamination is applied to reinforced the rubber composites. In order to improve the gas permeability and mechanical property of rubber composites, the intercalation and delamination experiments of kaolinite filled the rubber are researched.The reinforcing and barrier mechanism of delaminated and intercalated kaolinite in rubber composites were analysed elaborately based on the combination of experimental results.
The kaolin from Zhangjiakou in Hebei provinice was analysed by the theoretical knowledge of mineralogy, material sciences and geological background. The properties and orgin of this kaolin sample were discussed. Five chemicals were intercalated into the interlayer of kaolinite by immersion method. The d (001) spacing of kaolinite was expanded to 1.42 nm by potassium acetate, which is larger than intercalated by the other four chemicals. Based upon the interclation results, the factors that influence the intercalation were investigated, and the thermal behavior of kaolinite/potassium acetate intercalation complex were discussed. The molecular structure of kaolinite/potassium intercalation complex was simulated with the software Materials Studio and calculated by the length of band. The intercalation caused the destruction of the hydrogen bonding between the kaolinite layers. Therefore, delamination of kaolinite was achieved through intercalation and ball-milling. This method did not change the structural order, and the kaolinite particulates have high aspect ratio and good particle size. The influence fators of the delamination of intercalated kaolinite were discussed. The kaolinite intercalated with potassium acetate and delamination is applied to reinforced the rubber composites. In order to improve the gas permeability and mechanical property of rubber composites, the intercalation and delamination experiments of kaolinite filled the rubber are researched.The reinforcing and barrier mechanism of delaminated and intercalated kaolinite in rubber composites were analysed elaborately based on the combination of experimental results.
引文
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