新疆哈拉乔拉地区1：5万遥感地质填图
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摘要
1:5万地质填图是一项十分重要的基础地质工作,我国疆域辽阔,任务非常艰巨。80年代初提出的20世纪1:5万区域地质调查的战略目标,显然不仅与我国作为世界国土大国不相称,也不能适应新一轮地质找矿的要求。然而,近年以来,遥感技术发展迅速,被广泛应用到了1:5万区域地质调查中,为这一目标的实现提供了保障。
本研究试通过以新疆哈拉乔拉地区1:5万区域地质填图为平台,将遥感技术融合进来进行1:5万遥感地质填图。使遥感地质填图为广大地质工作者所接受,以缩短地质填图周期、降低地质填图工作强度、减少地质填图投入、提高地质填图质量、丰富地质填图成果,探讨出一套遥感地质填图的程序。
在新疆哈拉乔拉地区1:5万遥感地质填图工作当中,以ETM+为填图的遥感数据,使用主成分分析、比值分析、IHS变换等多种方法增强、提取图像信息,提高图像的解译程度;运用影像单元—剖面等方法,结合野外地质调查资料和1:20万地质填图成果,通过目视解译,圈定了地质界限,编制成图。
本次填图,在遥感图像处理、野外地质调查和室内遥感解译的基础之上,修正了1:20万地质填图的部分不足,使地质界限、构造断裂等更趋于客观、准确,制作出了遥感解译地质图。同时,提取了该地区的矿化蚀变信息,圈定出了找矿靶区,为进一步的地质找矿工作提供了方向。
1:50 000 geological mapping is the most important work of the basic geology.Our country is very large,so the work is rough and vastness.The stratagem aim of the regional geological survey in twenty century bring forward in the last in 80s.Apparently,it is not dissymmetry with our large country and the new geolory ore-searching.However,the Remote Sensing Technology has a great development in the last year.Has being used in 1:50.000 regional geological survey.Ensure the aim come be true.
The research based on the item of the 1:50 000 regional geological mapping in ha la qiao la regional,xin jiang.Try to make remote sensing technique using in 1:50 000 remote sensing geological mapping.Making the remote sensing geological mapping accept by al of the geological operator.So as to shorten the geological mapping cycle,reduce the geological mapping work intensity.decrease the geological mapping devotion,enhance the geological mapping quality,rich geological mapping production.
At the 1:50 000 remote sensing geological mapping in ha la qiao la regional,xin jiang.Use the ETM+ as the mapping date of remote sensing,use the method of principal component analysis,ration analysis,HIS transform and so on to enhance and extraction image information,also to enhance the interpretation of the image.To commix the image cell section method,field geological surveying date,1:200 000 geological mapping production,via manpower visual interpretation to compartmentalize geological boundary.Protracted the Geological Map.
In this mapping.We based on remote sensing images processing.field geological surveying and remote sensing interpretation.We correctted some deficiency of the 1:200 000 geological mapping.Making the geological boundary.structure and fault more impersonality,nicety.Did the remote sensing Geological Map.Simultaneity,we extracted the alteration information.circled the farther prospecting targets,offered the farther orientation of the geologic prospecting.
本研究试通过以新疆哈拉乔拉地区1:5万区域地质填图为平台,将遥感技术融合进来进行1:5万遥感地质填图。使遥感地质填图为广大地质工作者所接受,以缩短地质填图周期、降低地质填图工作强度、减少地质填图投入、提高地质填图质量、丰富地质填图成果,探讨出一套遥感地质填图的程序。
在新疆哈拉乔拉地区1:5万遥感地质填图工作当中,以ETM+为填图的遥感数据,使用主成分分析、比值分析、IHS变换等多种方法增强、提取图像信息,提高图像的解译程度;运用影像单元—剖面等方法,结合野外地质调查资料和1:20万地质填图成果,通过目视解译,圈定了地质界限,编制成图。
本次填图,在遥感图像处理、野外地质调查和室内遥感解译的基础之上,修正了1:20万地质填图的部分不足,使地质界限、构造断裂等更趋于客观、准确,制作出了遥感解译地质图。同时,提取了该地区的矿化蚀变信息,圈定出了找矿靶区,为进一步的地质找矿工作提供了方向。
1:50 000 geological mapping is the most important work of the basic geology.Our country is very large,so the work is rough and vastness.The stratagem aim of the regional geological survey in twenty century bring forward in the last in 80s.Apparently,it is not dissymmetry with our large country and the new geolory ore-searching.However,the Remote Sensing Technology has a great development in the last year.Has being used in 1:50.000 regional geological survey.Ensure the aim come be true.
The research based on the item of the 1:50 000 regional geological mapping in ha la qiao la regional,xin jiang.Try to make remote sensing technique using in 1:50 000 remote sensing geological mapping.Making the remote sensing geological mapping accept by al of the geological operator.So as to shorten the geological mapping cycle,reduce the geological mapping work intensity.decrease the geological mapping devotion,enhance the geological mapping quality,rich geological mapping production.
At the 1:50 000 remote sensing geological mapping in ha la qiao la regional,xin jiang.Use the ETM+ as the mapping date of remote sensing,use the method of principal component analysis,ration analysis,HIS transform and so on to enhance and extraction image information,also to enhance the interpretation of the image.To commix the image cell section method,field geological surveying date,1:200 000 geological mapping production,via manpower visual interpretation to compartmentalize geological boundary.Protracted the Geological Map.
In this mapping.We based on remote sensing images processing.field geological surveying and remote sensing interpretation.We correctted some deficiency of the 1:200 000 geological mapping.Making the geological boundary.structure and fault more impersonality,nicety.Did the remote sensing Geological Map.Simultaneity,we extracted the alteration information.circled the farther prospecting targets,offered the farther orientation of the geologic prospecting.
引文
[1]陈昌礼.全面推广遥感技术,加速1:5万区域地质调查进程[J].国土资源遥感,1991.8(2):1-6
[2]朱亮璞主编.遥感地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1994
[3]John R.Jensen.Remote Sensing of the Environment-AnEarth Resource Perspective[M].Prentice Hall,Upper SaddleRiver,New.lersey,2000
[4]http://jmzx.edu.xm.fj.cn/main/126syb/wl/Article_Print.asp? ArticleID=100
[5]Nalbant S S,ptellin Q.The use of Landsat thematic mapper imagery for analysing lithology and structure of Ko-cu-Dugh are in Western Turkey[J].Int J Remote Sensing,1995,16(13):2357-2374
[6]Harris J.R.Rencz A N.Ballantyne B.et al.Mapping altered rocks using Landsat TM and lithogeochemical data.Sulphurets-Brucejack Lake District[J].British Columbia.Canada.Pho Eng Rem Sen,1998,64(4):309-322
[7]Chavez P S,Kwarteng A Y.Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat thematic mapper image using selective principle component analysis[J].Pho Eng Rem Sen.1989.55(3):339-348
[8]许宝文.遥感地质应用进展与发展方向[J].国土资源遥感,1994.20(2):1-4
[9]黄海.我国地学领域遥感应用新进展[J].国土资源遥感,1996.27(1):9-15
[10]刘刚,于学政.浅谈遥感技术在1:5万区调中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,1997.31(1)
[11]赵福岳,方洪宾,和正民等.遥感1:25万遥感地质填图方法和技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:PI
[12]http://www.rsgs.ac.cn/0_wozhanchanpinjiage.html#7
[1 3]章孝灿,黄智才,赵元洪等.遥感数字图像处理[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997:7-10
[14]孙家柄,舒宁,关泽群等.遥感原理、方法和应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,1997:3-29
[15]彭望绿.遥感数据的计算机处理与地理信息系统[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1991:P42-61
[16]李铁芳,冯均佖,苏民生.遥感图像数字处理原理与应用[M].昆明:云南科技出版社, 1987:58-70
[17]Kenneth.R.Castleman,朱志刚,林学闻,石定机等译.数字图像处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999:85-214
[18]张满郎.金矿蚀变信息提取中的主成份分析[J].遥感技术与应用,1996,11(3):1-5.
[19]李昌国,张玉君.试用主分量分析方法提取澜沧江兰坪地区铜矿化蚀遥感信息[J].国土资源遥感,1997,1:20-30.
[20]朱亮璞.遥感地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.1
[21]朱小鸽.多重主成分分析及在地质构造信息提取中的应用[J].遥感学报,2000,4(4):299-304
[22]丰茂森,遥感图像数字处理[M],北京:中国地质大学.1988:
[23]贾永红,李德仁,孙家柄.多元遥感影像数据融合[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(1):41-44
[24]Liu J G.Evaluation of Landsat-7ETM+ Panchromatic band for image fusion with Multispectral bands.Natural Resources Research,2000,9(4):269-276
[25]Gillespie A R,Kahle A B,W alker R E.Color Enhancement of Highly Correlated Images-Ⅱ:Channel ratio and "Chromaticity" Transformation Techniques[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1987.22(3):343-365.
[26]周成虎,骆剑承,杨晓梅等.遥感影像地学理解与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1999
[27]Li P J,Zhou Z W,Li J H et al.Structural framework and its formation of the Kalpin thrust belt,Tarim Basin,north-west China,from Landsat TM data[J].Int.J.Remote Sens,2003,24(18):3535-3546.
[28]李林.用SPOT数据IHS变换处理方法提取含金地质体信息[A].郭东华.遥感找矿方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[29]党安荣 王晓栋 陈晓峰等.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:108
[30]周军,高鹏,田勤虎等.新疆巴里坤ETM数据遥感地质填图的探索[J].国土资源遥感,2005,65(3):57-61
[31]赵福岳.1:25万遥感地质填图方法及应用[J].地质通报,2002,21(12)
[32]中华人民共和国行业标准《1:50000遥感区域地质填图规范》(征求意见稿)
[33]刘登终.试论影像地层单位[J].成都地质学院学报,1993,20(3):95-99
[34]陈延标,夏良正.数字图像处理[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1990
[35]阎积惠,康慧.陈怀亮等.TM图象地质应用原理与方法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.1975.76-82
[36]HubbardBE,CrowleyJK,ZimbelmanDR.Comparative alteration mineral mapping using visible to shortwave infrared(0.4-2.4(m) Hyperion,ALI,and ASTER imagery [J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and RemoteSensing,2003,41(6):1401-1410
[2]朱亮璞主编.遥感地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1994
[3]John R.Jensen.Remote Sensing of the Environment-AnEarth Resource Perspective[M].Prentice Hall,Upper SaddleRiver,New.lersey,2000
[4]http://jmzx.edu.xm.fj.cn/main/126syb/wl/Article_Print.asp? ArticleID=100
[5]Nalbant S S,ptellin Q.The use of Landsat thematic mapper imagery for analysing lithology and structure of Ko-cu-Dugh are in Western Turkey[J].Int J Remote Sensing,1995,16(13):2357-2374
[6]Harris J.R.Rencz A N.Ballantyne B.et al.Mapping altered rocks using Landsat TM and lithogeochemical data.Sulphurets-Brucejack Lake District[J].British Columbia.Canada.Pho Eng Rem Sen,1998,64(4):309-322
[7]Chavez P S,Kwarteng A Y.Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat thematic mapper image using selective principle component analysis[J].Pho Eng Rem Sen.1989.55(3):339-348
[8]许宝文.遥感地质应用进展与发展方向[J].国土资源遥感,1994.20(2):1-4
[9]黄海.我国地学领域遥感应用新进展[J].国土资源遥感,1996.27(1):9-15
[10]刘刚,于学政.浅谈遥感技术在1:5万区调中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,1997.31(1)
[11]赵福岳,方洪宾,和正民等.遥感1:25万遥感地质填图方法和技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:PI
[12]http://www.rsgs.ac.cn/0_wozhanchanpinjiage.html#7
[1 3]章孝灿,黄智才,赵元洪等.遥感数字图像处理[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997:7-10
[14]孙家柄,舒宁,关泽群等.遥感原理、方法和应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,1997:3-29
[15]彭望绿.遥感数据的计算机处理与地理信息系统[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1991:P42-61
[16]李铁芳,冯均佖,苏民生.遥感图像数字处理原理与应用[M].昆明:云南科技出版社, 1987:58-70
[17]Kenneth.R.Castleman,朱志刚,林学闻,石定机等译.数字图像处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999:85-214
[18]张满郎.金矿蚀变信息提取中的主成份分析[J].遥感技术与应用,1996,11(3):1-5.
[19]李昌国,张玉君.试用主分量分析方法提取澜沧江兰坪地区铜矿化蚀遥感信息[J].国土资源遥感,1997,1:20-30.
[20]朱亮璞.遥感地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.1
[21]朱小鸽.多重主成分分析及在地质构造信息提取中的应用[J].遥感学报,2000,4(4):299-304
[22]丰茂森,遥感图像数字处理[M],北京:中国地质大学.1988:
[23]贾永红,李德仁,孙家柄.多元遥感影像数据融合[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(1):41-44
[24]Liu J G.Evaluation of Landsat-7ETM+ Panchromatic band for image fusion with Multispectral bands.Natural Resources Research,2000,9(4):269-276
[25]Gillespie A R,Kahle A B,W alker R E.Color Enhancement of Highly Correlated Images-Ⅱ:Channel ratio and "Chromaticity" Transformation Techniques[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1987.22(3):343-365.
[26]周成虎,骆剑承,杨晓梅等.遥感影像地学理解与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1999
[27]Li P J,Zhou Z W,Li J H et al.Structural framework and its formation of the Kalpin thrust belt,Tarim Basin,north-west China,from Landsat TM data[J].Int.J.Remote Sens,2003,24(18):3535-3546.
[28]李林.用SPOT数据IHS变换处理方法提取含金地质体信息[A].郭东华.遥感找矿方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[29]党安荣 王晓栋 陈晓峰等.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:108
[30]周军,高鹏,田勤虎等.新疆巴里坤ETM数据遥感地质填图的探索[J].国土资源遥感,2005,65(3):57-61
[31]赵福岳.1:25万遥感地质填图方法及应用[J].地质通报,2002,21(12)
[32]中华人民共和国行业标准《1:50000遥感区域地质填图规范》(征求意见稿)
[33]刘登终.试论影像地层单位[J].成都地质学院学报,1993,20(3):95-99
[34]陈延标,夏良正.数字图像处理[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1990
[35]阎积惠,康慧.陈怀亮等.TM图象地质应用原理与方法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.1975.76-82
[36]HubbardBE,CrowleyJK,ZimbelmanDR.Comparative alteration mineral mapping using visible to shortwave infrared(0.4-2.4(m) Hyperion,ALI,and ASTER imagery [J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and RemoteSensing,2003,41(6):1401-1410