艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀研究
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摘要
在自然演化过程中,受人口、耕地、植被、入湖水量等因素变化的影响,艾比湖西北部产生了1500km2干涸湖底,是新疆沙暴和浮尘天气的物质来源。因此,通过对艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀机理加以分析和总结,对科学合理地防治土壤风蚀起到有益的参考作用。
本研究通过遥感影像解译分类,区划出艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀带和浮土带,并运用数字摄影测量技术获取艾比湖干涸湖底数字高程模型-DEM,分析艾比湖干涸湖底剖面,表述干涸湖底风蚀形态特征。建立水淹模型,推测艾比湖干涸湖底近50年的风蚀总量。根据艾比湖干涸湖底五个土壤剖面粒度特征变化,提取艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀物质运移规律。本研究最终获得如下结论:
1、探讨了风蚀带和浮土带的边界提取方法。长时期,受丰水期洼地储水的影响,风蚀带在遥感影像上往往表现出不同灰度和亮度。通过选取典型区域象元灰度值,能较准确、快速地提取风蚀带和浮土带边界。
2、通过数字摄影测量技术获取高精度DEM,经过精度检验,检验点误差标准差为0.0202m。结果表明数字摄影测量技术在艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀定量研究中具有可行性。
3、利用DEM数据,提取艾比湖干涸湖底主风向剖面、风蚀带垂直主风向剖面、浮土带垂直主风向剖面,得出艾比湖干涸湖底主风向风蚀现状形态特征、风蚀带垂直主风向风蚀现状形态特征、浮土带垂直主风向风蚀现状形态特征。
4、构建水淹模型,推测艾比湖干涸湖底近50年的风蚀总量,平均年风蚀量。并获得艾比湖干涸湖底不同风蚀深度的分布区域、面积及其在不同风蚀深度条件下的风蚀量。
5、通过分析五个土壤典型剖面粒度特征变化,提取艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀物质运移规律,并获得风蚀过程中土壤的损失量。
In the natural evolution process,influencing by population,arable land, vegetation and water volume entering Ebinur Lake,Ebinur lake brings about 1500 km2 dry lakebed in the northwest,where is the origin material of sandstorm and floating dust in Xinjiang.Therefore,analyzing and summarizing mechanism of wind erosion in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed will play a useful reference role to prevent and control the soil wind erosion scientifically and reasonable.
Through classification and interpretation of remote sensing image,this paper separate Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed as wind erosion area and quick soil area ,use photogrammetric technology to obtain DEM which is about Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed,analyze the profile of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed , express characteristics of wind erosion patterns about dry lakebed and establish flooding model to speculate amounts of wind erosion in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed in near 50 years. According to changes of granularity‘s characteristics about five typical soil profile, this paper extract migrating discipline about wind erosion material in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed. Conclusions are as follows:
1.This paper investigates extraction method of the boundary of wind erosion area and quick soil area.Influenceing by depression storage in high flow period,wind erosion area often show different gray scale and brightness in the remote sensing image.Choosing a typical gray value pixel in border area can extract the boundary of wind erosion area and quick soil area more accurately,rapidly.
2.By means of digital photogrammetry technology,this paper obtain high-precision DEM .After testing the accuracy, standard deviation of test-point error is 0.0202m. The result shows that digital photogrammetry technology is the feasibility in quantitative research which is about wind erosion in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed .
3.Using DEM data extracts the main wind direction’s profile in wind erosion area and vertical direction of the main wind direction in quick soil area of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed ,results tell status of morphological characteristics of the main wind direction in wind erosion area and status of morphological characteristics of vertical direction of the main wind direction in quick soil area of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed.
4.Establishing the flooding model extrapolates the total amount of wind erosion and the average annual amount of wind erosion of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed in the past 50 years.This paper also obtained distribution and area of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed and the amount of wind erosion of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed on the different depth wind erosion.
5.Through analyzing changes of particle size characteristics of the five soil typical profile,this paper extracts material migration discipline and soil loss in the process of wind erosion.
本研究通过遥感影像解译分类,区划出艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀带和浮土带,并运用数字摄影测量技术获取艾比湖干涸湖底数字高程模型-DEM,分析艾比湖干涸湖底剖面,表述干涸湖底风蚀形态特征。建立水淹模型,推测艾比湖干涸湖底近50年的风蚀总量。根据艾比湖干涸湖底五个土壤剖面粒度特征变化,提取艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀物质运移规律。本研究最终获得如下结论:
1、探讨了风蚀带和浮土带的边界提取方法。长时期,受丰水期洼地储水的影响,风蚀带在遥感影像上往往表现出不同灰度和亮度。通过选取典型区域象元灰度值,能较准确、快速地提取风蚀带和浮土带边界。
2、通过数字摄影测量技术获取高精度DEM,经过精度检验,检验点误差标准差为0.0202m。结果表明数字摄影测量技术在艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀定量研究中具有可行性。
3、利用DEM数据,提取艾比湖干涸湖底主风向剖面、风蚀带垂直主风向剖面、浮土带垂直主风向剖面,得出艾比湖干涸湖底主风向风蚀现状形态特征、风蚀带垂直主风向风蚀现状形态特征、浮土带垂直主风向风蚀现状形态特征。
4、构建水淹模型,推测艾比湖干涸湖底近50年的风蚀总量,平均年风蚀量。并获得艾比湖干涸湖底不同风蚀深度的分布区域、面积及其在不同风蚀深度条件下的风蚀量。
5、通过分析五个土壤典型剖面粒度特征变化,提取艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀物质运移规律,并获得风蚀过程中土壤的损失量。
In the natural evolution process,influencing by population,arable land, vegetation and water volume entering Ebinur Lake,Ebinur lake brings about 1500 km2 dry lakebed in the northwest,where is the origin material of sandstorm and floating dust in Xinjiang.Therefore,analyzing and summarizing mechanism of wind erosion in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed will play a useful reference role to prevent and control the soil wind erosion scientifically and reasonable.
Through classification and interpretation of remote sensing image,this paper separate Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed as wind erosion area and quick soil area ,use photogrammetric technology to obtain DEM which is about Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed,analyze the profile of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed , express characteristics of wind erosion patterns about dry lakebed and establish flooding model to speculate amounts of wind erosion in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed in near 50 years. According to changes of granularity‘s characteristics about five typical soil profile, this paper extract migrating discipline about wind erosion material in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed. Conclusions are as follows:
1.This paper investigates extraction method of the boundary of wind erosion area and quick soil area.Influenceing by depression storage in high flow period,wind erosion area often show different gray scale and brightness in the remote sensing image.Choosing a typical gray value pixel in border area can extract the boundary of wind erosion area and quick soil area more accurately,rapidly.
2.By means of digital photogrammetry technology,this paper obtain high-precision DEM .After testing the accuracy, standard deviation of test-point error is 0.0202m. The result shows that digital photogrammetry technology is the feasibility in quantitative research which is about wind erosion in Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed .
3.Using DEM data extracts the main wind direction’s profile in wind erosion area and vertical direction of the main wind direction in quick soil area of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed ,results tell status of morphological characteristics of the main wind direction in wind erosion area and status of morphological characteristics of vertical direction of the main wind direction in quick soil area of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed.
4.Establishing the flooding model extrapolates the total amount of wind erosion and the average annual amount of wind erosion of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed in the past 50 years.This paper also obtained distribution and area of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed and the amount of wind erosion of Ebinur lake’s dry lakebed on the different depth wind erosion.
5.Through analyzing changes of particle size characteristics of the five soil typical profile,this paper extracts material migration discipline and soil loss in the process of wind erosion.
引文
[1]吉力力·阿不都万里,穆桂金.艾比湖干涸湖底尘暴及其灾害分析[J].干旱区地理,2002,25(2):149-154.
[2]王力威,石晓燕,李国忠.对风蚀机理的分析与认识[J].水利科技与经济,1997,3(2):90-91.
[3]荆耀栋.艾比湖干涸湖底沙尘暴形成与运行机制研究[D].乌鲁木齐,新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,2007.
[4]张伟,梁远,汪春.土壤风蚀机理的研究[J].农机化研究,2006,(2):43-44.
[5]王力威,石晓燕,李国忠.对风蚀机理的分析与认识[J].水利科技与经济,1997,3(2):90-91.
[6]Bagnold,R.A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Sand Dunes[M]. NewYork: WilUam MorrowandCom,1943:256.
[7]woodruff,N.P.,Siddoway,F.H. AindErosion Equation.soil sci.Amer.Proc. 1965,29(5):602一608.
[8]张伟,梁远,汪春.土壤风蚀机理的研究.农机化研究,2006,(2):43-44.
[9]赵沛义,妥德宝,郑大玮等.野外土壤风蚀定量观测方法的研究.安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12810-12812.
[10]Mu Guijin,Yan Shun,Jilil Abuduwai,etal.Wind erosion at the dry-up bottom of Aiby Lake—A case study on the sourceof air dust[J].中国科学(D辑),2002, 45: 157-164
[11]杨青,何清,李红军等.艾比湖流域沙尘气候变化趋势及其突变研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(5):503-508.
[12]吉力力·阿不都万里,穆桂金.艾比湖干涸湖底尘暴及其灾害分析[J].干旱区地理,2002,25(2):149-154.
[13]吉力力·阿不都外力,刘东伟,徐俊荣.艾比湖干涸湖底不同地表类型风蚀强度及粉尘输移通量的风洞试验研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):63-67.
[14]包安明,穆桂金,章毅.控制艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀的合理水面估算与效果监测[J].科学通报,2006,51(增刊):56-60.
[15]陈蜀江等.新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区综合科学考察[M].乌鲁木齐,新疆科技出版社,2006,4-8,9-10,4-8,11-18.
[16]吴敬禄,林琳,新疆艾比湖湖面波动特征及其原因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):57-58.
[17]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京,科学出版社,2003,77-75
[18]冯娟.基于“3S”技术的和田河流域植被空间格局研究[D].乌鲁木齐,新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,2008.
[19]党安荣,王晓栋等.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2003:174-184.
[20]梅安新等.遥感导论[M].北京,高等教育出版社,2002:84-91,112-123.
[21]党安荣,王晓栋等.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2003:85-90,100-113,319-323.
[22]严丽娟,冯德俊,李永树.基于目标灰度的土地利用变化信息边界提取[J].地理空间信息,2006,4(2):18-21.
[23]MALLAT S,ZHONG S.Characterization of signals from multiscale edges[J].IEEE Trans on PAMI,1992,14(7):710—732.
[24]章毓晋.图象分割.科学出版社[M],2001:1—182.
[25]张根寿.现代地貌学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:6-7.
[26]钟秋林.基于DEM的地形地貌生成技术研究与实现[D].南京,南京理工大学,2005:13-14,16-17.
[27]石玉华,康贵祥,白建荣,基于ERDAS的三维地形景观图制作-以甘肃省敦煌市鸣沙山地形为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2004,19(5):411-414.
[28]张瑞军,杨武年,刘汉湖,曾涛.数字高程模型(DEM)的构建及其应用[J].工程勘察,2005,5:62-64.
[29]李海涛,田庆久.ASTER数据产品的特性及其计划介绍[J].遥感信息2004:53-47.
[30]CHENG Xiao, ZHANG Yan-me,i E Dong-chen,et al.Digital Elevation Model Construction Using ASTER Stereo VNIR Scene in Antarctic In-land Ice Sheet[A]. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003. IGARSS '03. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE International[C]. [s. .l ]:[s. n. ], 2003.
[31] LILLESAND TM,KIEFER R W,彭望琭等.遥感与图像解译[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.
[32] LeicaGeosystems,Leica Photogrammetry Suite,OrthoBASE& OrthoBASE Pro.User’sGuide[Z]. [s. .l ]:Leica GeosystemsGIS&Mapping LLC, 2003
[33]沈强,鄂栋臣,周春霞.ASTER卫星影像自动生成南极格罗夫山地区相对DEM及精度分析[J].测绘通报,2008,(1):22-25.
[34]惠凤鸣,田庆久,李应成. Aster数据的DEM生产及精度评价[J].应用技术,2004,(1):14-18.
[35]王腊春,谢顺平.太湖流域洪涝灾害淹没范围模拟[J].地理学报,2000, 55(1):47-54.
[36]Argaman E, Singer A, Tsoar H. Erodibility of some crustforming soils sediments from the Southern Aral Sea Basin asdetermined in a wind tunnel[J]. Earth Surf Processes and Landforms,2006,31:47-63
[37]Wu Zheng.Geomorphology of wind-drift sands and their controlengineering〔M〕Beijing: Science Press, 2003:372-376.
[2]王力威,石晓燕,李国忠.对风蚀机理的分析与认识[J].水利科技与经济,1997,3(2):90-91.
[3]荆耀栋.艾比湖干涸湖底沙尘暴形成与运行机制研究[D].乌鲁木齐,新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,2007.
[4]张伟,梁远,汪春.土壤风蚀机理的研究[J].农机化研究,2006,(2):43-44.
[5]王力威,石晓燕,李国忠.对风蚀机理的分析与认识[J].水利科技与经济,1997,3(2):90-91.
[6]Bagnold,R.A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Sand Dunes[M]. NewYork: WilUam MorrowandCom,1943:256.
[7]woodruff,N.P.,Siddoway,F.H. AindErosion Equation.soil sci.Amer.Proc. 1965,29(5):602一608.
[8]张伟,梁远,汪春.土壤风蚀机理的研究.农机化研究,2006,(2):43-44.
[9]赵沛义,妥德宝,郑大玮等.野外土壤风蚀定量观测方法的研究.安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12810-12812.
[10]Mu Guijin,Yan Shun,Jilil Abuduwai,etal.Wind erosion at the dry-up bottom of Aiby Lake—A case study on the sourceof air dust[J].中国科学(D辑),2002, 45: 157-164
[11]杨青,何清,李红军等.艾比湖流域沙尘气候变化趋势及其突变研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(5):503-508.
[12]吉力力·阿不都万里,穆桂金.艾比湖干涸湖底尘暴及其灾害分析[J].干旱区地理,2002,25(2):149-154.
[13]吉力力·阿不都外力,刘东伟,徐俊荣.艾比湖干涸湖底不同地表类型风蚀强度及粉尘输移通量的风洞试验研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):63-67.
[14]包安明,穆桂金,章毅.控制艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀的合理水面估算与效果监测[J].科学通报,2006,51(增刊):56-60.
[15]陈蜀江等.新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区综合科学考察[M].乌鲁木齐,新疆科技出版社,2006,4-8,9-10,4-8,11-18.
[16]吴敬禄,林琳,新疆艾比湖湖面波动特征及其原因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):57-58.
[17]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京,科学出版社,2003,77-75
[18]冯娟.基于“3S”技术的和田河流域植被空间格局研究[D].乌鲁木齐,新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,2008.
[19]党安荣,王晓栋等.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2003:174-184.
[20]梅安新等.遥感导论[M].北京,高等教育出版社,2002:84-91,112-123.
[21]党安荣,王晓栋等.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2003:85-90,100-113,319-323.
[22]严丽娟,冯德俊,李永树.基于目标灰度的土地利用变化信息边界提取[J].地理空间信息,2006,4(2):18-21.
[23]MALLAT S,ZHONG S.Characterization of signals from multiscale edges[J].IEEE Trans on PAMI,1992,14(7):710—732.
[24]章毓晋.图象分割.科学出版社[M],2001:1—182.
[25]张根寿.现代地貌学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:6-7.
[26]钟秋林.基于DEM的地形地貌生成技术研究与实现[D].南京,南京理工大学,2005:13-14,16-17.
[27]石玉华,康贵祥,白建荣,基于ERDAS的三维地形景观图制作-以甘肃省敦煌市鸣沙山地形为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2004,19(5):411-414.
[28]张瑞军,杨武年,刘汉湖,曾涛.数字高程模型(DEM)的构建及其应用[J].工程勘察,2005,5:62-64.
[29]李海涛,田庆久.ASTER数据产品的特性及其计划介绍[J].遥感信息2004:53-47.
[30]CHENG Xiao, ZHANG Yan-me,i E Dong-chen,et al.Digital Elevation Model Construction Using ASTER Stereo VNIR Scene in Antarctic In-land Ice Sheet[A]. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003. IGARSS '03. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE International[C]. [s. .l ]:[s. n. ], 2003.
[31] LILLESAND TM,KIEFER R W,彭望琭等.遥感与图像解译[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.
[32] LeicaGeosystems,Leica Photogrammetry Suite,OrthoBASE& OrthoBASE Pro.User’sGuide[Z]. [s. .l ]:Leica GeosystemsGIS&Mapping LLC, 2003
[33]沈强,鄂栋臣,周春霞.ASTER卫星影像自动生成南极格罗夫山地区相对DEM及精度分析[J].测绘通报,2008,(1):22-25.
[34]惠凤鸣,田庆久,李应成. Aster数据的DEM生产及精度评价[J].应用技术,2004,(1):14-18.
[35]王腊春,谢顺平.太湖流域洪涝灾害淹没范围模拟[J].地理学报,2000, 55(1):47-54.
[36]Argaman E, Singer A, Tsoar H. Erodibility of some crustforming soils sediments from the Southern Aral Sea Basin asdetermined in a wind tunnel[J]. Earth Surf Processes and Landforms,2006,31:47-63
[37]Wu Zheng.Geomorphology of wind-drift sands and their controlengineering〔M〕Beijing: Science Press, 2003:372-376.
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