基于FIDIC施工合同条件的工程索赔研究
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摘要
长期以来,由于受计划经济体制的约束,法律观念和合同意识淡薄,我国工程界没有严格意义上的工程索赔。随着我国改革开放,特别是加入WTO以后,大量外资项目和世界银行等贷款项目的建设、对外工程承包业务的发展以及经济建设法律、法规的不断完善,工程索赔逐渐被国内的业主、工程师和承包商所认识和重视。但总体而言,工程索赔及其管理还是我国工程建设管理中一个相对薄弱坏节,索赔意识薄弱,对索赔及索赔管理的重要性没有足够的认识和重视。因此,企业还需要在实践中不断强化合同意识、索赔意识,增强自我保护能力,以适应经济发展的需要。同时,对工程索赔的理论研究还落后于工程实践的步伐,不能满足工程实际的需要,没有形成较为成熟的索赔管理理论体系和方法体系,对工程实践缺乏有效的指导作用~([1])。
本文以当前工程承包业发展的客观事实为分析背景,研究在新版FIDIC施工索赔条件和新的环境下,如何使承包商索赔系统化、合理化、科学化,提高索赔管理水平,以实现经济效益最大化。首先,对新版FIDIC施工合同条件进行详细解读和分析,紧接着又分析了FIDIC施工合同条件下,承包商索赔的发生、分类、依据及处理程序,为承包商进行索赔管理做好了理论准备。其次,对工期索赔尤其是多事件交叉干扰下的工期索赔进行了深入分析,并且对工期索赔的分析程序及计算方法进行归纳总结,指出其难点所在。再次,提出利用模糊网络计划技术来处理工期索赔,并建立了模糊网络模型,以更符合工程实际的离散的模糊数来表示工序持续时间,减少了索赔计算过程中的叠加效应和发散效应。最后,结合相关实例进行实证分析,从而验证模型的实际可操作性,为承包商工期索赔提供了依据,提高了索赔实现的可能性。
Since long, as a result of restraint of the planned economy system, the weakening in the understanding of law and the consciousness of contract, our country engineering doesn't have project claim in the strict significance. After reform and opening up, specially Our entry into the WTO, many foreign invested projects and so on World Bank financed Projects, the development of foreign project contracting as well as unceasing development of laws and regulations on economic construction, the project claim gradually knows and takes seriously by the domestic owner, engineer and the contractor. But overall, the project claim and its management is also a weak role in engineering construction management relatively in our country, claim consciousness are weak, don't have enough understanding and takes seriously to the importance of claim management. So enterprises will also need to strengthen the contract consciousness, claim consciousness unceasingly in practice, to enhance ability of protecting oneself, to meet the requirements of the economic development. At the same time, the project claim's fundamental research also falls behind to the practice step, cannot meet the demands of practical engineering, has not formed mature theory system and the method system on claim management, lacks the effective instruction to the project practice.
This article takes the development of current project contractor industry as the analysis background, studies how to cause the contractor's claims to be systematic, reasonable, scientific under updated FIDIC contract for construction and the new environment, raises the level of claim management , realizes the economic benefit maximization. First, give the detailed explanation and analysis to the update FIDIC contract construction, then analyze, the occurrence, the classification, basis and disposal procedure of the contractor's claims under the FIDIC, prepare for theory for the contractor's claims management. Next, has carried on the thorough analysis to the time claim, particularly claims of multi-event delay, and summed up the time claim's analysis program and the computational method, pointed out that where its difficulty is. Once more, proposed using fuzzy network planning to process time claim and has established the fuzzy network model, using separate fuzzy number to express the run duration which conforms to the project practice closely, to reduce superimposed effect and the radiation effect in the claim computational process. Finally, carries on the empirical analysis with correlation example, thus the confirmation model's actual feasibility, has provided the basis for the contractor time claim, increased the possibility for the claims' realization.
本文以当前工程承包业发展的客观事实为分析背景,研究在新版FIDIC施工索赔条件和新的环境下,如何使承包商索赔系统化、合理化、科学化,提高索赔管理水平,以实现经济效益最大化。首先,对新版FIDIC施工合同条件进行详细解读和分析,紧接着又分析了FIDIC施工合同条件下,承包商索赔的发生、分类、依据及处理程序,为承包商进行索赔管理做好了理论准备。其次,对工期索赔尤其是多事件交叉干扰下的工期索赔进行了深入分析,并且对工期索赔的分析程序及计算方法进行归纳总结,指出其难点所在。再次,提出利用模糊网络计划技术来处理工期索赔,并建立了模糊网络模型,以更符合工程实际的离散的模糊数来表示工序持续时间,减少了索赔计算过程中的叠加效应和发散效应。最后,结合相关实例进行实证分析,从而验证模型的实际可操作性,为承包商工期索赔提供了依据,提高了索赔实现的可能性。
Since long, as a result of restraint of the planned economy system, the weakening in the understanding of law and the consciousness of contract, our country engineering doesn't have project claim in the strict significance. After reform and opening up, specially Our entry into the WTO, many foreign invested projects and so on World Bank financed Projects, the development of foreign project contracting as well as unceasing development of laws and regulations on economic construction, the project claim gradually knows and takes seriously by the domestic owner, engineer and the contractor. But overall, the project claim and its management is also a weak role in engineering construction management relatively in our country, claim consciousness are weak, don't have enough understanding and takes seriously to the importance of claim management. So enterprises will also need to strengthen the contract consciousness, claim consciousness unceasingly in practice, to enhance ability of protecting oneself, to meet the requirements of the economic development. At the same time, the project claim's fundamental research also falls behind to the practice step, cannot meet the demands of practical engineering, has not formed mature theory system and the method system on claim management, lacks the effective instruction to the project practice.
This article takes the development of current project contractor industry as the analysis background, studies how to cause the contractor's claims to be systematic, reasonable, scientific under updated FIDIC contract for construction and the new environment, raises the level of claim management , realizes the economic benefit maximization. First, give the detailed explanation and analysis to the update FIDIC contract construction, then analyze, the occurrence, the classification, basis and disposal procedure of the contractor's claims under the FIDIC, prepare for theory for the contractor's claims management. Next, has carried on the thorough analysis to the time claim, particularly claims of multi-event delay, and summed up the time claim's analysis program and the computational method, pointed out that where its difficulty is. Once more, proposed using fuzzy network planning to process time claim and has established the fuzzy network model, using separate fuzzy number to express the run duration which conforms to the project practice closely, to reduce superimposed effect and the radiation effect in the claim computational process. Finally, carries on the empirical analysis with correlation example, thus the confirmation model's actual feasibility, has provided the basis for the contractor time claim, increased the possibility for the claims' realization.
引文
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[2]侯化坤.国际工程合同管理与索赔:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.
[3]秦振兴,黄新高,闫卫军.工程项目管理中的工程索赔管理.建筑技术开发,2004,31(9):163-164.
[4]张洪清.F I D I C施工合同条件下王程师索赔管理研究:(硕上学位论文).北京:华北电力大学,2002.
[5]王强.小浪底国际标合同管理及变更索赔处理研究:(硕士学位论文).南京:河海大学,2007.
[6]Thomas E.Miller and Rachel M.Miller,Handing construction defect claims:western states,3~(rd) Ed,Gaithersburg,MD:Aspen Law &Business,1999:6-19.
[7]Osama Y.Abudayyeh,A multimedia construction delays management system[J],Microcomputers in Civil Engineering,1997,12:183-192.
[8]张丽霞.建筑工程项目承包商索赔研究:(博士学位论文).南京:河海大学,2006.
[9]李晓龙.大型机电工程项目索赔研究:(博士学位论文).成都:西南交通大学,2003.
[10]Semple.C.FT.Hartman.and G.Jorgeas."Construction Claims and Disputes:Causes and cost/Time Overruns." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.vol.120.NO.4(December 1994)pp.785-795.
[11]任红梅.国际工程施王索赔识别研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[12]Jonathan Jingsheng Shi,S.O.Cheung,Dabid Arditi,Construction delay computation method,Journal of construction Engineering and Management,2001,127(1):60-65.
[13]黄莺.工程项目索赔及索赔风险:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[14]郭耀煌,王亚平著.工程索赔研究.北京:中国铁道出版社,1999.
[15]田威.FIDIC合同条件应用实务.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[16]赛云秀、文艳芳、高宗棋 工期索赔值计算的动态分析法[J]西安科技学院学报2002,22(4):396-398.
[17]毛义华.网络优化技术在工程索赔管理中的应用.浙江大学学报,2000 24(4):453-548.
[18]姚小刚,凌传荣.多因素影响下工期索赔的复杂性.同济大学学报,2001,29(3):102-110.
[19]鹿中山,杨树萍.三因素共同作用下的工期索赔.合肥工业大学学报,2004,27(8):204-209.
[20]李建设、吕胜普编著 土木工程索赔与实例.北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
[21]王兆俊.国际建筑工程项目索赔案例详解.北京:海洋出版社,2007.
[22]秦宇.FIDIC合同条件下承包商索赔问题研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:对外经贸大学,2006.
[23]刘宏伟.FIDIC合同条件下承包庙索赔研究:(硕士学位论文).苏州:苏州大学,2006.
[24]何伯森,张水波.1999年版FIDIC施工合同条件下的承包商索赔.国际经济合作,2000,(05):503-108.
[25]李建设.FIDIC合同条件下的工期及费用索赔研究:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津理工大学,20060.
[26]宋艳菊.FIDIC合同条件下承包商索赔法律问题研究:(硕士学位论文).郑州:郑州大学,2006.
[27]Construction claims:Prevention and solution(Third Edition).A.Robin,Virginia Fair-weather,Sammie.D.Guy.JOHN WILEY &SONS,INC,1999.
[28]张小建.基于过程控制的建筑施工索赔研究:(博士学位论文),浙江:浙江大学,2004.
[29]陈玉.国际工程索赔分析及其在小浪底王程中的应用:(硕士学位论文).南京:河海大学,2006.
[30]Seppala CR.FIDIC's New Standard Forms of construction contract:an Introduction.Elsevier Science Publishers Company.INC.1998.
[31]国际咨询工程师联合会.Conditions of contract for construction.北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[32]M.Asem U.Abdul-Malak,A.M.ASCE;Mustafa M.H.El-Saadi;and Marwan G.Abou-Zeid,Process Model for Administrating Construction Claims,Journal of Management in Engineering,2002,18(2):84-95.
[33]李启明,朱树英,黄文杰.工程建设合同与索赔管理,北京:北京科学出版社,2001.
[34]孙忠良.总承包王程基于“99FIDIC合同条件”的施工管理与索赔研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[35]刘海峰.大型工程项目风险评价及管理研究:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津大学,2003.
[36]杨德钦.多事件干扰下工期延误索赔原则研究.土木工程学报,2003,36(3):37-45.
[37]王立东.从总承包商角度对工程索赔原因的分析与方法研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[38]成虎.建筑工程合同管理实用大全.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[39]段福财.国际工程施工索赔研究:(硕士学位论文).成都:西南交通大学,2004.
[40]Vincent Powell-Smith,Douglas Stephenson,Civil Engineering Claims,Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1994:28-30.
[41]黄如宝 关于工期索赔若干问题的探讨.建筑技术,2000,30(7),490-493.
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