轨道移频信号检测技术的研究
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摘要
随着工业的发展,对工业数据通信技术的要求也越来越高,不仅体现在信号传输上,同时也体现在信号检测技术上。在铁路通信领域,随着列车的数次提速,移频轨道信号在行车安全保障方面和故障分析方面的作用显得更加重要。如何精确、快速地检测移频机车信号成为一个重要的课题。
本文就是从信号着手,从时域和频域两个方面对两种移频轨道信号进行了详细的分析研究,着重分析了信号的频谱特性。18信息轨道信号频谱具有双峰,双峰频率平均值就是信号的载频,而UM71频谱单峰,峰值频率即为信号的载频。针对移频轨道信号能量集中且低频信息频率低的情况,采用ZOOM-FFT法进行信号局部放大的方法,以提高信号的频率分辨率。
同时,小波分析成为现代信号处理中的一种实用的工具,它可以同时进行时域和频域分析,通过提取系统的有用信号,抑制噪声信号,有效地提高系统的信噪比,实现噪声背景下信号的检测。本文利用小波变换可以识别突变信号的特点提出了利用小波脊提取瞬时频率的想法,并给出了提取信号瞬时频率的迭代算法,根据所得到的瞬时频率推算出相应的调制低频信息,为国产移频和UM71的分析和译码提供了新的方法。最后对ZOOM-FFT方法和小波脊提取的方法分别进行了MATLAB仿真,实验数据证明小波脊算法的更准确有效。
最后,本文以TMS320VC5402为核心对轨道移频信号检测系统进行了软硬件的初步设计。由于时间有限,本文只进行了理论设计,在今后的工作实践中继续完善。
With the development of the industry ,the requirement of industrial data transmission become stricter, both in the signal transmission and inspection technology, After speedup of the train, the frequency-shift track circuits signal plays more important role in the train's safe running insurance as well as malfunction analysis. How to inspect the signal accurately in real time is a question for discussion.
The paper analyzes the frequency-shift track circuits signal in frequency spectrum and in time field, emphasizes its spectrum characteristic.As to the carrier frequency, the spectrum of the 18-information auto-blocking track signal has two peaks, then the carrier frequency is the average of the two peak frequency, to UM-71 jointless signal, it has only one peak then the carrier frequency is the peak frequency. Since the frequency of the modulation signal is low, and it must have high resolution, we use ZFFT to detect it.
Wavelet transformation is a new tool, which can be applied to Time-domain analysis and Frequency-domain Analysis simultaneously. The operation procedure of Wavelet transformation is as follows: drawing out the useful signal, restraining noise signal, improving signal-to-noise ratio of the system, signal detection is achieved in the noise background. In this paper, using the characteristic of wave-transform to recognize the abrupt signals, we put forward an idea of wavelet-transform-curve . we also bring forward an iterative algorithm of extracting wavelet-ridge-curve.And use it to extract the instantaneous-frequency of frequency shift signal .Based on the calculated instantaneous frequency, the modulating low frequency can be imputed accordingly, thus provding a new scheme for analyzing and decoding the railway dedicated frequency shift signal and UM71 signal. At last, we compared with ZFFT and wavelet-transform-curve two ways ,also we do the MATLAB simulation.And the result shows that the wavelet-transform-curve are accurate and effective.
At last,we give the parameter detecting system based on TMS320VC5402.For the reason that the time are finite,the article only do the theory designs.I will do more effort in the future.
本文就是从信号着手,从时域和频域两个方面对两种移频轨道信号进行了详细的分析研究,着重分析了信号的频谱特性。18信息轨道信号频谱具有双峰,双峰频率平均值就是信号的载频,而UM71频谱单峰,峰值频率即为信号的载频。针对移频轨道信号能量集中且低频信息频率低的情况,采用ZOOM-FFT法进行信号局部放大的方法,以提高信号的频率分辨率。
同时,小波分析成为现代信号处理中的一种实用的工具,它可以同时进行时域和频域分析,通过提取系统的有用信号,抑制噪声信号,有效地提高系统的信噪比,实现噪声背景下信号的检测。本文利用小波变换可以识别突变信号的特点提出了利用小波脊提取瞬时频率的想法,并给出了提取信号瞬时频率的迭代算法,根据所得到的瞬时频率推算出相应的调制低频信息,为国产移频和UM71的分析和译码提供了新的方法。最后对ZOOM-FFT方法和小波脊提取的方法分别进行了MATLAB仿真,实验数据证明小波脊算法的更准确有效。
最后,本文以TMS320VC5402为核心对轨道移频信号检测系统进行了软硬件的初步设计。由于时间有限,本文只进行了理论设计,在今后的工作实践中继续完善。
With the development of the industry ,the requirement of industrial data transmission become stricter, both in the signal transmission and inspection technology, After speedup of the train, the frequency-shift track circuits signal plays more important role in the train's safe running insurance as well as malfunction analysis. How to inspect the signal accurately in real time is a question for discussion.
The paper analyzes the frequency-shift track circuits signal in frequency spectrum and in time field, emphasizes its spectrum characteristic.As to the carrier frequency, the spectrum of the 18-information auto-blocking track signal has two peaks, then the carrier frequency is the average of the two peak frequency, to UM-71 jointless signal, it has only one peak then the carrier frequency is the peak frequency. Since the frequency of the modulation signal is low, and it must have high resolution, we use ZFFT to detect it.
Wavelet transformation is a new tool, which can be applied to Time-domain analysis and Frequency-domain Analysis simultaneously. The operation procedure of Wavelet transformation is as follows: drawing out the useful signal, restraining noise signal, improving signal-to-noise ratio of the system, signal detection is achieved in the noise background. In this paper, using the characteristic of wave-transform to recognize the abrupt signals, we put forward an idea of wavelet-transform-curve . we also bring forward an iterative algorithm of extracting wavelet-ridge-curve.And use it to extract the instantaneous-frequency of frequency shift signal .Based on the calculated instantaneous frequency, the modulating low frequency can be imputed accordingly, thus provding a new scheme for analyzing and decoding the railway dedicated frequency shift signal and UM71 signal. At last, we compared with ZFFT and wavelet-transform-curve two ways ,also we do the MATLAB simulation.And the result shows that the wavelet-transform-curve are accurate and effective.
At last,we give the parameter detecting system based on TMS320VC5402.For the reason that the time are finite,the article only do the theory designs.I will do more effort in the future.
引文
[1]杨志刚.LKJ2000型列车运行监控记录装置.北京:中国铁道出版社.2003.
[2]A Method for Testing Frequency Shift Key Track Circuit[A].Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement(Volume 8)[C],2005.
[3]Research on the method of applying time-frequency analysis to high-precision and fast detection of railway FSK signal[A].Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement(Volume 6)[C],2005.
[4]M.Miyaji.Improvement of Transponder for High-Speed Train Operations.Railway &Electrical Engineering,1990,1(6):12-17
[5]T.Sasaki,T.Wakabayashi.Development of A New Electronic Blocking System.Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute,1989,30(4):198-201
[6]安全准备事业部.监控装备故障检修案例.2005.(内部资料)
[7]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版).西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,200 1:28-49.
[8]路后兵,姜秋喜,毕大平,董晖.小波分析包络提取及在DSP上的实现[J].电子对抗,2003,(06).
[9]张晓冬.基于脊提取的信号表示和重建[D].东南大学2003.5
[10]何祖涛.数字信号处理器在移频信号解调中的应用.铁道通信信号,2001,37(6):12-13
[11]赵东亮,卜长.采用数字调制解调实现的无绝缘轨道电路.北方交通大学学报,1997,21(5):506-509
[12]李惠光,蔡满军.超高频周期信号的欠采样检测原理研究.传感技术学报,2001,1(04):6-9
[13]张少平.UM-71型无绝缘轨道电路的调试与开通.铁道通信信号,1994,30(7):15-16
[14]徐建元,张延文,史文峰.UM-71轨道电路电气特性测试分析方法.铁道通信信号,1994,35(4):14-16
[15]费锡康.无绝缘轨道电路原理与分析.中国铁道出版社,1993:96-112
[16]冯小平.FSK信号数字解调方法的研究.西安电子科技大学学报,2001,28(3):41-404
[17]高怀钢,王华.一种分析频谱局部特性的快速算法.火控雷达技术,1999,28(3):14-17
[18]程明景.UM-71轨道电路在中国的应用及改进.甘肃科技,2003,19(6):22-24
[19]邢晓异,仲新莉信号检测的高分辨率实现方法,华东交通大学学报,2000,2,(17):47-51
[20]张少平.UM-71型无绝缘轨道电路的调试与开通.铁道通信信号,1994,30(7):15-16
[21]徐建元,张延文,史文峰.UM-71轨道电路电气特性测试分析方法.铁道通信信号,1994,35(4):14-16
[22]张权,李永晨,雷震东.FMCW雷达信号的欠采样技术.军事微波技术第一届全国学术会议论文集,北京,1996,12:38-41
[23]陈国通.数字通信原理.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996:70-73
[24]R.L.Mitchill.Creating Complex Signal Samples from a Band-limited Real Signal.IEEE Trans.on Communication,2005,25(3):24-30
[25]吴远斌,李景文.直接中频采样及数字相干检测的研究.电子学报,2005,22(10):105-107
[26]曾涛,龙腾,王宏波.一种准连续波雷达中频采样的新方法.现代雷达,2005,21(2):94-98
[27]胡昌华,李国华,刘涛,周志杰.基于matlab 6.x的系统分析与设计-小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.1.
[28]Mallat(法)著,杨力华.信号处理的小波导引[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002.9.
[29]王兵,弈旭明.一种提取小波脊线的迭代算法[J].武汉:数学杂志;2004.3.
[30]陈章位,潘宏,路甬祥.渐进信号瞬态频率的提取[J].振动工程学报,1997.12
[31]孙艳朋,贾利民,范明.小波包方法在车载FSK信号中的应用[J].铁道学报,2001,(02).
[32]魏学业,汪希时,丁正庭.移频轨道电路测试系统的设计[J].铁道学报,1996.(05).
[33]N.Delprat,etc"Asymptotic wavelet and Gabor analysis:extraction of instantaneous frequencies" IEEE Trans.on Information Theory,1992,38(2)
[34]K.C.Ho,W.Prokopiw,Y.T.Chan,"Modulation identification of digital signals by the wavelet transform",IEE Proc.-Radar,Sonar Naving.,Vol.147,No.4,August 2000
[35]Weiss L G,"Wavelets and wideband correlation processing",IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,1994,11(1)
[36]Chan,Y.Y.,Plews,J.W.,K.c.,"Symbol rate estimation by the wavelet transform",Proceedings of IEEE ISCAS'97,Hong Kong,1997,pp.177-181
[37]Caseu S D,Sadler B M,"Modifications of the Euclidean Algorithm for Isolating Periodicities from a Sparse Set of Noisy Measurements",IEEE Trans.on Signal Proecssing,1996,38(2)
[38]Salari.E,Siy.P,The ridge-seeking method for obtaining the skeleton of digital image,IEEE Trans.on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1984,SMC-14(3):524-28.
[39]Tchamitchian P,Torresani B,Ridge and skeleton extraction from the wavelet transform,Wavelets and Applications,Ruskai,1992:123-151.
[40]Ph Guillemain,R.Kronland-Martinet,B.Martens,Estimation of spectral lines with the help of the wavelet transform.Applications in NMR spectroscopy,Wavelets and Applications,Masson Springer-Verlag 1991,38-60.
[41]S.Maes,The wavelet tansform in signal processing with application to the extraction of the speech modulation model features,Universite Catholique De Louvain,Ph.D.,1994.
[42]Saracco G.,Guillemain P.Kronland-Martinet,Characterization of elastic shells by the use of the wavelet transform,IEEE Ultrasonics symposium,1990:881-885.
[43]A.V.奥本海姆,R.W.谢弗,J.R.巴克.离散时间信号处理.西安交通大学出版社,2001:319-420
[44]路后兵,姜秋喜,毕大平,董晖.小波分析包络提取及在DSP上的实现[J].电子对抗,2003,(06).
[45]Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5402 Fixed-point Digital Signal Processor,Texas Instruments,2000:1-67
[46]Chen H L.Construction of Orthonormal Wavelet Basis in Periodic Case.Chinese Science Bulletin,1996,41(7):17-23
[47]James.s.Walker.A Primer on WAVELETS and Their Scientific Applications.CHAPMAN&HALL/CRC,1999:1-50
[48]Donoho D.L.De-noising by soft-thresholding.IEEE Trans.Inform Theory,1995,41(5):613-627
[49]彭启琮.TMS320C54X实用教程.电子科技大学出版社,2000:10-69
[50]汪安民.TMS320C54XXDSP实用技术.清华大学出版社,2002:1-3
[51]胡广书.数字信号处理理论算法与实现.第二版.清华大学出版社,2003:327-350.
[52]夏秀渝.基于TMS320C54X DSK平台的Zoom-FFT的快速实现.电测与仪表,2002,39(435):30-32
[53]E.A.Hoper.the Zoom FFT Using Complex Modulation.IEEE Int Conf ASSP,1977:78-81
[54]C.Y.Yip.Some Aspects of the Zoom Transform.IEEE Trans on Computers,1976,C-25(3):287-296
[2]A Method for Testing Frequency Shift Key Track Circuit[A].Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement(Volume 8)[C],2005.
[3]Research on the method of applying time-frequency analysis to high-precision and fast detection of railway FSK signal[A].Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement(Volume 6)[C],2005.
[4]M.Miyaji.Improvement of Transponder for High-Speed Train Operations.Railway &Electrical Engineering,1990,1(6):12-17
[5]T.Sasaki,T.Wakabayashi.Development of A New Electronic Blocking System.Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute,1989,30(4):198-201
[6]安全准备事业部.监控装备故障检修案例.2005.(内部资料)
[7]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版).西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,200 1:28-49.
[8]路后兵,姜秋喜,毕大平,董晖.小波分析包络提取及在DSP上的实现[J].电子对抗,2003,(06).
[9]张晓冬.基于脊提取的信号表示和重建[D].东南大学2003.5
[10]何祖涛.数字信号处理器在移频信号解调中的应用.铁道通信信号,2001,37(6):12-13
[11]赵东亮,卜长.采用数字调制解调实现的无绝缘轨道电路.北方交通大学学报,1997,21(5):506-509
[12]李惠光,蔡满军.超高频周期信号的欠采样检测原理研究.传感技术学报,2001,1(04):6-9
[13]张少平.UM-71型无绝缘轨道电路的调试与开通.铁道通信信号,1994,30(7):15-16
[14]徐建元,张延文,史文峰.UM-71轨道电路电气特性测试分析方法.铁道通信信号,1994,35(4):14-16
[15]费锡康.无绝缘轨道电路原理与分析.中国铁道出版社,1993:96-112
[16]冯小平.FSK信号数字解调方法的研究.西安电子科技大学学报,2001,28(3):41-404
[17]高怀钢,王华.一种分析频谱局部特性的快速算法.火控雷达技术,1999,28(3):14-17
[18]程明景.UM-71轨道电路在中国的应用及改进.甘肃科技,2003,19(6):22-24
[19]邢晓异,仲新莉信号检测的高分辨率实现方法,华东交通大学学报,2000,2,(17):47-51
[20]张少平.UM-71型无绝缘轨道电路的调试与开通.铁道通信信号,1994,30(7):15-16
[21]徐建元,张延文,史文峰.UM-71轨道电路电气特性测试分析方法.铁道通信信号,1994,35(4):14-16
[22]张权,李永晨,雷震东.FMCW雷达信号的欠采样技术.军事微波技术第一届全国学术会议论文集,北京,1996,12:38-41
[23]陈国通.数字通信原理.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996:70-73
[24]R.L.Mitchill.Creating Complex Signal Samples from a Band-limited Real Signal.IEEE Trans.on Communication,2005,25(3):24-30
[25]吴远斌,李景文.直接中频采样及数字相干检测的研究.电子学报,2005,22(10):105-107
[26]曾涛,龙腾,王宏波.一种准连续波雷达中频采样的新方法.现代雷达,2005,21(2):94-98
[27]胡昌华,李国华,刘涛,周志杰.基于matlab 6.x的系统分析与设计-小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.1.
[28]Mallat(法)著,杨力华.信号处理的小波导引[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002.9.
[29]王兵,弈旭明.一种提取小波脊线的迭代算法[J].武汉:数学杂志;2004.3.
[30]陈章位,潘宏,路甬祥.渐进信号瞬态频率的提取[J].振动工程学报,1997.12
[31]孙艳朋,贾利民,范明.小波包方法在车载FSK信号中的应用[J].铁道学报,2001,(02).
[32]魏学业,汪希时,丁正庭.移频轨道电路测试系统的设计[J].铁道学报,1996.(05).
[33]N.Delprat,etc"Asymptotic wavelet and Gabor analysis:extraction of instantaneous frequencies" IEEE Trans.on Information Theory,1992,38(2)
[34]K.C.Ho,W.Prokopiw,Y.T.Chan,"Modulation identification of digital signals by the wavelet transform",IEE Proc.-Radar,Sonar Naving.,Vol.147,No.4,August 2000
[35]Weiss L G,"Wavelets and wideband correlation processing",IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,1994,11(1)
[36]Chan,Y.Y.,Plews,J.W.,K.c.,"Symbol rate estimation by the wavelet transform",Proceedings of IEEE ISCAS'97,Hong Kong,1997,pp.177-181
[37]Caseu S D,Sadler B M,"Modifications of the Euclidean Algorithm for Isolating Periodicities from a Sparse Set of Noisy Measurements",IEEE Trans.on Signal Proecssing,1996,38(2)
[38]Salari.E,Siy.P,The ridge-seeking method for obtaining the skeleton of digital image,IEEE Trans.on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1984,SMC-14(3):524-28.
[39]Tchamitchian P,Torresani B,Ridge and skeleton extraction from the wavelet transform,Wavelets and Applications,Ruskai,1992:123-151.
[40]Ph Guillemain,R.Kronland-Martinet,B.Martens,Estimation of spectral lines with the help of the wavelet transform.Applications in NMR spectroscopy,Wavelets and Applications,Masson Springer-Verlag 1991,38-60.
[41]S.Maes,The wavelet tansform in signal processing with application to the extraction of the speech modulation model features,Universite Catholique De Louvain,Ph.D.,1994.
[42]Saracco G.,Guillemain P.Kronland-Martinet,Characterization of elastic shells by the use of the wavelet transform,IEEE Ultrasonics symposium,1990:881-885.
[43]A.V.奥本海姆,R.W.谢弗,J.R.巴克.离散时间信号处理.西安交通大学出版社,2001:319-420
[44]路后兵,姜秋喜,毕大平,董晖.小波分析包络提取及在DSP上的实现[J].电子对抗,2003,(06).
[45]Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5402 Fixed-point Digital Signal Processor,Texas Instruments,2000:1-67
[46]Chen H L.Construction of Orthonormal Wavelet Basis in Periodic Case.Chinese Science Bulletin,1996,41(7):17-23
[47]James.s.Walker.A Primer on WAVELETS and Their Scientific Applications.CHAPMAN&HALL/CRC,1999:1-50
[48]Donoho D.L.De-noising by soft-thresholding.IEEE Trans.Inform Theory,1995,41(5):613-627
[49]彭启琮.TMS320C54X实用教程.电子科技大学出版社,2000:10-69
[50]汪安民.TMS320C54XXDSP实用技术.清华大学出版社,2002:1-3
[51]胡广书.数字信号处理理论算法与实现.第二版.清华大学出版社,2003:327-350.
[52]夏秀渝.基于TMS320C54X DSK平台的Zoom-FFT的快速实现.电测与仪表,2002,39(435):30-32
[53]E.A.Hoper.the Zoom FFT Using Complex Modulation.IEEE Int Conf ASSP,1977:78-81
[54]C.Y.Yip.Some Aspects of the Zoom Transform.IEEE Trans on Computers,1976,C-25(3):287-296
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