基于多尺度分析的组织光学性质测量方法和成像技术
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摘要
本论文关注生物组织光子学研究热点,将多尺度分析的现代数学分析方法与组织光学性质的测量和相衬显微镜、散斑、光学相干层析成像和光声成像不同尺度成像技术相结合,开展了初步的研究工作,取得了一些成果,主要包括以下三个方面的创新性内容：
提出了一种新的描述组织光学散射性质测量模型：通过圆盘结构元素的多尺度数学形态学提取离体组织的颗粒数密度分布,发现组织颗粒数密度分布存在分形特征；并将实际测量获得的颗粒数密度分布与Mie散射理论相结合数值计算出完整的组织光学散射性质；此方法还适用于不同感兴趣区域和不同显微尺度下局域性的组织光学散射性质；然后将此方法用于诊断人体胃癌组织。最后,改进MC模拟算法,采用离散相函数能够更加准确地了解光在组织中传输情况。
基于数学形态学和连续小波变换的多尺度分析理论发展了组织光学散射性质、吸收性质和布朗运动动态信息间接测量方法：发展光学相干层析成像在模拟组织液浅表区域深度功率谱可以近似为U字型二次方函数理论,并基于此提出了同时提取光学性质参数和布朗运动信息测量方法,采用连续小波变换获得U字型二次方函数近似条件,验证此方法的可行性,并将此方法应用于葡萄糖浓度的测量；利用散斑强度的自相关函数发展一种散斑形态平均粒度分析理论,描述平均粒度大小与组织光学散射系数成反比关系,在实验上采用数学形态学的粒度分析法简单地验证此方法的有效性；建立OCT散斑对比度测量组织光学散射系数的理论模型,理论模型表明,OCT散斑对比度是样品深度的线性函数,其线性斜率与散射系数成正比；利用光声信号对样品的边界敏感的性质,采用连续小波变换分别修正光声信号因频率不同导致传输衰减不同的影响,发展了一种测量混浊介质中吸收异物的光学吸收系数方法,此方法可以应用于吸收增强的光热治疗肿瘤过程。
采用数学形态学和小波的多尺度滤波方法提高成像质量：根据散斑AIRY斑的形态特征,采用圆盘结构元素的数学形态学多尺度滤波,有效地消除偏振相差成像的散斑；利用小波脊位置的信息减少散斑对OCT信号的影响；利用小波变换消除光声信号频率外的噪声,提高信号的质量,使纵向单次采样的光声成像系统能够快速地获得样品信息,并将此光声成像系统应用于活体大鼠心肌急性缺血的监控过程。
This thesis is concerned about the hot issue on biological tissue photonics, and develops methods for measuring tissue optical properties and imaging techniques combining multi-scale analysis with different scaling imaging modes (phase-contrast microscopy, speckle, optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic imaging). Innovations in the main research include three aspects.
A method combining mathematical morphology with Mie theory to simulate optical scattering in biological tissues is proposed:Multi-scale morphological granulometry is used to analyze the phase-contrast images of biological tissue and to estimate scatterer size distribution of the tissue samples. Using the fractal features of the size distribution, the optical parameters associated with light scattering in tissue are quantitatively estimated using Mie theory. In addition, the method could be extended to describe the local optical parameters. Furthermore, our results suggest that this unique method can be used to characterize biological tissues for disease diagnosis. Finally, the improved MC simulation algorithm, using the discrete phase function can be a more accurate picture of the light propagation in tissue.
Some indirect methods are developed for measuring tissue optical scattering properties, absorption properties and the Brownian dynamics based on mathematical morphology and continous wavelet transform:an approximately U-quadratic theoretical model is proposed for simultaneous estimating the optical scattering coefficient and the Brownian diffusion coefficient of the superficial layer of tissue; a theoretical model is presented for average granulometric size of speckle in terms of scattering coefficient based on spatial correlation function of the backscattered intensity; a theoretical model for analyzing of speckle contrast of optical coherence tomography shows contrast ratio is a linear function of depth and the slope of this linear dependence is proportional to the scattering coefficient; a method using focusing photoacoustic imaging to quantify the target optical absorption coefficient is proposed. In this method, wavelet transform is used to extract the photoacoustic signals at specific acoustic frequencies, and correct them. This method is particularly useful to provide accurate absorption coefficient for predicting the outcomes of photothermal interaction for cancer treatment with absorption enhancement.
The methods using mathematical morphology and wavelet multi-scale filtering to improve image quality:since the shape of speckle is airy, we employ a morphological opening operation with a disc-shaped structuring element to suppress the speckle coarse grains, improving the quality of polarization-difference images; wavelet ridge transform is used to reduce the speckle of OCT signal; the wavelet analysis could improve PA signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through choosing suitable scale, and make photoacoustic imaging system using longitudinal single sampling quickly obtain information of sample. The photoacoustic imaging is applied to identify the myocardium of rat in vivo.
提出了一种新的描述组织光学散射性质测量模型：通过圆盘结构元素的多尺度数学形态学提取离体组织的颗粒数密度分布,发现组织颗粒数密度分布存在分形特征；并将实际测量获得的颗粒数密度分布与Mie散射理论相结合数值计算出完整的组织光学散射性质；此方法还适用于不同感兴趣区域和不同显微尺度下局域性的组织光学散射性质；然后将此方法用于诊断人体胃癌组织。最后,改进MC模拟算法,采用离散相函数能够更加准确地了解光在组织中传输情况。
基于数学形态学和连续小波变换的多尺度分析理论发展了组织光学散射性质、吸收性质和布朗运动动态信息间接测量方法：发展光学相干层析成像在模拟组织液浅表区域深度功率谱可以近似为U字型二次方函数理论,并基于此提出了同时提取光学性质参数和布朗运动信息测量方法,采用连续小波变换获得U字型二次方函数近似条件,验证此方法的可行性,并将此方法应用于葡萄糖浓度的测量；利用散斑强度的自相关函数发展一种散斑形态平均粒度分析理论,描述平均粒度大小与组织光学散射系数成反比关系,在实验上采用数学形态学的粒度分析法简单地验证此方法的有效性；建立OCT散斑对比度测量组织光学散射系数的理论模型,理论模型表明,OCT散斑对比度是样品深度的线性函数,其线性斜率与散射系数成正比；利用光声信号对样品的边界敏感的性质,采用连续小波变换分别修正光声信号因频率不同导致传输衰减不同的影响,发展了一种测量混浊介质中吸收异物的光学吸收系数方法,此方法可以应用于吸收增强的光热治疗肿瘤过程。
采用数学形态学和小波的多尺度滤波方法提高成像质量：根据散斑AIRY斑的形态特征,采用圆盘结构元素的数学形态学多尺度滤波,有效地消除偏振相差成像的散斑；利用小波脊位置的信息减少散斑对OCT信号的影响；利用小波变换消除光声信号频率外的噪声,提高信号的质量,使纵向单次采样的光声成像系统能够快速地获得样品信息,并将此光声成像系统应用于活体大鼠心肌急性缺血的监控过程。
This thesis is concerned about the hot issue on biological tissue photonics, and develops methods for measuring tissue optical properties and imaging techniques combining multi-scale analysis with different scaling imaging modes (phase-contrast microscopy, speckle, optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic imaging). Innovations in the main research include three aspects.
A method combining mathematical morphology with Mie theory to simulate optical scattering in biological tissues is proposed:Multi-scale morphological granulometry is used to analyze the phase-contrast images of biological tissue and to estimate scatterer size distribution of the tissue samples. Using the fractal features of the size distribution, the optical parameters associated with light scattering in tissue are quantitatively estimated using Mie theory. In addition, the method could be extended to describe the local optical parameters. Furthermore, our results suggest that this unique method can be used to characterize biological tissues for disease diagnosis. Finally, the improved MC simulation algorithm, using the discrete phase function can be a more accurate picture of the light propagation in tissue.
Some indirect methods are developed for measuring tissue optical scattering properties, absorption properties and the Brownian dynamics based on mathematical morphology and continous wavelet transform:an approximately U-quadratic theoretical model is proposed for simultaneous estimating the optical scattering coefficient and the Brownian diffusion coefficient of the superficial layer of tissue; a theoretical model is presented for average granulometric size of speckle in terms of scattering coefficient based on spatial correlation function of the backscattered intensity; a theoretical model for analyzing of speckle contrast of optical coherence tomography shows contrast ratio is a linear function of depth and the slope of this linear dependence is proportional to the scattering coefficient; a method using focusing photoacoustic imaging to quantify the target optical absorption coefficient is proposed. In this method, wavelet transform is used to extract the photoacoustic signals at specific acoustic frequencies, and correct them. This method is particularly useful to provide accurate absorption coefficient for predicting the outcomes of photothermal interaction for cancer treatment with absorption enhancement.
The methods using mathematical morphology and wavelet multi-scale filtering to improve image quality:since the shape of speckle is airy, we employ a morphological opening operation with a disc-shaped structuring element to suppress the speckle coarse grains, improving the quality of polarization-difference images; wavelet ridge transform is used to reduce the speckle of OCT signal; the wavelet analysis could improve PA signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through choosing suitable scale, and make photoacoustic imaging system using longitudinal single sampling quickly obtain information of sample. The photoacoustic imaging is applied to identify the myocardium of rat in vivo.
引文
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