吉林省延边地区重磁场研究
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摘要
延边地区发育一系列中、新生代的中小型断陷—坳陷盆地，资源潜力大。但是该地区构造特征复杂，断层发育，针对整个地区的重磁资料数据处理与解释尚属空白。因此，基于该区的重磁异常数据，探索适合反演研究区断裂构造格局及盆地分布的数据处理方法和技术，并进行系统的处理解释，具有一定的实际意义。本文采用延7井和延D7井资料、3条地震剖面、1条电法剖面及岩石物性作为先验条件，对研究区1:20万地面布格重力异常和航空磁力异常数据进行了相应的波数域数据处理，得到了目标体异常特征，并以前人的研究成果为依据，划分出了研究区内主要断裂带，确定了区内中、新生代盆地的基底埋深，进而预测了富煤和含油气远景区。
研究过程中，为了从重磁异常数据中提取更为丰富准确的相关地质信息，文中采用了针对重力异常进行多次小子域滤波处理识别断裂的方案，另外，将计算过程更稳定的Taylor级数迭代下延因子引入视物性和密度界面反演过程中，并以模型试验验证了其合理性。在实际数据处理解释工作中，使用频率域—空间域插值切割关系式实现研究区内重磁异常场分离后，通过引入了Taylor级数迭代下延因子的视物性反演公式，分别计算了研究区内不同深度的视密度和视磁化率异常。通过多次小子域滤波、Thetamap、欧拉反褶积技术反演断裂带水平位置，并以视密度反演结果作为佐证，结合区域构造演化史，确定了研究区内断裂带的具体位置及切割改造关系。依据断裂的水平位置、剩余异常重力和区域地质概况，对研究区进行了大地构造单元的划分。根据界面反演得到的基底深度，以地表岩石露头和区域构造规律为参照，圈定了敦化、延吉、珲春、松江、和龙盆地及汪清—罗子沟盆地群。
文中对部分数据处理方法做出的改进及所取得的研究成果详情如下：
1.本文采用对重力异常进行多次小子域滤波的方案，实现了异常梯级带的进一步紧缩，突出断裂带的展布特征。采用长方体组合模型进行试验分析，证明了该方案用于反演断裂位置的可行性。对延边地区重力异常做上述处理后，所得结果中断裂构造特征更加明显，且连续性较好，与重磁异常所反映的构造特征、Thetamap极大值、欧拉反褶积点迹密集处和视密度反演的构造特征对应较好，说明其识别断裂带的效果较为理想，并结合区域地质概况，对研究区内的主要断裂带进行了划分。
2．分别对球体磁力模型使用积分迭代法、Taylor级数迭代法进行下延计算，与理论值对比，阐述了Taylor级数迭代下延法在保证精度的同时，计算速度更快，更加适合实际数据资料的处理工作。在此基础上，笔者由横向变密度层重力异常正演公式和泊松公式出发，给出了结合有Taylor级数迭代下延因子的视密度、视磁化率反演公式。由于继承了Taylor级数迭代下延的特性，这两个公式可以极大的增加反演深度，提高反演精度。将其用于反演延边地区不同深度的视物性分布特征，所得结果与延吉盆地的井资料、前人研究成果相互印证，证明了所得反演结果的准确性，为研究测区内地下物性分布和划分断裂带提供了数据支持。
3．依据研究区内的重磁场特征和相应数据处理结果，结合安哥拉植物群和华夏植物群的分界线位置以及二维视电阻率剖面反映的电性结构在百草沟位置存在的明显差异，确定了西拉木伦河缝合带的东延位置应位于春阳-汪清-珲春西一线。
4．根据延边地区的重磁场特征、视物性特征、断裂构造特征和区域地质概况，将研究区内的大地构造单元划分成了四个等级：一级大地构造单元以西拉木伦河东延缝合线(汪清—图们北)为界将研究区分为华北板块和东北陆块；二级大地构造单元以珲春—伊春缝合带为界将研究区内的东北陆块分为松嫩地块和兴凯地块；三级大地构造单元分别以F1~F5断裂带为界划分为发展隆起区、敦化坳陷区、大蒲柴河—安图隆起区、春阳坳陷区、天桥岭隆起区、延吉—汪清坳陷区、松江—和龙隆起区、珲春坳陷区和杜荒子隆起区；四级大地构造单元以研究内的断裂为界将研究区划分为敦化盆地、延吉盆地、松江盆地、和龙盆地、汪清-罗子沟盆地群、珲春盆地和其他隆起区。
5．给出了结合Taylor级数迭代下延因子的单一密度界面反演公式，由球缺组合模型证明其不但可以很好的解决大埋深界面的反演问题，而且反演结果的精度更高。以延吉盆地3条地震剖面、井资料及岩石物性作为先验条件，采用此公式反演了延边地区中、新生代盆地的基底埋深。其结果与地震剖面和几处主要盆地的地质资料符合性均较好，说明反演的基底深度是准确、可靠的。结合前人研究成果，在延吉盆地、敦化盆地内预测了富煤和含油气的有利远景区。
上述为揭示延边地区构造特征而采取的重磁数据处理方案，缩小了重力和磁力勘探数据处理结果与实际地质情况的偏差，得到的断裂带展布特征和反演的中、新生代盆地基底深度是准确、可靠的。延边地区大比例尺的重力和磁力勘探程度仍然不高，相信本次研究可以为该区的地质调查和能源勘探工作提供重要参考。
There are a series of small and medium-sized faulted-depression of the Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basins in Yanbian area.It’s potential of resource ishuge.But the region’s structure character is complex,with developed faults,processing and interpretation of gravity and magnetic data in the whole area data isblank.Therefore,based on the gravity and magnetic anomaly data,exploring forprocessing methods of technology to inverse the fracture structure and the basin’s distribution,giving data processing and interpretation scientifically,have practical significance.In this article, making the data of Yan7well and Yan D7well,three seismic profiles,an electrical profile and the physical properties of rocksin this study area as prior conditions,the gravity and air-magnetic anomaly data with1:200000scale in the researching area has been processed in the corresponding wave-number domain,obtained the corresponding objective anomalous characteristics,and as the basis of research results of predecessors,this article delineated the main faults,determined the depth of Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basement,and forecasted the rich coal and oil and gas prospecting areas.
In the course of the study,in order to extract more affluent and accurate related geological information from the gravity and magnetic anomaly data,thispaper used the scheme of small subdomain filterting to the gravity anomaly byseveral times to recognize fractures,in addition,introduced Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor which is more stable in the calculate into theinversion of apparent property and density interfacement,and proved its rationality in the model experiments.In the actual data processing and interpretation work,used frequency-domain-space field interpolation formula to realize the separation of gravity and magnetic anomaly,by the apparent property inversion formula introduced the Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor,respectively calculated the apparent density and magnetism in the different depth.Used the small subdomain filterting by several times,Thetamap,Euler deconvolution technology to inverse fault’s position, and made the apparent density inversion results as a country,in combination with regional tectonic evolution history,to determine the fault location and research in their transformation relationship.According to the fracture’s position,residual gravity anomaly and regional geological survey of study area,divised the tectonic units.According to the depth of basemen t by interface inversion,outcroped rock and regional tectonic regular pattern,delineated the Dunhua,Yanji,Songjiang,Helong basin and Wangqing-Luozigou basingroups.
In the paper, some data processing methods which have been made improvement and details of achievements are as follows:
1.This paper used the scheme of small subdomain filterting to the gravityanomaly by several times to realize the step belt with abnormal tighter,highlight the fault’s character of exhibition.The experimental model with several cuboids determined using this inversion method to recoginze the positions of faults isin the feasibility.After doing the above treatment to the gravity anomaly in yanbian area,the results of the fracture structure feature was more evident,and theircontinuity was better,which corresponding effects with gravity and magnetic anomaly reflects tectonic characteristics,Thetamap great values,Euler deconvolution’s points marked in dense and the structural characteristics in the apparent density were good,all that indicated the recognition of the fault is a relatively good effect,then in combination with regional geological survey,and Helong-ChunYang electrical method profile,delineated the main fault zone in the research area.
2.By using respectively integral iterative method and Taylor series iterationdownward continuation method into the magnetic model with sphere,comparedwith the theoretical value,expounded the Taylor series iteration method not only accurate but also faster, more suitable for the actual data processing work. On this basis,the author have given the apparent density and magnetism inversion formular which is combined with the Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor by transverse variable density layer gravity anomaly modeling formula and poisson formula.Because they has inherited the characteristics of theTaylor series iteration downward continuation,the two formulas can greatly increase the inversion depth and improve inversion precision.Used them to inversethe apparent property distribution in different depth in yanbian area,the resultsand YanJi basin Wells data and previous research results could be proved by each other,proved the accuracy of the inversion results, which provided the study of underground property distribution and division of fault zone data-support in the surveyed area.
3.Based on characteristics of the gravity and magnetic field in the study area and corresponding processing results,combined with the boundary position between Angola flora and Chinese plants group in yanbian area and2D resistivityprofile which electrical structure existed significant differences in Baicaogou,determined east delay’s position of West Lamulun Drainage Basin suture line.
4.According to the characteristics of gravity and magnetic field in yanbianarea,apparent property characteristics,regional geological structure characteristics ,the tectonic units of this study area could be divided into four levels:level1tectonic units,West Lamulun Drainage Basin suture line as a border distinguishes between the north China plate and the northeast landmass;Level2tectonic units is that by yichun-hunchun suture line northeast landmass is divided into Songnen plot and Xingkai plot;Level3tectonic units is that which makes respectively F1~F5faults as boundaries the whole study area can be divided into Fazhan uplift area,Dunhua depression area,Dapuchai River uplift area,ChunYang depression area,Tianqiaoling uplift area,Yanji-Wangqing depression area,Songjiang-Helong uplift area,Hunchun depression area and Duhuangzi uplift area;Level4tectonic units have the faults in the study region as boundaries to divide thewholearea into Dunhua basin,Yanji basin,Songjiang basin,and Helong basin,Wangqing-Luozigou basins,hunchun of basin and other uplift areas.
5.By introducing Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor intodensity interface inversion,this paper gave a new single density interface inversion formula,the combinated model with defective spheres proved it not only cansolve large buried depth of the interface inversion problem very well,and havehigher precision in the inversion result.In this article, making the data of Yan7well and Yan D7well,three seismic profiles and the physical properties ofrocks in this study area as prior conditions,using this formula to invers Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basin’s basement buried depth in yanbian area,results andseismic profiles and several main basin of the geological material compliancedwell,explain the basal depth by inversion is accurate and reliable.Combining previous research results,in Yanji basin,dunhua basins forecasted the rich coal and oil and gas favorable prospect areas.
The above gravity and magnetic data processing programs which were to reveal the structure characteristics in yanbian area,narrow the gap between the results by processing the gravity and magnetic exploration data with actual geological conditions, the character of the exhibition of the fault zone and by inversion basement depth of Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basin is accurate and reliable. The large scale in yanbian area of gravity and magnetic exploration degree is still not enough, the author believes that the study can provide importantreference to geological survey and energy exploration work in the region in future.
研究过程中，为了从重磁异常数据中提取更为丰富准确的相关地质信息，文中采用了针对重力异常进行多次小子域滤波处理识别断裂的方案，另外，将计算过程更稳定的Taylor级数迭代下延因子引入视物性和密度界面反演过程中，并以模型试验验证了其合理性。在实际数据处理解释工作中，使用频率域—空间域插值切割关系式实现研究区内重磁异常场分离后，通过引入了Taylor级数迭代下延因子的视物性反演公式，分别计算了研究区内不同深度的视密度和视磁化率异常。通过多次小子域滤波、Thetamap、欧拉反褶积技术反演断裂带水平位置，并以视密度反演结果作为佐证，结合区域构造演化史，确定了研究区内断裂带的具体位置及切割改造关系。依据断裂的水平位置、剩余异常重力和区域地质概况，对研究区进行了大地构造单元的划分。根据界面反演得到的基底深度，以地表岩石露头和区域构造规律为参照，圈定了敦化、延吉、珲春、松江、和龙盆地及汪清—罗子沟盆地群。
文中对部分数据处理方法做出的改进及所取得的研究成果详情如下：
1.本文采用对重力异常进行多次小子域滤波的方案，实现了异常梯级带的进一步紧缩，突出断裂带的展布特征。采用长方体组合模型进行试验分析，证明了该方案用于反演断裂位置的可行性。对延边地区重力异常做上述处理后，所得结果中断裂构造特征更加明显，且连续性较好，与重磁异常所反映的构造特征、Thetamap极大值、欧拉反褶积点迹密集处和视密度反演的构造特征对应较好，说明其识别断裂带的效果较为理想，并结合区域地质概况，对研究区内的主要断裂带进行了划分。
2．分别对球体磁力模型使用积分迭代法、Taylor级数迭代法进行下延计算，与理论值对比，阐述了Taylor级数迭代下延法在保证精度的同时，计算速度更快，更加适合实际数据资料的处理工作。在此基础上，笔者由横向变密度层重力异常正演公式和泊松公式出发，给出了结合有Taylor级数迭代下延因子的视密度、视磁化率反演公式。由于继承了Taylor级数迭代下延的特性，这两个公式可以极大的增加反演深度，提高反演精度。将其用于反演延边地区不同深度的视物性分布特征，所得结果与延吉盆地的井资料、前人研究成果相互印证，证明了所得反演结果的准确性，为研究测区内地下物性分布和划分断裂带提供了数据支持。
3．依据研究区内的重磁场特征和相应数据处理结果，结合安哥拉植物群和华夏植物群的分界线位置以及二维视电阻率剖面反映的电性结构在百草沟位置存在的明显差异，确定了西拉木伦河缝合带的东延位置应位于春阳-汪清-珲春西一线。
4．根据延边地区的重磁场特征、视物性特征、断裂构造特征和区域地质概况，将研究区内的大地构造单元划分成了四个等级：一级大地构造单元以西拉木伦河东延缝合线(汪清—图们北)为界将研究区分为华北板块和东北陆块；二级大地构造单元以珲春—伊春缝合带为界将研究区内的东北陆块分为松嫩地块和兴凯地块；三级大地构造单元分别以F1~F5断裂带为界划分为发展隆起区、敦化坳陷区、大蒲柴河—安图隆起区、春阳坳陷区、天桥岭隆起区、延吉—汪清坳陷区、松江—和龙隆起区、珲春坳陷区和杜荒子隆起区；四级大地构造单元以研究内的断裂为界将研究区划分为敦化盆地、延吉盆地、松江盆地、和龙盆地、汪清-罗子沟盆地群、珲春盆地和其他隆起区。
5．给出了结合Taylor级数迭代下延因子的单一密度界面反演公式，由球缺组合模型证明其不但可以很好的解决大埋深界面的反演问题，而且反演结果的精度更高。以延吉盆地3条地震剖面、井资料及岩石物性作为先验条件，采用此公式反演了延边地区中、新生代盆地的基底埋深。其结果与地震剖面和几处主要盆地的地质资料符合性均较好，说明反演的基底深度是准确、可靠的。结合前人研究成果，在延吉盆地、敦化盆地内预测了富煤和含油气的有利远景区。
上述为揭示延边地区构造特征而采取的重磁数据处理方案，缩小了重力和磁力勘探数据处理结果与实际地质情况的偏差，得到的断裂带展布特征和反演的中、新生代盆地基底深度是准确、可靠的。延边地区大比例尺的重力和磁力勘探程度仍然不高，相信本次研究可以为该区的地质调查和能源勘探工作提供重要参考。
There are a series of small and medium-sized faulted-depression of the Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basins in Yanbian area.It’s potential of resource ishuge.But the region’s structure character is complex,with developed faults,processing and interpretation of gravity and magnetic data in the whole area data isblank.Therefore,based on the gravity and magnetic anomaly data,exploring forprocessing methods of technology to inverse the fracture structure and the basin’s distribution,giving data processing and interpretation scientifically,have practical significance.In this article, making the data of Yan7well and Yan D7well,three seismic profiles,an electrical profile and the physical properties of rocksin this study area as prior conditions,the gravity and air-magnetic anomaly data with1:200000scale in the researching area has been processed in the corresponding wave-number domain,obtained the corresponding objective anomalous characteristics,and as the basis of research results of predecessors,this article delineated the main faults,determined the depth of Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basement,and forecasted the rich coal and oil and gas prospecting areas.
In the course of the study,in order to extract more affluent and accurate related geological information from the gravity and magnetic anomaly data,thispaper used the scheme of small subdomain filterting to the gravity anomaly byseveral times to recognize fractures,in addition,introduced Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor which is more stable in the calculate into theinversion of apparent property and density interfacement,and proved its rationality in the model experiments.In the actual data processing and interpretation work,used frequency-domain-space field interpolation formula to realize the separation of gravity and magnetic anomaly,by the apparent property inversion formula introduced the Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor,respectively calculated the apparent density and magnetism in the different depth.Used the small subdomain filterting by several times,Thetamap,Euler deconvolution technology to inverse fault’s position, and made the apparent density inversion results as a country,in combination with regional tectonic evolution history,to determine the fault location and research in their transformation relationship.According to the fracture’s position,residual gravity anomaly and regional geological survey of study area,divised the tectonic units.According to the depth of basemen t by interface inversion,outcroped rock and regional tectonic regular pattern,delineated the Dunhua,Yanji,Songjiang,Helong basin and Wangqing-Luozigou basingroups.
In the paper, some data processing methods which have been made improvement and details of achievements are as follows:
1.This paper used the scheme of small subdomain filterting to the gravityanomaly by several times to realize the step belt with abnormal tighter,highlight the fault’s character of exhibition.The experimental model with several cuboids determined using this inversion method to recoginze the positions of faults isin the feasibility.After doing the above treatment to the gravity anomaly in yanbian area,the results of the fracture structure feature was more evident,and theircontinuity was better,which corresponding effects with gravity and magnetic anomaly reflects tectonic characteristics,Thetamap great values,Euler deconvolution’s points marked in dense and the structural characteristics in the apparent density were good,all that indicated the recognition of the fault is a relatively good effect,then in combination with regional geological survey,and Helong-ChunYang electrical method profile,delineated the main fault zone in the research area.
2.By using respectively integral iterative method and Taylor series iterationdownward continuation method into the magnetic model with sphere,comparedwith the theoretical value,expounded the Taylor series iteration method not only accurate but also faster, more suitable for the actual data processing work. On this basis,the author have given the apparent density and magnetism inversion formular which is combined with the Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor by transverse variable density layer gravity anomaly modeling formula and poisson formula.Because they has inherited the characteristics of theTaylor series iteration downward continuation,the two formulas can greatly increase the inversion depth and improve inversion precision.Used them to inversethe apparent property distribution in different depth in yanbian area,the resultsand YanJi basin Wells data and previous research results could be proved by each other,proved the accuracy of the inversion results, which provided the study of underground property distribution and division of fault zone data-support in the surveyed area.
3.Based on characteristics of the gravity and magnetic field in the study area and corresponding processing results,combined with the boundary position between Angola flora and Chinese plants group in yanbian area and2D resistivityprofile which electrical structure existed significant differences in Baicaogou,determined east delay’s position of West Lamulun Drainage Basin suture line.
4.According to the characteristics of gravity and magnetic field in yanbianarea,apparent property characteristics,regional geological structure characteristics ,the tectonic units of this study area could be divided into four levels:level1tectonic units,West Lamulun Drainage Basin suture line as a border distinguishes between the north China plate and the northeast landmass;Level2tectonic units is that by yichun-hunchun suture line northeast landmass is divided into Songnen plot and Xingkai plot;Level3tectonic units is that which makes respectively F1~F5faults as boundaries the whole study area can be divided into Fazhan uplift area,Dunhua depression area,Dapuchai River uplift area,ChunYang depression area,Tianqiaoling uplift area,Yanji-Wangqing depression area,Songjiang-Helong uplift area,Hunchun depression area and Duhuangzi uplift area;Level4tectonic units have the faults in the study region as boundaries to divide thewholearea into Dunhua basin,Yanji basin,Songjiang basin,and Helong basin,Wangqing-Luozigou basins,hunchun of basin and other uplift areas.
5.By introducing Taylor series iteration downward continuation factor intodensity interface inversion,this paper gave a new single density interface inversion formula,the combinated model with defective spheres proved it not only cansolve large buried depth of the interface inversion problem very well,and havehigher precision in the inversion result.In this article, making the data of Yan7well and Yan D7well,three seismic profiles and the physical properties ofrocks in this study area as prior conditions,using this formula to invers Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basin’s basement buried depth in yanbian area,results andseismic profiles and several main basin of the geological material compliancedwell,explain the basal depth by inversion is accurate and reliable.Combining previous research results,in Yanji basin,dunhua basins forecasted the rich coal and oil and gas favorable prospect areas.
The above gravity and magnetic data processing programs which were to reveal the structure characteristics in yanbian area,narrow the gap between the results by processing the gravity and magnetic exploration data with actual geological conditions, the character of the exhibition of the fault zone and by inversion basement depth of Mesozoic-Cenozoicorogenesis basin is accurate and reliable. The large scale in yanbian area of gravity and magnetic exploration degree is still not enough, the author believes that the study can provide importantreference to geological survey and energy exploration work in the region in future.
引文
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