芜湖市镜湖水体富营养化特征及其潜势初步研究
|
摘要
近20年来,我国湖泊水库的富营养化污染状况发展相当迅速,形势严峻,湖泊、水库富营养化已是一个突出的环境问题。相比大型湖泊,城市内的中小型浅水湖泊的研究显得相对薄弱。城市湖泊作为城市基础设施的重要组成部分,具有滞蓄、排泄雨洪、供水、旅游观光等综合功能,它对于城市生态建设十分重要。因此,城市中小型浅水湖泊的水环境恶化问题尤其富营养化不容忽视。随着城市化进程的加快,其水环境改善的任务尤为严峻。本文以安徽省芜湖市镜湖为例,分析了当今城市湖泊富营养化的相关问题。
本论文首先主要从单因素因子、驱动因子两方面对镜湖的富营养化特征进行分析,分析了与水体富营养化关系密切的影响因子:水温、CODCr、DO、TP、TN、Chla等之间的关系。通过对浮游藻类的分析发现,1、5、7、9四个月份以蓝藻为优势种,3、11两个月以硅藻为优势种。在此分析基础上,又尝试建立了粗糙集数学模型,从而得出总磷因子对镜湖水体富营养化的贡献率最大,为35.12%,其次为总氮因子24.59%、CHLa 20.16%,进而说明磷是镜湖富营养化限制性因子。采用综合营养状态指数公式对富营养化状况进行分析,发现7,8,9,10四个月的TLI(∑)依次增大,水质总体上是从轻富营养向中富营养变化,表明镜湖的富营养化趋势加重。
接着从有机质、营养盐、重金属等方面分析了镜湖底泥的污染特征,并用地累积指数评价法对底泥的重金属污染程度进行评价,得出污染物的污染程度大小次序为:Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd。在对污染物潜在生态危害评价后发现镜湖总体呈现低度生态风险。随后分析了镜湖水体氮磷循环特征,从叶绿素a与其它指标的相关,相关指标聚类等角度分析了镜湖的富营养化潜势,得出镜湖富营养化正处于发展阶段。
最后,对论文进行了总结,强调了对镜湖的生态功能的认识,提出了从强化内外污染源控制、生态修复技术等方面对镜湖富营养化治理的建议。
In the recent 20 years, it is rapid and stern that the lake reservoir eutrophication pollution condition of our country, the eutrophic0ation has been a prominent environment question already.Comparing the large-scale lake, the research appears relatively weak in the city middle and small scale shallow lake. the city lakes are extremely important regarding the city ecology construction, they take the city infrastructure the important constituent, and they have synthesis functions such as stagnating gathers, excreting flood, water supply, traveling sightseeing and so on.Therefore, it is especially not allow to neglect that the water environment worsening question eutrophication of the city middle and small scale shallow lake. Along with urbanized advancement quickening, it is especially stern that water environment improvement duty.This article takes Jing Lake as an example, analyses the related question of eutrophication.
The paper first analyses Jing Lake's eutrophication characteristic mainly from the single factor to the actuation factor,then analyses the water temperature,CODCr,DO,TP,TN,Chla which have close relations with eutrophication.through analyzing the floating algae's ,it is discovered that 1, 5, 7, 9 four months take the blue-green alga as the dominant species, 3,11 two months take the diatom as the dominant species.In this analysis foundation, This paper also attemptes to establish the Rough Collection Mathematical Model, thus discovers the total Phosphorus is the biggest factor to the Jing Lake’s eutrophication technical progress, was 35.12%, next for the total Nitrogen factor 24.59%, CHLa 20.16%, then it explains Phosphorus was the restrictive factor to Jing Lake’s eutrophication.By using the Index of Comprehensive Nutrition to analyse the eutrophication, it discovers 7,8,9,10 four months TLI(∑) increase in turn, the water quality has leniently the rich nutrition as a whole to the rich nutrition change, it also indicates that the Jing Lake's eutrophication tendency is aggravating.
Then this paper analyses the Jing Lake’s pollution characteristic of bottom puttyfrom organic matter, nutrient salt, heavy metal and so on.and though the Index of Geoaccumulation to appraise the heavy metal pollution degree to bottom putty, it is found that the pollutant’s degree size order is: Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd. After the latent ecology harm appraisal of pollutant,it discovers the Jing Lake overall presents the low ecology risk. Afterwards it analyses the cyclical characteristics of the Jing Lake water body’s Nitrogen Phosphorus. Then it analyses Jing Lake's eutrophication potential from CHLa with other target correlation, index of correlation cluster,the result is that Jing Lake’s eutrophication t is developing.
Finally, it is the summary to the paper.It emphasizes understanding to Jing Lake's ecology function, proposes suggestions from strengthening inside and outside aspects, controling source of pollution, ecological repairing technology and so on to the Jing Lake eutrophication.
本论文首先主要从单因素因子、驱动因子两方面对镜湖的富营养化特征进行分析,分析了与水体富营养化关系密切的影响因子:水温、CODCr、DO、TP、TN、Chla等之间的关系。通过对浮游藻类的分析发现,1、5、7、9四个月份以蓝藻为优势种,3、11两个月以硅藻为优势种。在此分析基础上,又尝试建立了粗糙集数学模型,从而得出总磷因子对镜湖水体富营养化的贡献率最大,为35.12%,其次为总氮因子24.59%、CHLa 20.16%,进而说明磷是镜湖富营养化限制性因子。采用综合营养状态指数公式对富营养化状况进行分析,发现7,8,9,10四个月的TLI(∑)依次增大,水质总体上是从轻富营养向中富营养变化,表明镜湖的富营养化趋势加重。
接着从有机质、营养盐、重金属等方面分析了镜湖底泥的污染特征,并用地累积指数评价法对底泥的重金属污染程度进行评价,得出污染物的污染程度大小次序为:Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd。在对污染物潜在生态危害评价后发现镜湖总体呈现低度生态风险。随后分析了镜湖水体氮磷循环特征,从叶绿素a与其它指标的相关,相关指标聚类等角度分析了镜湖的富营养化潜势,得出镜湖富营养化正处于发展阶段。
最后,对论文进行了总结,强调了对镜湖的生态功能的认识,提出了从强化内外污染源控制、生态修复技术等方面对镜湖富营养化治理的建议。
In the recent 20 years, it is rapid and stern that the lake reservoir eutrophication pollution condition of our country, the eutrophic0ation has been a prominent environment question already.Comparing the large-scale lake, the research appears relatively weak in the city middle and small scale shallow lake. the city lakes are extremely important regarding the city ecology construction, they take the city infrastructure the important constituent, and they have synthesis functions such as stagnating gathers, excreting flood, water supply, traveling sightseeing and so on.Therefore, it is especially not allow to neglect that the water environment worsening question eutrophication of the city middle and small scale shallow lake. Along with urbanized advancement quickening, it is especially stern that water environment improvement duty.This article takes Jing Lake as an example, analyses the related question of eutrophication.
The paper first analyses Jing Lake's eutrophication characteristic mainly from the single factor to the actuation factor,then analyses the water temperature,CODCr,DO,TP,TN,Chla which have close relations with eutrophication.through analyzing the floating algae's ,it is discovered that 1, 5, 7, 9 four months take the blue-green alga as the dominant species, 3,11 two months take the diatom as the dominant species.In this analysis foundation, This paper also attemptes to establish the Rough Collection Mathematical Model, thus discovers the total Phosphorus is the biggest factor to the Jing Lake’s eutrophication technical progress, was 35.12%, next for the total Nitrogen factor 24.59%, CHLa 20.16%, then it explains Phosphorus was the restrictive factor to Jing Lake’s eutrophication.By using the Index of Comprehensive Nutrition to analyse the eutrophication, it discovers 7,8,9,10 four months TLI(∑) increase in turn, the water quality has leniently the rich nutrition as a whole to the rich nutrition change, it also indicates that the Jing Lake's eutrophication tendency is aggravating.
Then this paper analyses the Jing Lake’s pollution characteristic of bottom puttyfrom organic matter, nutrient salt, heavy metal and so on.and though the Index of Geoaccumulation to appraise the heavy metal pollution degree to bottom putty, it is found that the pollutant’s degree size order is: Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd. After the latent ecology harm appraisal of pollutant,it discovers the Jing Lake overall presents the low ecology risk. Afterwards it analyses the cyclical characteristics of the Jing Lake water body’s Nitrogen Phosphorus. Then it analyses Jing Lake's eutrophication potential from CHLa with other target correlation, index of correlation cluster,the result is that Jing Lake’s eutrophication t is developing.
Finally, it is the summary to the paper.It emphasizes understanding to Jing Lake's ecology function, proposes suggestions from strengthening inside and outside aspects, controling source of pollution, ecological repairing technology and so on to the Jing Lake eutrophication.
引文
[1] Song L, Sano T.Microcystin production of microcystins viridis(cyanobacteria) under different conditions. Phycological Research, 1998,46(1):19~23
[2] 姜永军,丁敏.水体富营养化控制因子及其污染途径研究[J].甘肃科技, 2003, 19(10): 91~92
[3] Hans Utkilen, Nina Giolme. Iron-stimulated toxin production inmicrocystis aeruginosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995,61:797~800
[4] Ohkubo N, Yagi O, Okada M. Effect of humic and fulvic acids on the growth of microcystins aeruginosa. Environmental Technology, 1998,19(6):611~617
[5] 李小平.美国湖泊富营养化的研究和治理[J].自然杂志,2002,24(2):63~68
[6] Kang R J, James R T and Lung WS, 1998. Assessing LakeOKEECHOBEE eutrophication with water-quality models.Journal ofWater Resources Planning and Management,124 (1):22～30
[7] Somlyody L,1998. Eutrophication modeling,management and decisionmak- ing: the Kis2 Balaton case.Water Science and Technology,37(3):165～175
[8] 全为民,严力蛟,虞左明.湖泊富营养化模型研究进展[J].生物多样性, 2001, 9(2):168~175
[9] 孟庆义.国内湖泊水质污染及富营养化治理[J].北京水利,2001,(5):45~47
[10] 王宁,朱颜明,李顺.松花湖水体营养物质动态变化及成因分析[J].环境科学研究, 1999, 12(5): 27~30
[11] 刘连成.中国湖泊富营养化的现状分析[J].灾害学. 1997, 12(3): 61-65
[12]国家环境保护总局科技标准司编.中国湖泊富营养化及其防治研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
[13] 赵 金 香 , 王 兆 林 , 刘 艳 青 . 浅 析 水 体 富 营 养 化 [J]. 环 境 科 学 动 态 , 2003,(1):28~30
[14] 陈玉成.污染环境生物修复工程[M].化学工业出版社.2003
[15] 全为民.千岛湖富营养化评价及其模型应用研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002
[16] 陈水勇,吕一锋.水体富营养化的形成、危害和防治[[J].环境科学与技术, 1999(2):11~15
[17] 章诗芳.饮用水源藻类污染及其防治对策[J].生态科学,2002, 21(3): 284~286
[1] 章宗涉等编著. 淡水浮游生物研究方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983, 345~347
[2] 孙成主编. 环境监测实验[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003, 14~24
[3] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002, 100~257
[4] 周启星等. 环境生物地球化学及全球环境变化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001
[5] 全为民. 千岛湖富营养化评价及其模型应用研究, 浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2002
[6] 陈晓宏等编著. 水环境评价与规划[M]. 广州: 中山大学出版社, 2001, 220-226
[7] 张晟. 三峡水库成库后营养盐与浮游生物量分布. 西南师范大学博士学位论文, 2005, 6, 57-61
[8] 生物监测技术规范编委会. 生物监测技术规范[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1986
[9] 刘清. Rough 集及 Rough 推理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001. 11-38
[10] ChangL. Y. , G. Y. Wang, Y. Wu. An approach for attribute reduction and rule generation based on rough set theory[J]. ChineseJ. Software, 1999, 10: 1206-1211
[11] LinT. Y. Granular fuzzy sets: A view from rough set and probability theories[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 2001, 3(2): 373-381
[12] 吴义锋等. 水体富营养化驱动因子粗糙分析[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2005, 12(4): 11-14
[13] 郭培章等. 中外水体富营养化治理案例研究[M]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2003, 348-375
[14] 李如忠等. 巢湖流域非点源营养物控制对策研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(1): 119-122
[15] 张之源等. 巢湖营养化状况评价及水质恢复探讨[J]. 环境科学研究, 1999, 12(5): 45-48
[16] 王明翠等. 湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J]. 中国环境监测, 2002, 18(5): 47-49
[17] 张思冲等. 营养度指数法在寒地湖泊富营养化评价中的应用[J]. 哈工大学报, 2003, 35(4): 416-419
[18] 蔡熠东等. 水质富营养化程度的人工神经网络决策模型[J]. 中国环境科学, 1995, 15(2): 123
[19] 胡著邦等. 模糊评价法在湖泊富营养化评价中的应用[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2202, 21(6): 53-536
[20] 金相灿. 中国湖泊环境(第二册)[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1995, 150-197
[21] 王化可等. 芜湖市镜湖水体富营养化特征分析及生态修复探讨[J]. 水土保持研究, 2006, 13(4): 271-273
[22] 田贵全. 大气环境质量评价的判别分析法[J]. 环境科学研究, 1996, 9(3): 45~47
[1] 周玉松等. 城市污泥重金属监测控制[J].环境卫生工程, 2005, 13(6); 9-11
[2] 曲久辉.我国水体复合污染与控制[J].科学对社会的影响, 2000(1):36-40
[3] 孙成主编. 环境监测实验[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2003, 14~24
[4] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002, 100~257
[5] 杨持. 生态学实验与实习[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2003, 8-10
[6] Dean W E. The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics inlake sediments [J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 1999, 21(4):375-393
[7] 陈敬安等. 湖泊现代沉积物碳环境记录研究[J]. 中国科学(D 辑), 2002, 32(1):73-80
[8] Kristensen E, Blackburn T H. The fate of organic carbon and nitrogen in experimental marine sediment systems:influence ofbioturbation and anoxia [J]. J. Mar. Rew. , 1987, 45:231-257
[9] 肖化云等. 湖泊外源氮输入与内源氮释放辨析[J]. 中国科学(D 辑), 2003, 33(6):576-582
[10] 孟紫强. 环境毒理学基础[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2003, 210-245
[11] 王瑞贤等. 东山湾表层沉积物中 8 项化学要素的地球化学特征[J]. 台湾海峡, 1992, 11(3):197-202
[12] 金相灿. 沉积物污染化学[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1992, 245-250
[13] ForstnerU. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences(Contaminated Sediments) [M]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 1989, 107-109
[14] 阎伍玖等. 芜湖城市效区土壤重金属污染危害及其对策研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2000, 37(1):136-141
[15] 简敏菲等.都阳湖水土环境及其水生维管束植物重金属污染的研究[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(6):589-593
[16] 陈静生等. 水体金属污染潜在危害:应用沉积学方法评价[J]. 环境科技, 1989, 9(1); 16-25
[17] Lars Hakanson. An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control-A Sediment Logical Approach[J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8):975-986
[1] 王如松等. 城市生态调控方法[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2000
[2] 周启星等. 环境生物地球化学及全球环境变化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001
[3] Zhou Qi xing, Gibson C E, Foy R H. Long-term changes of nitrogen and Phosphorus loadings toa large lake in north-west Ireland[J]. Water Research, 2000, 34(3): 922~926
[4] 段水旺等. 长江下游氮磷含量变化及输送量的估计[J]. 环境科学, 2000, 21(1): 53~56
[5] 况琪军等. 汉江中下游江段藻类现状调查及水华成因分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2000, 9(1): 65~69
[6] 陈利顶等. 农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制[J]. 环境科学, 2000, 21(3): 98~100
[7] 张国勋等. 杭州西湖富营养化防治最佳运行方式探讨[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2000, 22(1): 35~36
[8] 吴为梁. 滇池富营养化与藻类资源[J]. 云南环境科学, 2000, 19(1): 35~37
[9] Zhou Qi xing, Gibson C E, ZhuYin mei. Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability In sediments of there contrasting lakes in China and the UK[J]. Chemosphere, 2001, 42(2): 221~225
[10] Livingston R L. Eutrophication Process in Coastal Systems: Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production[M]. BocaRaton: Lew is Publishers, Inc. , 2000. 352
[11] ArhonditsisG, Eleftheriadou M, Karydis M, Tsirtsis G. Eutrophication risk assessment in Coastal embayments using simple statistical models[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 46(9): 1174~1178
[12] StromT E, KlavenessD. Hunnebotn: a seawater basintrans formed by natural and Anthropogenic processes[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003, 56(5): 1177~1185
[13] 东野脉兴. 湖泊中磷的循环与沉积作用[J]. 化工矿产地质, 1996, 18(4):258~262
[14] HazeldenJ, BoormanLA. The role of soil and vegetation processes in the control of organic and Mineral fluxesin some western European salt marsh[J]. Journal of Coasta Research, 1999, 15: 15-31
[15] 吴莹等. 营养盐(氮, 磷)在湿地中的迁移与循环[J]. 海洋科学, 2004, 28(3): 69-72
[16] LundLJ, HorneAJ, WilliamsAE. Estimating denitrification in a large constructed wetland using stable nitrogen isotope ratios[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2000, 14: 67-76
[17] 金相灿. 湖泊富营养化控制与管理技术[M]. 北京化学工业出版社, 2001, 1~6
[18] 张巍等. 太湖水质指标相关性与富营养化特征分析[J], 环境污染与防, 2002, 24(1): 50~53
[19] 周启星等. 某城市湖泊中磷的循环特征及富营养化发生潜势[J]. 环境科学, 2004, 25(5): 138~142
[20] 孙文爽等. 多元统计分析[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1994, 336~383.
[21] 司友斌等. 香根草对富营养化水体净化效果研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2): 277~279
[1] 王化可, 陈发扬. 富营养化水体底泥污染控制及生物修复技术探讨[J]. 能源与环境, 2006, 1, 15-18
[2] 郑曦, 刘登义. 镜湖富营养化污染及其治理的初步研究 II—镜湖水体污染现状评述[J]. 安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 23(3):269-272
[3] 司友斌, 包军杰等. 香根草对富营养化水体净化效果研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2):277-279
[4] 郑曦, 刘登义. 镜湖富营养化污染及其治理的初步研究——底泥氮磷及入湖污水对富营养化的影响[J]. 徐州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 17(2):54~56
[2] 姜永军,丁敏.水体富营养化控制因子及其污染途径研究[J].甘肃科技, 2003, 19(10): 91~92
[3] Hans Utkilen, Nina Giolme. Iron-stimulated toxin production inmicrocystis aeruginosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995,61:797~800
[4] Ohkubo N, Yagi O, Okada M. Effect of humic and fulvic acids on the growth of microcystins aeruginosa. Environmental Technology, 1998,19(6):611~617
[5] 李小平.美国湖泊富营养化的研究和治理[J].自然杂志,2002,24(2):63~68
[6] Kang R J, James R T and Lung WS, 1998. Assessing LakeOKEECHOBEE eutrophication with water-quality models.Journal ofWater Resources Planning and Management,124 (1):22～30
[7] Somlyody L,1998. Eutrophication modeling,management and decisionmak- ing: the Kis2 Balaton case.Water Science and Technology,37(3):165～175
[8] 全为民,严力蛟,虞左明.湖泊富营养化模型研究进展[J].生物多样性, 2001, 9(2):168~175
[9] 孟庆义.国内湖泊水质污染及富营养化治理[J].北京水利,2001,(5):45~47
[10] 王宁,朱颜明,李顺.松花湖水体营养物质动态变化及成因分析[J].环境科学研究, 1999, 12(5): 27~30
[11] 刘连成.中国湖泊富营养化的现状分析[J].灾害学. 1997, 12(3): 61-65
[12]国家环境保护总局科技标准司编.中国湖泊富营养化及其防治研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
[13] 赵 金 香 , 王 兆 林 , 刘 艳 青 . 浅 析 水 体 富 营 养 化 [J]. 环 境 科 学 动 态 , 2003,(1):28~30
[14] 陈玉成.污染环境生物修复工程[M].化学工业出版社.2003
[15] 全为民.千岛湖富营养化评价及其模型应用研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002
[16] 陈水勇,吕一锋.水体富营养化的形成、危害和防治[[J].环境科学与技术, 1999(2):11~15
[17] 章诗芳.饮用水源藻类污染及其防治对策[J].生态科学,2002, 21(3): 284~286
[1] 章宗涉等编著. 淡水浮游生物研究方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983, 345~347
[2] 孙成主编. 环境监测实验[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003, 14~24
[3] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002, 100~257
[4] 周启星等. 环境生物地球化学及全球环境变化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001
[5] 全为民. 千岛湖富营养化评价及其模型应用研究, 浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2002
[6] 陈晓宏等编著. 水环境评价与规划[M]. 广州: 中山大学出版社, 2001, 220-226
[7] 张晟. 三峡水库成库后营养盐与浮游生物量分布. 西南师范大学博士学位论文, 2005, 6, 57-61
[8] 生物监测技术规范编委会. 生物监测技术规范[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1986
[9] 刘清. Rough 集及 Rough 推理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001. 11-38
[10] ChangL. Y. , G. Y. Wang, Y. Wu. An approach for attribute reduction and rule generation based on rough set theory[J]. ChineseJ. Software, 1999, 10: 1206-1211
[11] LinT. Y. Granular fuzzy sets: A view from rough set and probability theories[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 2001, 3(2): 373-381
[12] 吴义锋等. 水体富营养化驱动因子粗糙分析[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2005, 12(4): 11-14
[13] 郭培章等. 中外水体富营养化治理案例研究[M]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2003, 348-375
[14] 李如忠等. 巢湖流域非点源营养物控制对策研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(1): 119-122
[15] 张之源等. 巢湖营养化状况评价及水质恢复探讨[J]. 环境科学研究, 1999, 12(5): 45-48
[16] 王明翠等. 湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J]. 中国环境监测, 2002, 18(5): 47-49
[17] 张思冲等. 营养度指数法在寒地湖泊富营养化评价中的应用[J]. 哈工大学报, 2003, 35(4): 416-419
[18] 蔡熠东等. 水质富营养化程度的人工神经网络决策模型[J]. 中国环境科学, 1995, 15(2): 123
[19] 胡著邦等. 模糊评价法在湖泊富营养化评价中的应用[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2202, 21(6): 53-536
[20] 金相灿. 中国湖泊环境(第二册)[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1995, 150-197
[21] 王化可等. 芜湖市镜湖水体富营养化特征分析及生态修复探讨[J]. 水土保持研究, 2006, 13(4): 271-273
[22] 田贵全. 大气环境质量评价的判别分析法[J]. 环境科学研究, 1996, 9(3): 45~47
[1] 周玉松等. 城市污泥重金属监测控制[J].环境卫生工程, 2005, 13(6); 9-11
[2] 曲久辉.我国水体复合污染与控制[J].科学对社会的影响, 2000(1):36-40
[3] 孙成主编. 环境监测实验[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2003, 14~24
[4] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002, 100~257
[5] 杨持. 生态学实验与实习[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2003, 8-10
[6] Dean W E. The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics inlake sediments [J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 1999, 21(4):375-393
[7] 陈敬安等. 湖泊现代沉积物碳环境记录研究[J]. 中国科学(D 辑), 2002, 32(1):73-80
[8] Kristensen E, Blackburn T H. The fate of organic carbon and nitrogen in experimental marine sediment systems:influence ofbioturbation and anoxia [J]. J. Mar. Rew. , 1987, 45:231-257
[9] 肖化云等. 湖泊外源氮输入与内源氮释放辨析[J]. 中国科学(D 辑), 2003, 33(6):576-582
[10] 孟紫强. 环境毒理学基础[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2003, 210-245
[11] 王瑞贤等. 东山湾表层沉积物中 8 项化学要素的地球化学特征[J]. 台湾海峡, 1992, 11(3):197-202
[12] 金相灿. 沉积物污染化学[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1992, 245-250
[13] ForstnerU. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences(Contaminated Sediments) [M]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 1989, 107-109
[14] 阎伍玖等. 芜湖城市效区土壤重金属污染危害及其对策研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2000, 37(1):136-141
[15] 简敏菲等.都阳湖水土环境及其水生维管束植物重金属污染的研究[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(6):589-593
[16] 陈静生等. 水体金属污染潜在危害:应用沉积学方法评价[J]. 环境科技, 1989, 9(1); 16-25
[17] Lars Hakanson. An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control-A Sediment Logical Approach[J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8):975-986
[1] 王如松等. 城市生态调控方法[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2000
[2] 周启星等. 环境生物地球化学及全球环境变化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001
[3] Zhou Qi xing, Gibson C E, Foy R H. Long-term changes of nitrogen and Phosphorus loadings toa large lake in north-west Ireland[J]. Water Research, 2000, 34(3): 922~926
[4] 段水旺等. 长江下游氮磷含量变化及输送量的估计[J]. 环境科学, 2000, 21(1): 53~56
[5] 况琪军等. 汉江中下游江段藻类现状调查及水华成因分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2000, 9(1): 65~69
[6] 陈利顶等. 农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制[J]. 环境科学, 2000, 21(3): 98~100
[7] 张国勋等. 杭州西湖富营养化防治最佳运行方式探讨[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2000, 22(1): 35~36
[8] 吴为梁. 滇池富营养化与藻类资源[J]. 云南环境科学, 2000, 19(1): 35~37
[9] Zhou Qi xing, Gibson C E, ZhuYin mei. Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability In sediments of there contrasting lakes in China and the UK[J]. Chemosphere, 2001, 42(2): 221~225
[10] Livingston R L. Eutrophication Process in Coastal Systems: Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production[M]. BocaRaton: Lew is Publishers, Inc. , 2000. 352
[11] ArhonditsisG, Eleftheriadou M, Karydis M, Tsirtsis G. Eutrophication risk assessment in Coastal embayments using simple statistical models[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 46(9): 1174~1178
[12] StromT E, KlavenessD. Hunnebotn: a seawater basintrans formed by natural and Anthropogenic processes[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003, 56(5): 1177~1185
[13] 东野脉兴. 湖泊中磷的循环与沉积作用[J]. 化工矿产地质, 1996, 18(4):258~262
[14] HazeldenJ, BoormanLA. The role of soil and vegetation processes in the control of organic and Mineral fluxesin some western European salt marsh[J]. Journal of Coasta Research, 1999, 15: 15-31
[15] 吴莹等. 营养盐(氮, 磷)在湿地中的迁移与循环[J]. 海洋科学, 2004, 28(3): 69-72
[16] LundLJ, HorneAJ, WilliamsAE. Estimating denitrification in a large constructed wetland using stable nitrogen isotope ratios[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2000, 14: 67-76
[17] 金相灿. 湖泊富营养化控制与管理技术[M]. 北京化学工业出版社, 2001, 1~6
[18] 张巍等. 太湖水质指标相关性与富营养化特征分析[J], 环境污染与防, 2002, 24(1): 50~53
[19] 周启星等. 某城市湖泊中磷的循环特征及富营养化发生潜势[J]. 环境科学, 2004, 25(5): 138~142
[20] 孙文爽等. 多元统计分析[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1994, 336~383.
[21] 司友斌等. 香根草对富营养化水体净化效果研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2): 277~279
[1] 王化可, 陈发扬. 富营养化水体底泥污染控制及生物修复技术探讨[J]. 能源与环境, 2006, 1, 15-18
[2] 郑曦, 刘登义. 镜湖富营养化污染及其治理的初步研究 II—镜湖水体污染现状评述[J]. 安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 23(3):269-272
[3] 司友斌, 包军杰等. 香根草对富营养化水体净化效果研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2):277-279
[4] 郑曦, 刘登义. 镜湖富营养化污染及其治理的初步研究——底泥氮磷及入湖污水对富营养化的影响[J]. 徐州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 17(2):54~56