“5.12”地震活动断裂水文地质特征及其对地下水系统划分的影响研究
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摘要
论文以彭州市小鱼洞地区为例,通过氡气测量、直流充电法流速流向试验及渗水试验等手段,对“5.12”地震后小鱼洞活动断裂水文地质特征及活动断裂影响下的小鱼洞地区地下水流动系统进行了分析,研究结果表明:
小鱼洞活动断裂带及上下两盘渗透系数及导水能力受断裂带影响均异常于原来相对均匀地下水含水(透水)介质;小鱼洞断裂及上下两盘渗透系数发生相对变化,断层的渗透系数及导水能力可能大于上下两盘,也可能小于上下两盘;小鱼洞断裂带并没有形成明显的阻水作用,上下盘之间、上下盘与断层之间、浅层地下水与深部地下水之间水力联系均较好;受小鱼洞活动断裂影响,断裂带中心位置及上下盘降雨入渗补给能力、断裂带及周围裂隙发育区地下水径流强度均发生变化;小鱼洞活动断裂改变了断裂带及其附近地下水补给、径流、排泄条件,进而改变了地下水系统的局部流场,小鱼洞断裂带起到集水廊道、导水通道的作用;
“5.12”地震后,小鱼洞地下水流动系统存在区域地下水流动系统和局部地下水流动系统。区域地下水流动系统接受大气降水、灌溉水入渗垂向补给,以及山区基岩裂隙水侧向补给,然后以侧向近水平径流方式向河流运动;上游局部流动系统由降雨、灌溉水补给,在垂向入渗至含水层后,迅速运移直到小鱼洞断裂处,通过小鱼洞断裂的导水通道作用进入深部循环或者运移至下游;下游局部地下水流动系统,补给来源为大气降水和断裂带中水,运移至河流。总体来讲,小鱼洞地区地下水水系统相对完整,小鱼洞地区浅层地下水区域流动系统受地形的控制,主要由山前补给区向河流排泄区汇流,局部受断裂影响,形成新的补给与排泄通道。
A active fault was developed by Wenchuan earthquake in Xiaoyudong area at 12th May, 2008.Hydrogeological characteristics of the active fault and groundwater system affected by the active fault were analyzed by radon measurement test, the flow velocity of the electrical method means test and leakage test. And some conclusions were showed as follows:
The active fault, whose permeability coefficient and hydraulic conductivity are different from the original groundwater aquifer media, is banded distribution. Permeability coefficients among the hanging wall and the footwall of the fault and the fault itself are changed by the fault. The fault permeability and conductivity of water capacity may be greater or smaller than the hanging wall and footwall. Fault in Xiaoyudong is not acting as a barrier to flow, but act as a pathway between hanging wall and footwall, between inner of the fault and the hanging wall and footwall, and between shallow groundwater and deep groundwater. However, the recharge ,flow, discharge of the groundwater in and near the fault, and finally the local groundwater flow characteristics are affected by the fault. Xiaoyudong active fault plays the role of catchment channel and pathway to flow.
Affected by the fault after Wenchuan earthquake, groundwater system in Xiaoyudong can be divided into regional groundwater flow system and local groundwater flow systems. Regional groundwater flow system is recharged by atmospheric precipitation, vertical infiltration of irrigation, and the mountain bedrock fracture water, then the groundwater flow moves to the river horizontally. One of the local flow system is recharged by rainfall and irrigation, infiltrating vertically to the aquifer, then flow to the discharge area, the fault zone, and finally transports to deep circulation. Another local flow system is mainly recharged by the fault zone, rainfall and irrigation water, and discharges to the stream. Overall, the shallow groundwater flow system in Xiaoyudong area is affected by topography, it transports mainly from higher terrain to lower terrain, and then discharges into the river, a new recharge and drainage channel was developed in original groundwater system.
小鱼洞活动断裂带及上下两盘渗透系数及导水能力受断裂带影响均异常于原来相对均匀地下水含水(透水)介质;小鱼洞断裂及上下两盘渗透系数发生相对变化,断层的渗透系数及导水能力可能大于上下两盘,也可能小于上下两盘;小鱼洞断裂带并没有形成明显的阻水作用,上下盘之间、上下盘与断层之间、浅层地下水与深部地下水之间水力联系均较好;受小鱼洞活动断裂影响,断裂带中心位置及上下盘降雨入渗补给能力、断裂带及周围裂隙发育区地下水径流强度均发生变化;小鱼洞活动断裂改变了断裂带及其附近地下水补给、径流、排泄条件,进而改变了地下水系统的局部流场,小鱼洞断裂带起到集水廊道、导水通道的作用;
“5.12”地震后,小鱼洞地下水流动系统存在区域地下水流动系统和局部地下水流动系统。区域地下水流动系统接受大气降水、灌溉水入渗垂向补给,以及山区基岩裂隙水侧向补给,然后以侧向近水平径流方式向河流运动;上游局部流动系统由降雨、灌溉水补给,在垂向入渗至含水层后,迅速运移直到小鱼洞断裂处,通过小鱼洞断裂的导水通道作用进入深部循环或者运移至下游;下游局部地下水流动系统,补给来源为大气降水和断裂带中水,运移至河流。总体来讲,小鱼洞地区地下水水系统相对完整,小鱼洞地区浅层地下水区域流动系统受地形的控制,主要由山前补给区向河流排泄区汇流,局部受断裂影响,形成新的补给与排泄通道。
A active fault was developed by Wenchuan earthquake in Xiaoyudong area at 12th May, 2008.Hydrogeological characteristics of the active fault and groundwater system affected by the active fault were analyzed by radon measurement test, the flow velocity of the electrical method means test and leakage test. And some conclusions were showed as follows:
The active fault, whose permeability coefficient and hydraulic conductivity are different from the original groundwater aquifer media, is banded distribution. Permeability coefficients among the hanging wall and the footwall of the fault and the fault itself are changed by the fault. The fault permeability and conductivity of water capacity may be greater or smaller than the hanging wall and footwall. Fault in Xiaoyudong is not acting as a barrier to flow, but act as a pathway between hanging wall and footwall, between inner of the fault and the hanging wall and footwall, and between shallow groundwater and deep groundwater. However, the recharge ,flow, discharge of the groundwater in and near the fault, and finally the local groundwater flow characteristics are affected by the fault. Xiaoyudong active fault plays the role of catchment channel and pathway to flow.
Affected by the fault after Wenchuan earthquake, groundwater system in Xiaoyudong can be divided into regional groundwater flow system and local groundwater flow systems. Regional groundwater flow system is recharged by atmospheric precipitation, vertical infiltration of irrigation, and the mountain bedrock fracture water, then the groundwater flow moves to the river horizontally. One of the local flow system is recharged by rainfall and irrigation, infiltrating vertically to the aquifer, then flow to the discharge area, the fault zone, and finally transports to deep circulation. Another local flow system is mainly recharged by the fault zone, rainfall and irrigation water, and discharges to the stream. Overall, the shallow groundwater flow system in Xiaoyudong area is affected by topography, it transports mainly from higher terrain to lower terrain, and then discharges into the river, a new recharge and drainage channel was developed in original groundwater system.
引文
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