阶梯水平井轨道设计及套管下入计算
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摘要
大庆肇州油田位于大庆长垣以外肇州县境内,根据其储量具有丰度低、储层厚度薄的特点,普遍采用阶梯水平井开采。阶梯水平井是在常规水平井基础上发展起来的一种特殊水平井,其水平段可在垂直剖面上多次升降,穿越不同深度的油层,也可在同一深度的水平面内多次穿越不同方向的油层。为了解决该油田的水平井的轨道设计平滑性差,导致钻井摩阻力增加,和套管下入困难的问题提分两段设计的思想,用非线性数学规划理论对阶梯水平井第一靶点以上轨道建立了轨道设计数学模型。对于阶梯水平段轨道设计考虑了钻具造斜性能,根据钻遇油气层的特性,提出用两段空间曲线型轨迹形式分别对阶梯水平段进行铅垂面内的升降设计、水平面内的绕障碍设计或空间定目标设计建立设计模型,得到的光滑井眼轨道。着重考虑套管与井壁的接触问题,将套管下入时的管柱力学问题,归结为接触和几何非线性问题,建立了整体套管串力学计算的有限元模型,并编制了软件,进行了套管串通过能力评价和套管居中度分析。本文研究成果使阶梯水平井钻井设计更为科学、合理,钻井施工有了理论和技术上的保证,填补了大庆油田阶梯水平井钻井完井技术上的空白。
Daqing Zhao Zhou Oil Field locates in outside of Daqing Placanticline. Based on its reserve features of low abundance and slight thickness, this field is exploited universally with stepped horizontal well. Stepped horizontal well is a special kind which originates from conventional horizontal well. Its horizontal part can fluctuate many times on vertical profile and pass through different depth of oil layer, and can also pass through the different directions of oil layer in the identical depth horizontal plane for many times. In order to decline friction resistance as a result of low smoothness, the thought that two-stage track design is proposed. The part of the track above the first target spot is designed with mathematical model based on nonlinear programming (NLP), while connecting part of two tracks separately penetrating two horizontal oil layers, consists of two smooth curves. According to features of deflecting tools and relative position of two oil layers, vertical track model, horizontal circumvention track model and targeting track model are built to obtain a smooth well track. In the view of contact between casing string and sidewall, mechanical problem in the process of casing running is abstracted to contact nonlinear and geometric nonlinear problem. So, a finite element model of holistic casing string is established, and in light of this model, a software is programmed used to evaluate casing throughput capacity and analysis casing centrality. The achievement of this paper makes the design of stepped horizontal well track more scientific and reasonable, and supplies a gap in the design of stepped horizontal well track in Daqing Oil Field.
Daqing Zhao Zhou Oil Field locates in outside of Daqing Placanticline. Based on its reserve features of low abundance and slight thickness, this field is exploited universally with stepped horizontal well. Stepped horizontal well is a special kind which originates from conventional horizontal well. Its horizontal part can fluctuate many times on vertical profile and pass through different depth of oil layer, and can also pass through the different directions of oil layer in the identical depth horizontal plane for many times. In order to decline friction resistance as a result of low smoothness, the thought that two-stage track design is proposed. The part of the track above the first target spot is designed with mathematical model based on nonlinear programming (NLP), while connecting part of two tracks separately penetrating two horizontal oil layers, consists of two smooth curves. According to features of deflecting tools and relative position of two oil layers, vertical track model, horizontal circumvention track model and targeting track model are built to obtain a smooth well track. In the view of contact between casing string and sidewall, mechanical problem in the process of casing running is abstracted to contact nonlinear and geometric nonlinear problem. So, a finite element model of holistic casing string is established, and in light of this model, a software is programmed used to evaluate casing throughput capacity and analysis casing centrality. The achievement of this paper makes the design of stepped horizontal well track more scientific and reasonable, and supplies a gap in the design of stepped horizontal well track in Daqing Oil Field.
引文
[1] 冯志明,颉金玲. 阶梯水平井钻井技术[J],石油钻采工艺,2000,22(5):22-26
[2] 吴敬涛,王振光,崔洪祥. 两口阶梯式水平井的设计与施工,石油钻探技术,1997,25(2):2-4
[3] 《钻井手册(甲方)》编写组. 钻井工艺手册(甲方),石油工业出版社,1990
[4] Johancsik C.A.etc. Torque and Drag in Directional Well-Prediction and Measurment.JPT,June 1984
[5] He X. etc. Interactions between Torque and Helical Buckling in Drilling. SPE 30521, 1995
[6] Payne M.L.etc. Advanced Torque-and-Drag Consideration in Extended-reach Wells. SPE 35102,1997
[7] 帅健,吕英明.建立在钻柱受力变形分析基础之上的钻柱摩阻分析[J],石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):25-29
[8] 王建军等. 水平井钻柱接触摩擦阻力解析分析[J].石油机械,1995,23(4):44-46,50
[9] 郭永峰,吕英明.水平井钻柱摩阻力几何非线性分析研究[J],石油钻采工艺,1996,18(2):14-17
[10] Ho H.S. An improved Modeling Program for Computing the Torque and Drag in Directional and Deep Wells.SPE 18047,1987
[11] 马善洲,韩志勇. 水平井钻柱摩阻力和摩阻力矩的计算[J],石油大学学报,1996,20(6):24-28
[12] 苏华,张学鸿等.钻柱力学发展综述之二:钻柱静力学[J],大庆石油学报,1994,18(1):43-51
[13] Lubinski A.A Study of buckling of Rotary drilling.Drilling and Production Practice,1951:178-214
[14] 于永南,韩志勇.斜直井眼中钻柱屈曲的研究[J],力学与实践,1997,19(5):17-19
[15] 白家祉,黄惠泽,刘玉石.纵横弯曲法对钻具组合的三维分析[J],石油学报,1989, 10(2):60~66
[16] Ho.H.S. General Formulation of Drilling under Large Deformation and Its Use in BHA Analysis.SPE15562
[17] Millheim K. K.,etal. Bottom-Hole AssemblyAnalysis Using the Finite-Element Method.JPT,Feb.1978
[18] LIU Ju-bao, Ding Hao-jiang, Zhang Xue-hong. Application of gap element to nonlinear mechanics analysis of drillstring[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, 2002,3(4)
[19] 陈开明. 《非线性规划/大学应用数学丛书》[B],复旦大学出版社,1991
[20] 陈宝林. 《最优化理论与算法》[B],清华大学出版社,2002
[21] 高健. 机械优化设计基础[B],科学出版社,2000
[22] 刘修善. 井眼轨迹的平均井眼曲率计算[J],石油钻采工艺,2005,27(5):11-15
[23] 王礼学,陈卫东,贾昭清. 井眼轨迹计算新方法[J],天然气工业,2003,23(增刊):57-59
[24] 谢学明,崔云海. 三维“Z”形斜面圆弧井眼轨迹控制技术[J],江汉石油职工大学学报,2007,20(2):39-41
[25] 刘巨保,罗敏. 井筒内旋转管柱动力学分析[J],力学与实践,2005,27(4):39-41
[26] 于振东,李艳. 试油测试射孔管柱的间隙元分析[J],应用力学学报,2003,20(1):73-77
[27] 干洪. 梁的弹塑性大挠度数值分析[J],应用数学和力学,2000,21(6):633-639
[28] 魏建东. 预应力钢桁架结构分析中的摩擦滑移索单元[J],计算力学学报 2006,2(36):800-805
[29] 陈勇,练章华,易浩等. 套管钻井中套管屈曲变形的有限元分析[J],石油机械,2006,34(9):22-24
[30] 刘永辉,付建红,林元华等. 弯外壳螺杆钻具在套管内通过能力的有限元分析[J],钻采工艺,2006,29(6):8-9
[31] Kenneth R. Newman, CTES. L.P. Finite Element Analysis of Coiled Tubing Forces[J], SPE89502, 2004
[32] 刘学峰. 确定斜井起下管柱摩擦力的三维力学模型[J],江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(4):161-163
[33] Pasley P R, Friedman M B. The stability of a circular rod laterally constrained to be in contact with an inclined circular cylinder [J]·J Ap-plied mech,1964, (12):167-172
[34] 陈庭根,管志川. 钻井工程理论与技术[M],东营:石油大学出版社,2000,170-171
[35] 张东海,杨瑞民,刘翠红. TK112H 深层水平井固井技术[J],断块油气田,2004,11(3):73-74
[36] 廖华林,丁岗. 大位移井套管柱摩阻模型的建立及其应用,石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):29-38
[37] 徐苏欣,段勇,雒维国. 大位移井下套管受力分析和计算[J],西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2001,16(4):72-88
[38] Coifmem R,Weiss G. Extension of hardy spaces and their use in analysis[J],Bull Amer Math Soc,1977,83:569-645
[39] 齐月魁,徐学军,李洪俊等. BPX3X1 大位移井下套管摩阻预测[J],石油钻采工艺,2005,27(增刊):11-13
[40] 高德利,覃成锦,李文勇. 南海西江大位移井摩阻和扭矩数值分析研究[J],石油钻采工艺,2003,25(5):7-12
[41] 王珊,刘修善,周大千. 井眼轨迹的空间挠曲形态[J],大庆石油学院学报,1993,17(3):32-36
[42] 陶世平. 提高大斜度井固井质量的方法[J],钻井液与完井液,1999,16(4):14-17
[2] 吴敬涛,王振光,崔洪祥. 两口阶梯式水平井的设计与施工,石油钻探技术,1997,25(2):2-4
[3] 《钻井手册(甲方)》编写组. 钻井工艺手册(甲方),石油工业出版社,1990
[4] Johancsik C.A.etc. Torque and Drag in Directional Well-Prediction and Measurment.JPT,June 1984
[5] He X. etc. Interactions between Torque and Helical Buckling in Drilling. SPE 30521, 1995
[6] Payne M.L.etc. Advanced Torque-and-Drag Consideration in Extended-reach Wells. SPE 35102,1997
[7] 帅健,吕英明.建立在钻柱受力变形分析基础之上的钻柱摩阻分析[J],石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):25-29
[8] 王建军等. 水平井钻柱接触摩擦阻力解析分析[J].石油机械,1995,23(4):44-46,50
[9] 郭永峰,吕英明.水平井钻柱摩阻力几何非线性分析研究[J],石油钻采工艺,1996,18(2):14-17
[10] Ho H.S. An improved Modeling Program for Computing the Torque and Drag in Directional and Deep Wells.SPE 18047,1987
[11] 马善洲,韩志勇. 水平井钻柱摩阻力和摩阻力矩的计算[J],石油大学学报,1996,20(6):24-28
[12] 苏华,张学鸿等.钻柱力学发展综述之二:钻柱静力学[J],大庆石油学报,1994,18(1):43-51
[13] Lubinski A.A Study of buckling of Rotary drilling.Drilling and Production Practice,1951:178-214
[14] 于永南,韩志勇.斜直井眼中钻柱屈曲的研究[J],力学与实践,1997,19(5):17-19
[15] 白家祉,黄惠泽,刘玉石.纵横弯曲法对钻具组合的三维分析[J],石油学报,1989, 10(2):60~66
[16] Ho.H.S. General Formulation of Drilling under Large Deformation and Its Use in BHA Analysis.SPE15562
[17] Millheim K. K.,etal. Bottom-Hole AssemblyAnalysis Using the Finite-Element Method.JPT,Feb.1978
[18] LIU Ju-bao, Ding Hao-jiang, Zhang Xue-hong. Application of gap element to nonlinear mechanics analysis of drillstring[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, 2002,3(4)
[19] 陈开明. 《非线性规划/大学应用数学丛书》[B],复旦大学出版社,1991
[20] 陈宝林. 《最优化理论与算法》[B],清华大学出版社,2002
[21] 高健. 机械优化设计基础[B],科学出版社,2000
[22] 刘修善. 井眼轨迹的平均井眼曲率计算[J],石油钻采工艺,2005,27(5):11-15
[23] 王礼学,陈卫东,贾昭清. 井眼轨迹计算新方法[J],天然气工业,2003,23(增刊):57-59
[24] 谢学明,崔云海. 三维“Z”形斜面圆弧井眼轨迹控制技术[J],江汉石油职工大学学报,2007,20(2):39-41
[25] 刘巨保,罗敏. 井筒内旋转管柱动力学分析[J],力学与实践,2005,27(4):39-41
[26] 于振东,李艳. 试油测试射孔管柱的间隙元分析[J],应用力学学报,2003,20(1):73-77
[27] 干洪. 梁的弹塑性大挠度数值分析[J],应用数学和力学,2000,21(6):633-639
[28] 魏建东. 预应力钢桁架结构分析中的摩擦滑移索单元[J],计算力学学报 2006,2(36):800-805
[29] 陈勇,练章华,易浩等. 套管钻井中套管屈曲变形的有限元分析[J],石油机械,2006,34(9):22-24
[30] 刘永辉,付建红,林元华等. 弯外壳螺杆钻具在套管内通过能力的有限元分析[J],钻采工艺,2006,29(6):8-9
[31] Kenneth R. Newman, CTES. L.P. Finite Element Analysis of Coiled Tubing Forces[J], SPE89502, 2004
[32] 刘学峰. 确定斜井起下管柱摩擦力的三维力学模型[J],江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(4):161-163
[33] Pasley P R, Friedman M B. The stability of a circular rod laterally constrained to be in contact with an inclined circular cylinder [J]·J Ap-plied mech,1964, (12):167-172
[34] 陈庭根,管志川. 钻井工程理论与技术[M],东营:石油大学出版社,2000,170-171
[35] 张东海,杨瑞民,刘翠红. TK112H 深层水平井固井技术[J],断块油气田,2004,11(3):73-74
[36] 廖华林,丁岗. 大位移井套管柱摩阻模型的建立及其应用,石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):29-38
[37] 徐苏欣,段勇,雒维国. 大位移井下套管受力分析和计算[J],西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2001,16(4):72-88
[38] Coifmem R,Weiss G. Extension of hardy spaces and their use in analysis[J],Bull Amer Math Soc,1977,83:569-645
[39] 齐月魁,徐学军,李洪俊等. BPX3X1 大位移井下套管摩阻预测[J],石油钻采工艺,2005,27(增刊):11-13
[40] 高德利,覃成锦,李文勇. 南海西江大位移井摩阻和扭矩数值分析研究[J],石油钻采工艺,2003,25(5):7-12
[41] 王珊,刘修善,周大千. 井眼轨迹的空间挠曲形态[J],大庆石油学院学报,1993,17(3):32-36
[42] 陶世平. 提高大斜度井固井质量的方法[J],钻井液与完井液,1999,16(4):14-17