基于热流固耦合注水地层及套管损坏分析
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摘要
在石油开采和钻井过程中,渗流、应力以及温度的相互耦合作用是影响油田开采的重要因素,三者的相互作用和相互关系构成了热流固耦合的基本关系。近年来,我国油田套损井数呈急剧上升趋势,像大庆油田、吉林油田和胜利油田等都发生了不同程度的套损。据统计,90 %以上的套损问题与现代地应力、流体压力和温度有直接或间接的关系,套管井损坏问题是提高原油产量以及降低成本的主要问题。因此研究注水地层流体压力和地应力以及温度对于防止套损具有重要的现实意义。注水地层在热—流—固耦合的过程中,温度、液体、岩层三者之间通过压强、位移、时间建立了一种耦合的关系。温度与流体压力导致岩层变形;岩层变形与流体渗流导致温度变化;岩层变形与温度导致储渗特性和孔隙流体压力的改变从而影响流体渗流。
本文利用循序渐进的方法,从二维弹性和弹塑性以及三维弹性和弹塑性出发,综合研究注水地层在热流固耦合作用下的变形情况。将渗透率、孔隙度、密度等这些量看成是随时间和压强变化的物理量,在连续性方程、能量方程和运动方程的基础上,建立了热流固耦合的数学模型。即变形场和温度场耦合作用下的渗流场控制方程;渗流场和温度场作用下的变形方程;渗流场和变形场作用下的温度控制方程。在此基础上,推导了热流固耦合问题的弱解形式,并通过有限元软件,对二维和三维不同情况下热流固耦合注水地层的变形情况进行了模拟和仿真。仿真的结果表明:油田套管的变形与损坏和注水地层的热流固耦合作用有着密切的关系;由于在注水驱油过程中,在盖层与油层的交结面处地应力变化最大,因此在此处发生套损的概率最大;对于套管本身,射孔段是薄弱环节,也是地应力集中的所在,因此,此处也是易发生套管损坏。论文最后通过对套管模型变形的分析,提出了油田套管的设计缺陷以及防止套损的措施。
In oil exploration and drilling process,seepage, stress and temperature are the important factor influencing oilfields mining, whose interaction and the relationship between the thermal-hydrological-mechanical(THM) coupling constitute the basic relations. In recent years, the number of casing damage well is rising sharply, like daqing oilfield, jilin oilfield and shengli oilfield, etc have happened to the casing damage. According to statistics, 90% above of casing damage problem has a direct or indirect relation with modern geostress. Based on the research of the casing well, we know that the occurrence of casing damage has the a relation with rock, fluid and temperature interaction. So reserching the fluid pressure and stress and temperature of the water injection formation is quite important to prevent casing damage. So the water injection formation will be quite important in the process of THM coupling.
In this paper, from 2-dimensional elasticity and plasticity and 3d elastic and elastoplastic, we research the formation in water comprehensivly. We see the permeability and porosity, density and so on as the physical quantities which change with the time and pressure. On the basis of the equation of continuity, energy equation and motion equation , we establish the mathematical model of THM coupling. Namely: the seepage control equations under the distortion field and temperature field; the deformation equation under the seepage field and temperature field; the temperature control equations under the seepage and distortion field. On this basis, the paper derives the form weak solution of THM coupling problem. We simulate and simulate the deformation of water injection formation for 2 dimension and 3 dimension. The results of simulation indicate, the casing deformation and damage have a close relationship with the water injection formation of THM coupling effect; In the process of water flooding, because the change of surface stress is the biggest near the cap rock and reservoir, therefore in the probability of casing damage happens here is the largest, so the probability of casing damage is the most. For casing itself, the perforating segment is the weak link and the concentration of geostress. Through the analysis of casing deformation, this paper proposes design flaws and preventing measures for casing damage.
本文利用循序渐进的方法,从二维弹性和弹塑性以及三维弹性和弹塑性出发,综合研究注水地层在热流固耦合作用下的变形情况。将渗透率、孔隙度、密度等这些量看成是随时间和压强变化的物理量,在连续性方程、能量方程和运动方程的基础上,建立了热流固耦合的数学模型。即变形场和温度场耦合作用下的渗流场控制方程;渗流场和温度场作用下的变形方程;渗流场和变形场作用下的温度控制方程。在此基础上,推导了热流固耦合问题的弱解形式,并通过有限元软件,对二维和三维不同情况下热流固耦合注水地层的变形情况进行了模拟和仿真。仿真的结果表明:油田套管的变形与损坏和注水地层的热流固耦合作用有着密切的关系;由于在注水驱油过程中,在盖层与油层的交结面处地应力变化最大,因此在此处发生套损的概率最大;对于套管本身,射孔段是薄弱环节,也是地应力集中的所在,因此,此处也是易发生套管损坏。论文最后通过对套管模型变形的分析,提出了油田套管的设计缺陷以及防止套损的措施。
In oil exploration and drilling process,seepage, stress and temperature are the important factor influencing oilfields mining, whose interaction and the relationship between the thermal-hydrological-mechanical(THM) coupling constitute the basic relations. In recent years, the number of casing damage well is rising sharply, like daqing oilfield, jilin oilfield and shengli oilfield, etc have happened to the casing damage. According to statistics, 90% above of casing damage problem has a direct or indirect relation with modern geostress. Based on the research of the casing well, we know that the occurrence of casing damage has the a relation with rock, fluid and temperature interaction. So reserching the fluid pressure and stress and temperature of the water injection formation is quite important to prevent casing damage. So the water injection formation will be quite important in the process of THM coupling.
In this paper, from 2-dimensional elasticity and plasticity and 3d elastic and elastoplastic, we research the formation in water comprehensivly. We see the permeability and porosity, density and so on as the physical quantities which change with the time and pressure. On the basis of the equation of continuity, energy equation and motion equation , we establish the mathematical model of THM coupling. Namely: the seepage control equations under the distortion field and temperature field; the deformation equation under the seepage field and temperature field; the temperature control equations under the seepage and distortion field. On this basis, the paper derives the form weak solution of THM coupling problem. We simulate and simulate the deformation of water injection formation for 2 dimension and 3 dimension. The results of simulation indicate, the casing deformation and damage have a close relationship with the water injection formation of THM coupling effect; In the process of water flooding, because the change of surface stress is the biggest near the cap rock and reservoir, therefore in the probability of casing damage happens here is the largest, so the probability of casing damage is the most. For casing itself, the perforating segment is the weak link and the concentration of geostress. Through the analysis of casing deformation, this paper proposes design flaws and preventing measures for casing damage.
引文
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[9]刘干斌,郑荣跃,卢正.爆轰荷载作用下球空腔热流固耦合动力响应[J].岩土力学, 2010,31(39):19~921.
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