芦岭煤矿10煤层顶板特征及回采覆岩破坏研究
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摘要
煤层开采后将引起岩层移动与破断,并在岩层中形成采动裂隙,这种裂隙为瓦斯提供了流通通道,瓦斯积聚到一定浓度就会对煤正常安全生产造成影响。瓦斯防治一直是矿山安全生产工作的重中之重。
预防瓦斯突出措施按作用范围来划分,有区域性措施和局部性措施,其中开采保护层是最有效、最经济的区域性预防瓦斯突出的技术措施。保护层开采后会引起被保护层应力释放,透气性增大,这样煤层中富集的吸附态的瓦斯就会被解放出来,瓦斯压力也将显著降低,这样就可以有效防止煤与瓦斯突出事故发生由“三带”理论可知,岩层在采动扰动条件下自下而上会产生冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲下沉带,其中瓦斯流通通道主要分布在裂隙带内,所以往往在裂隙带内设置瓦斯抽排巷拦截抽放巷上部煤层流入的瓦斯以及开采层采空区的瓦斯,因此在开采保护层的基础上配合瓦斯抽排巷将更为有效地抽排煤层解吸出来的瓦斯。
芦岭煤矿位于安徽省宿州市东南20余公里处,该矿井年产原煤近230万吨。历年来瓦斯鉴定结果为突出矿,尤其是8煤层瓦斯涌出量大,煤与瓦斯突出危险性大。芦岭煤矿距离8煤层底板50m左右的10煤层是8煤层的下保护层。然而,10煤层在井田范围内为不稳定煤层,厚度变化较大,顶板岩性岩相变化大,煤层间距变化较大,这些都直接影响着10煤层开采覆岩变形及破坏特征,也必然影响着被保护煤层的渗透性及卸压程度。此外10煤层开采覆岩变形及破坏特征是10煤层开采上抽巷及上隅角瓦斯抽放孔的布置参数的选择的重要依据。因此研究10煤层开采覆岩变形及破坏特征对煤矿安全高效生产具有重要意义。
本文结合研究区沉积环境和10煤层赋存条件,从矿井地质构造研究和10煤层顶底板岩石特征及组合特征入手,利用模糊综合评判方法对10煤层顶板进行工程地质分类分区。根据井下钻孔岩芯力学性质测定数据,将开采参数和地质构造作为边界条件,利用RFPA软件分析受采动影响下岩层的破断规律、破断形态、工作面推进过程中上覆岩层的来压特点、煤壁支承压力的变化规律、地层水平移动和垂直下沉变形特征,预测10煤层开采过程中不同区域相应顶板覆岩类型变形及破坏情况。
本文最终将研究区顶板变形破坏类型在平面上分为4个区,并预测不同分区内顶板裂隙发育高度在20～60m不等。
The excavation of coal causes the deformation and destruction of overlying strata and creats fractures which offer channels of gas.The concentration of gas accumulate to some extent,as can induce an affect on the safety of coal mining work.How to avoid the destruction of gas is the most important part of coal mine safety production.
According to the sphere of action,the measures of preventing of gas can be divided into regional and local measures.Excavtion of protecting strata is the most efficient and economic regional method compared to the other measures.The excavation of protecting strata can relieve the stress inside the proected strata and make it gas permeable,so that the adsorbed gas accumulated in the coal seam will be released and the pressure of gas can be reducted considerably,as can prevent gas outburst.As we all know from the "Three Area" Theory that during the exavation,there are caving zong,freatured zone and bentand susidised zone in the strata.The gas circulating channel mainly distribute in the freatured zone,where the gas exhaust laneway are usually installed to intercept the gas from the upper coal seam and the goaf of the mined bed.So the combination of protecting strata and gas exhaust laneway will be more effective in contracting the gas desorbed from the coal seam.
Luling coal mine located about 20 kilometers away in the southeast of Suzhou in Anhui.Its output is up to 2,300,000 tons and it is identified as high-risk gas outbust coal mine,expecially in its 8th coal seam.The 10th coal seam which is about 50m away below the 8th coal seam is specified as the protecting strata.However, the spread of the 10th coal seam whose thcikness, the lithological character and petrofacies of its roof and the distance between 8th coal seam and it is variable is untable.The characteristics discussed above all affect the deformation and desruction of 10th coal seam and the permeablilty and the degree of pressure relief of protected strata.Moreover,the deformation and destruction characteristic of excavated strata is the foundation of identifying the installing parameters of upper gas drainage laneway and upper corner gas drainage hole.So the study on the deformation and destruction characteristic of overlying strata during the excavation of the 10th coal seam is very important to coal mine safe and efficient production.
This paper considered sedimental environment of the studying area and the occurance condition of 10th coal seam,started with studying geologic structures and the characteristics of rock and combination of the overlying and underlying strata of 10th coal seam,divided the overlying strata of 10th coal seam into some engineering geologic zones through the fuzzy comprehensive envaluation method,took the excavating parameters and geologic structure as boundary conditions to analysis the desruction discipline and pattern,characteristic of pressure of overlying strata,regularity for change of coal wall support pressuer,deformation characteristics of strata horizontal movement and vertical subsidence through RFPA on the base of the determination of mechanic datas from drill cores,which comes from studied strata,finally predicted the deformation and destruction of relevant pattern of underlying strata in different zones.
Finally, this paper divided the researching area into four parts in horizontal plane according the characteristic of the deformation of underlying strata and predict that the height of fracture zone developed in the underlying strata of different districts is between 20-60m.
预防瓦斯突出措施按作用范围来划分,有区域性措施和局部性措施,其中开采保护层是最有效、最经济的区域性预防瓦斯突出的技术措施。保护层开采后会引起被保护层应力释放,透气性增大,这样煤层中富集的吸附态的瓦斯就会被解放出来,瓦斯压力也将显著降低,这样就可以有效防止煤与瓦斯突出事故发生由“三带”理论可知,岩层在采动扰动条件下自下而上会产生冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲下沉带,其中瓦斯流通通道主要分布在裂隙带内,所以往往在裂隙带内设置瓦斯抽排巷拦截抽放巷上部煤层流入的瓦斯以及开采层采空区的瓦斯,因此在开采保护层的基础上配合瓦斯抽排巷将更为有效地抽排煤层解吸出来的瓦斯。
芦岭煤矿位于安徽省宿州市东南20余公里处,该矿井年产原煤近230万吨。历年来瓦斯鉴定结果为突出矿,尤其是8煤层瓦斯涌出量大,煤与瓦斯突出危险性大。芦岭煤矿距离8煤层底板50m左右的10煤层是8煤层的下保护层。然而,10煤层在井田范围内为不稳定煤层,厚度变化较大,顶板岩性岩相变化大,煤层间距变化较大,这些都直接影响着10煤层开采覆岩变形及破坏特征,也必然影响着被保护煤层的渗透性及卸压程度。此外10煤层开采覆岩变形及破坏特征是10煤层开采上抽巷及上隅角瓦斯抽放孔的布置参数的选择的重要依据。因此研究10煤层开采覆岩变形及破坏特征对煤矿安全高效生产具有重要意义。
本文结合研究区沉积环境和10煤层赋存条件,从矿井地质构造研究和10煤层顶底板岩石特征及组合特征入手,利用模糊综合评判方法对10煤层顶板进行工程地质分类分区。根据井下钻孔岩芯力学性质测定数据,将开采参数和地质构造作为边界条件,利用RFPA软件分析受采动影响下岩层的破断规律、破断形态、工作面推进过程中上覆岩层的来压特点、煤壁支承压力的变化规律、地层水平移动和垂直下沉变形特征,预测10煤层开采过程中不同区域相应顶板覆岩类型变形及破坏情况。
本文最终将研究区顶板变形破坏类型在平面上分为4个区,并预测不同分区内顶板裂隙发育高度在20～60m不等。
The excavation of coal causes the deformation and destruction of overlying strata and creats fractures which offer channels of gas.The concentration of gas accumulate to some extent,as can induce an affect on the safety of coal mining work.How to avoid the destruction of gas is the most important part of coal mine safety production.
According to the sphere of action,the measures of preventing of gas can be divided into regional and local measures.Excavtion of protecting strata is the most efficient and economic regional method compared to the other measures.The excavation of protecting strata can relieve the stress inside the proected strata and make it gas permeable,so that the adsorbed gas accumulated in the coal seam will be released and the pressure of gas can be reducted considerably,as can prevent gas outburst.As we all know from the "Three Area" Theory that during the exavation,there are caving zong,freatured zone and bentand susidised zone in the strata.The gas circulating channel mainly distribute in the freatured zone,where the gas exhaust laneway are usually installed to intercept the gas from the upper coal seam and the goaf of the mined bed.So the combination of protecting strata and gas exhaust laneway will be more effective in contracting the gas desorbed from the coal seam.
Luling coal mine located about 20 kilometers away in the southeast of Suzhou in Anhui.Its output is up to 2,300,000 tons and it is identified as high-risk gas outbust coal mine,expecially in its 8th coal seam.The 10th coal seam which is about 50m away below the 8th coal seam is specified as the protecting strata.However, the spread of the 10th coal seam whose thcikness, the lithological character and petrofacies of its roof and the distance between 8th coal seam and it is variable is untable.The characteristics discussed above all affect the deformation and desruction of 10th coal seam and the permeablilty and the degree of pressure relief of protected strata.Moreover,the deformation and destruction characteristic of excavated strata is the foundation of identifying the installing parameters of upper gas drainage laneway and upper corner gas drainage hole.So the study on the deformation and destruction characteristic of overlying strata during the excavation of the 10th coal seam is very important to coal mine safe and efficient production.
This paper considered sedimental environment of the studying area and the occurance condition of 10th coal seam,started with studying geologic structures and the characteristics of rock and combination of the overlying and underlying strata of 10th coal seam,divided the overlying strata of 10th coal seam into some engineering geologic zones through the fuzzy comprehensive envaluation method,took the excavating parameters and geologic structure as boundary conditions to analysis the desruction discipline and pattern,characteristic of pressure of overlying strata,regularity for change of coal wall support pressuer,deformation characteristics of strata horizontal movement and vertical subsidence through RFPA on the base of the determination of mechanic datas from drill cores,which comes from studied strata,finally predicted the deformation and destruction of relevant pattern of underlying strata in different zones.
Finally, this paper divided the researching area into four parts in horizontal plane according the characteristic of the deformation of underlying strata and predict that the height of fracture zone developed in the underlying strata of different districts is between 20-60m.
引文
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