甘肃省鹰咀山金矿成矿流体特征与矿床成因研究
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摘要
鹰咀山金矿位于北祁连加里东褶皱带西段，大地构造上处于华北板块、塔里木板块和祁连造山带交汇处。本文以区域成矿学理论为指导，通过流体包裹体地球化学、H-O同位素、S同位素等研究，阐明成矿流体特征及来源，成矿物质来源、矿床成因和成矿模式。获得主要认识如下：
（1）鹰咀山金矿赋存于黑茨沟组中，矿化顶板为板岩，底板岩性较为复杂。矿体产出特征严格受NWW向韧性剪切断裂控制。
（2）鹰咀山金矿石英中的流体包裹体较少且较小，气液比较小。包裹体类型主要有纯气相包裹体、纯液相包裹体和气液两相包裹体。
（3）成矿早期均一温度为145.9～313.9℃，主成矿期均一温度为133.8～259.2℃，成矿后期均一温度为95.8～188.5℃。成矿流体盐度为0.35~6.4%，密度为0.69~0.98g/cm3，压力为6.9~24.1MPa，成矿深度为0.69~2.41km，平均为1.41km。成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度、中-低密度特征，属于浅成成矿环境。
（4）成矿流体气液相成分均以CO2和H2O为主，其次还发育少量的H2S、CH4、H2和N2等组分。
（5）H-O同位素研究表明，成矿流体具有混合来源特征。成矿早期，金成矿流体以岩浆水为主，随着成矿作用进行，大气降水不断混入成矿热液中，而且成矿过程中可能加入了少量的变质水。
（6）Au具有混合来源特征，即深部超基性岩浆侵位为成矿提供了部分成矿物质，成矿流体在上升运移过程中又从围岩中萃取了部分成矿物质。
（7）寒武纪期间鹰嘴山黑茨沟组发育，为金成矿作用提供部分金质来源；奥陶纪，北祁连古大洋向华北板块之下俯冲；志留纪—泥盆纪，中祁连板块与华北板块对接碰撞，形成一系列NWW向韧性剪切断裂，富Au成矿流体沿断裂上升，期间从围岩（黑茨沟组）中萃取了部分成矿物质，随后遭遇板岩的屏蔽阻挡，并与大气降水和少量变质水发生混合，致使Au在板岩与蚀变带的接触带处沉淀富集成矿。矿床隶属于造山型金矿。
Yingzuishan Gold deposit, in the convergence place of Northern China Plate, TarimPlate and Qilian Orogen, is located on the west side of Caledonian Northern QilianOrogen，which is one of the most important Cu-Au ore-forming region of China. Onthe basis of Regional Metallogenic theories, the characteristics of YingzuishanDeposit mineralizing fluid, Au, metallogenetic type and mineralizing model areresearched by Fluid Inclusion, H-O and S isotope geochemistry study. Results are asfollows:
(1) Yingzuishan Gold Deposit is occurred in Heicigou Formation and strictlycontrolled by NWW faults, with the mineralizing roof being slates and the lithologiccharacteristics of backplane being very complicate.
(2) There are little fluid inclusions in quartz, whose diameters and gas/liquid ratios arevery small. The type of fluid inclusions can be subdivided into pure gas inclusions,pure liquid inclusions and gas-liquid inclusions.
(3) The temperatures of the early mineralization phase vary from145.9to313.0℃,the major mineralization phase from133.8to259.2℃, and the later mineralizationphase from95.8to188.5℃. In light to the formula of salinity and density calculation,we can find that the salinity and density of mineralizing fluid are0.35to6.4%, and0.69to0.98g/cm3respectively. According to the salinity and temperature of fluidinclusions, the pressure and depth can be calculated, being6.9to24.1MPa and0.69to2.41km respectively. In general, Yingzuishan Gold Deposit Mineralizing fluids areone of middle-low temperature, low salinity, middle-low density and shallowenvironment.
(4) Both the gas and liquid component of mineralizing fluid are mainly CO2and H2O,with little H2S、CH4、H2and N2.
(5) H-O isotope study shows mineralizing fluid is a kind of mixed hydrothermal fluid.Mineralizing fluids in the early mineralization phase mainly originate from magmaticwaters, and there are some atmospheric waters them in their migrating process.Furthermore, there may be little metamorphic water.
(6) S isotope indicates the intrusions of uitrabasic magma in the deep provide somemetallogenic material and mineralizing fluids extract some Au from host rocks in theirmigrating processes.
(7)In Cambrian, Heicigou Formation may provide some Au for mineralization.Northern Qilian palaeoocean subducted down to Northern China Plate in Ordovician.During Silurian and Devonian, Middle Qilian collided with North China Plate andformed a series of NWW trending faults. Mineralizing fluids migrated upward alongthe faults, extracted some Au from host rocks and mixed with some atmosphericwaters and little metamorphic water after being resisted by the slates. In this process,Au precipitated and concentrated in the alteration zones. Yingzuishan Gold Depositbelongs to orogenic deposits.
（1）鹰咀山金矿赋存于黑茨沟组中，矿化顶板为板岩，底板岩性较为复杂。矿体产出特征严格受NWW向韧性剪切断裂控制。
（2）鹰咀山金矿石英中的流体包裹体较少且较小，气液比较小。包裹体类型主要有纯气相包裹体、纯液相包裹体和气液两相包裹体。
（3）成矿早期均一温度为145.9～313.9℃，主成矿期均一温度为133.8～259.2℃，成矿后期均一温度为95.8～188.5℃。成矿流体盐度为0.35~6.4%，密度为0.69~0.98g/cm3，压力为6.9~24.1MPa，成矿深度为0.69~2.41km，平均为1.41km。成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度、中-低密度特征，属于浅成成矿环境。
（4）成矿流体气液相成分均以CO2和H2O为主，其次还发育少量的H2S、CH4、H2和N2等组分。
（5）H-O同位素研究表明，成矿流体具有混合来源特征。成矿早期，金成矿流体以岩浆水为主，随着成矿作用进行，大气降水不断混入成矿热液中，而且成矿过程中可能加入了少量的变质水。
（6）Au具有混合来源特征，即深部超基性岩浆侵位为成矿提供了部分成矿物质，成矿流体在上升运移过程中又从围岩中萃取了部分成矿物质。
（7）寒武纪期间鹰嘴山黑茨沟组发育，为金成矿作用提供部分金质来源；奥陶纪，北祁连古大洋向华北板块之下俯冲；志留纪—泥盆纪，中祁连板块与华北板块对接碰撞，形成一系列NWW向韧性剪切断裂，富Au成矿流体沿断裂上升，期间从围岩（黑茨沟组）中萃取了部分成矿物质，随后遭遇板岩的屏蔽阻挡，并与大气降水和少量变质水发生混合，致使Au在板岩与蚀变带的接触带处沉淀富集成矿。矿床隶属于造山型金矿。
Yingzuishan Gold deposit, in the convergence place of Northern China Plate, TarimPlate and Qilian Orogen, is located on the west side of Caledonian Northern QilianOrogen，which is one of the most important Cu-Au ore-forming region of China. Onthe basis of Regional Metallogenic theories, the characteristics of YingzuishanDeposit mineralizing fluid, Au, metallogenetic type and mineralizing model areresearched by Fluid Inclusion, H-O and S isotope geochemistry study. Results are asfollows:
(1) Yingzuishan Gold Deposit is occurred in Heicigou Formation and strictlycontrolled by NWW faults, with the mineralizing roof being slates and the lithologiccharacteristics of backplane being very complicate.
(2) There are little fluid inclusions in quartz, whose diameters and gas/liquid ratios arevery small. The type of fluid inclusions can be subdivided into pure gas inclusions,pure liquid inclusions and gas-liquid inclusions.
(3) The temperatures of the early mineralization phase vary from145.9to313.0℃,the major mineralization phase from133.8to259.2℃, and the later mineralizationphase from95.8to188.5℃. In light to the formula of salinity and density calculation,we can find that the salinity and density of mineralizing fluid are0.35to6.4%, and0.69to0.98g/cm3respectively. According to the salinity and temperature of fluidinclusions, the pressure and depth can be calculated, being6.9to24.1MPa and0.69to2.41km respectively. In general, Yingzuishan Gold Deposit Mineralizing fluids areone of middle-low temperature, low salinity, middle-low density and shallowenvironment.
(4) Both the gas and liquid component of mineralizing fluid are mainly CO2and H2O,with little H2S、CH4、H2and N2.
(5) H-O isotope study shows mineralizing fluid is a kind of mixed hydrothermal fluid.Mineralizing fluids in the early mineralization phase mainly originate from magmaticwaters, and there are some atmospheric waters them in their migrating process.Furthermore, there may be little metamorphic water.
(6) S isotope indicates the intrusions of uitrabasic magma in the deep provide somemetallogenic material and mineralizing fluids extract some Au from host rocks in theirmigrating processes.
(7)In Cambrian, Heicigou Formation may provide some Au for mineralization.Northern Qilian palaeoocean subducted down to Northern China Plate in Ordovician.During Silurian and Devonian, Middle Qilian collided with North China Plate andformed a series of NWW trending faults. Mineralizing fluids migrated upward alongthe faults, extracted some Au from host rocks and mixed with some atmosphericwaters and little metamorphic water after being resisted by the slates. In this process,Au precipitated and concentrated in the alteration zones. Yingzuishan Gold Depositbelongs to orogenic deposits.
引文
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Ohmoto H, Rye R O. Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. In:Barnes H L(ed.).Geochemistry of HydrothermalOre Deposits.New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1979:509~567
Ohmoto H. Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits. EconomicGeology,1972,67(5):551~578
Rye R O, Ohmoto H. Sulfur and carbon isotopes and ore genesis: A review. Economic Geology,1974,69:826~842
Schwarcz H P,Burnie S W.Influence of sedimentary environments on sulfur isotope ratios in clasticrocks:A review.Mineralium Deposita,1973,8:264~277
陈晋阳,郑海飞,曾贻善.流体包裹体的喇曼光谱分析进展.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2002，21（2）:133~138
陈衍景,倪培,范宏瑞等.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征.岩石学报,2007,23（9）:2085~2108
陈衍景.造山型矿床、成矿模式及找矿潜力.中国地质,2006,33（6）:1181~1196
丁启幅.车路沟山金控矿条件及找矿方向.甘肃科技,2005,21（11）:110-113
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