提高毛细管电泳灵敏度的新方法研究
|
摘要
高效毛细管电泳(High performance capillary electrophoresis, HPCE)具有分离效率高、分析速度快、运行成本低、样品用量少等优点,在分离科学尤其是生物大分子和微环境样品微量组分的分离测定中得到了广泛关注和迅猛发展,已成为一种重要的现代分离分析技术。但是,CE的进样量仅为纳升级,检测光程一般为几十微米,导致其灵敏度低于液相色谱。因此,发展有效的方法提高CE的灵敏度已成为毛细管电泳的一个重要研究方向。鉴于此,本学位论文在前人工作基础上,围绕提高CE的灵敏度,开展了以下创新性研究工作：
1.将大量样品电动堆积技术与甲醇辅助胶束坍塌诱导的MSS (micelle to solvent stacking)富集技术相结合,建立了一种新的富集技术。该技术可显著提高CE的灵敏度,并可用于富集分离尿液中的小檗碱和茶碱。
2.以NBD-F为衍生试剂,建立了在柱衍生-MEKC-LIF (micellar electrokinetic chromatography-laser induced fluorescence)新方法,并首次将其用于灵敏、快速测定牛奶、奶粉、乳制品饮料和豆浆粉中的羟脯氨酸,据此可判断乳制品中是否含有皮革水解物。
3.制备了可用于CE样品前处理的胍基修饰的磁性纳米颗粒。该纳米颗粒可选择性萃取和富集蛋白质混合溶液中的牛血清白蛋白,显著提高了CE检测牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)的灵敏度。
4.合成了氧化石墨烯-四氧化三铁复合纳米材料,考察了将其作为CE样品前处理中固相萃取吸附剂对葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase, GOx)进行选择性富集的可行性,提高了CE检测葡萄糖氧化酶的灵敏度。
本论文共分为六章：
第一章：对提高毛细管电泳检测灵敏度的方法进行了综述,重点介绍了近年来CE在线富集技术和萃取技术的研究进展和发展趋势。
第二章：将大量样品电动进样堆积技术与甲醇辅助胶束坍塌诱导的MSS技术有机结合,建立了一种新型在线联合富集方法。对方法的富集原理进行了探讨,考察了影响富集效率的各个因素。该方法对小檗碱和茶碱的富集倍数分别为6400和630,塔板数分别为2.9×106/m和6.5×105/m。该方法已成功用于尿液中小檗碱和茶碱的测定。
第三章：以NBD-F为衍生试剂,建立了一种检测乳制品中皮革标记物羟脯氨酸的在柱衍生-MEKC-LIF新方法。该方法可以在7min内完成电泳分离过程,检测限为1.6±0.5ng/mL,已成功用于奶粉、牛奶、乳制品饮料和豆浆粉中羟脯氨酸的检测。
第四章：首次合成了胍基修饰的磁性Fe304纳米颗粒,利用透射电镜、X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、振动样品磁量计和ζ电势仪等手段对其形貌和性质进行了表征,探讨了影响吸附和解吸附效率的因素。将此多功能纳米材料作为固相萃取吸附剂进行样品前处理,可使CE检测BSA的灵敏度提高15倍。
第五章：合成了氧化石墨烯-四氧化三铁(GO-Fe3O4)复合纳米材料,利用透射电镜、红外光谱仪和振动样品磁量计对其进行了表征,考察了其作为CE样品前处理中固相萃取吸附剂的可行性。结果表明,该材料可选择性富集GOx,富集倍数为26,藉此可提高CE检测GOx的灵敏度。此外,首次深入研究了GO-Fe3O4复合材料的类过氧化物酶活性,并将其用于H2O2和葡萄糖的比色法测定,拓展了其在生命分析化学领域内的应用。
第六章：结论
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a liquid phase separation technique with the advantages of high resolution, high effieciency, short analysis time, simplicity, low sample and solvent consumption. The theory and application of CE have proved to be one of the most active research fileds in analytical chemistry. A capillary with smaller inside diameter is preferred for rapid and high-resolution separation by applying higher voltages. However, it is also responsible for the major limitation of the technique. The small detection volume and short optical pathlength typically result in low sensitivity. Development and establishment of novel methods or strategies to overcome the shortcoming are important. In order to improve the sensitivity in CE, the following major innovative researches were carried out in this thesis on the basis of the previous works.
1. Combination of MSS with LASEKSI, a method was developed based on methanol assited micelle collapse for the first time, and it was applied to concentrate the berberine and theophylline in urine sample and higher focusing efficiency was obtained.
2. NBD-F was selected as in-capillary derivatization reagent to label the hydroxyproline, which is marker of college. A simple, rapid and sensitive method was established based on in-capillary derivatization by MEKC-LIF for fully automated detection of hydroxyproline in dairy products for food safety purpose.
3. Guanidine group functionalized Fe3O4nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. The novel nanomaterials were used as solid phase extration material for enrichment of BSA and the sensitivity of CE was improved.
4. Graphene oxide-FesO4nanocomposites (GO-Fe3O4) were proved to be a novel solid phase extraction materials for GOx to improve the sensitivity of CE. In addition, the nanocomposites were exploited their peroxidase-like activity and applied for colorimetric detection of H2O2and glucose.
This dissertation consists of six chapters.
Chapter1:Approaches to improve the sensitivity of CE were briefly described. The recent developments of the methods help address this problem were reviewed.
Chapter2:A new on-line method coupling MSS technique with large amount sample electrokinetic stacking injection (LASEKSI) for the analysis of cationic molecules was established. In this MSS-LASEKSI, an equilibrium state was formed and could be maintained for a long time, leading to the continuous stacking of the analytes on the basis of MSS. Extremely large amount of sample was permitted to be injected and then an improved enrichment fold could be achieved, comparing with the each case. Under the optimized conditions,6.4×103-and6.3×102-fold enrichment in peak heights upon normal CZE method and number of plates of2.9×106and6.5×105/m were attained for berberine and theophylline, respectively. The developed method may provide prospect for exploiting a new concentration technique to achieve higher enrichment factor.
Chapter3:A rapid, sensitive and automated approach for the determination of hydroxyproline (Hyp) by MEKC-LIF was developed for the first time. The new method employed NBD-F as the fluorescent reagent for in-capillary derivatization and the main parameters were discussed. The CE process could be completed within7min and the detection limit for Hyp was1.6±0.5ng/mL. This approach was applied on the analysis of Hyp in milk powder, liquid milk, milk drink and soymilk powder samples for food safety purpose.
Chapter4:Guanidine group functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectra, vibration sample magnetometer and zeta potential analyzer. The novel multifunctional nanoparticles were served as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for easy isolation and preconcentration of acidic protein from aqueous solution. Fifteen-fold enrichement efficiency was achieved and detection limit was45ng/mL for BSA by CE.
Chapter5:Graphene oxide-Fe3O4nanocomposites (GO-Fe3O4) were perepared and characterized. It was found that the GO-Fe3O4nanocomposite can be used as a solid phase sorbent for GOx in CE. The GOx can be enriched for26fold using the nanomaterials and the detection sensitivity of CE was improved. In addition, the nanocomposite was demonstrated to possess intrinsic peroxidase-like activity for the first time, and can be used for colorimetric detection of H2O2and glucose.
Chapter6:Conclusion.
1.将大量样品电动堆积技术与甲醇辅助胶束坍塌诱导的MSS (micelle to solvent stacking)富集技术相结合,建立了一种新的富集技术。该技术可显著提高CE的灵敏度,并可用于富集分离尿液中的小檗碱和茶碱。
2.以NBD-F为衍生试剂,建立了在柱衍生-MEKC-LIF (micellar electrokinetic chromatography-laser induced fluorescence)新方法,并首次将其用于灵敏、快速测定牛奶、奶粉、乳制品饮料和豆浆粉中的羟脯氨酸,据此可判断乳制品中是否含有皮革水解物。
3.制备了可用于CE样品前处理的胍基修饰的磁性纳米颗粒。该纳米颗粒可选择性萃取和富集蛋白质混合溶液中的牛血清白蛋白,显著提高了CE检测牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)的灵敏度。
4.合成了氧化石墨烯-四氧化三铁复合纳米材料,考察了将其作为CE样品前处理中固相萃取吸附剂对葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase, GOx)进行选择性富集的可行性,提高了CE检测葡萄糖氧化酶的灵敏度。
本论文共分为六章：
第一章：对提高毛细管电泳检测灵敏度的方法进行了综述,重点介绍了近年来CE在线富集技术和萃取技术的研究进展和发展趋势。
第二章：将大量样品电动进样堆积技术与甲醇辅助胶束坍塌诱导的MSS技术有机结合,建立了一种新型在线联合富集方法。对方法的富集原理进行了探讨,考察了影响富集效率的各个因素。该方法对小檗碱和茶碱的富集倍数分别为6400和630,塔板数分别为2.9×106/m和6.5×105/m。该方法已成功用于尿液中小檗碱和茶碱的测定。
第三章：以NBD-F为衍生试剂,建立了一种检测乳制品中皮革标记物羟脯氨酸的在柱衍生-MEKC-LIF新方法。该方法可以在7min内完成电泳分离过程,检测限为1.6±0.5ng/mL,已成功用于奶粉、牛奶、乳制品饮料和豆浆粉中羟脯氨酸的检测。
第四章：首次合成了胍基修饰的磁性Fe304纳米颗粒,利用透射电镜、X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、振动样品磁量计和ζ电势仪等手段对其形貌和性质进行了表征,探讨了影响吸附和解吸附效率的因素。将此多功能纳米材料作为固相萃取吸附剂进行样品前处理,可使CE检测BSA的灵敏度提高15倍。
第五章：合成了氧化石墨烯-四氧化三铁(GO-Fe3O4)复合纳米材料,利用透射电镜、红外光谱仪和振动样品磁量计对其进行了表征,考察了其作为CE样品前处理中固相萃取吸附剂的可行性。结果表明,该材料可选择性富集GOx,富集倍数为26,藉此可提高CE检测GOx的灵敏度。此外,首次深入研究了GO-Fe3O4复合材料的类过氧化物酶活性,并将其用于H2O2和葡萄糖的比色法测定,拓展了其在生命分析化学领域内的应用。
第六章：结论
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a liquid phase separation technique with the advantages of high resolution, high effieciency, short analysis time, simplicity, low sample and solvent consumption. The theory and application of CE have proved to be one of the most active research fileds in analytical chemistry. A capillary with smaller inside diameter is preferred for rapid and high-resolution separation by applying higher voltages. However, it is also responsible for the major limitation of the technique. The small detection volume and short optical pathlength typically result in low sensitivity. Development and establishment of novel methods or strategies to overcome the shortcoming are important. In order to improve the sensitivity in CE, the following major innovative researches were carried out in this thesis on the basis of the previous works.
1. Combination of MSS with LASEKSI, a method was developed based on methanol assited micelle collapse for the first time, and it was applied to concentrate the berberine and theophylline in urine sample and higher focusing efficiency was obtained.
2. NBD-F was selected as in-capillary derivatization reagent to label the hydroxyproline, which is marker of college. A simple, rapid and sensitive method was established based on in-capillary derivatization by MEKC-LIF for fully automated detection of hydroxyproline in dairy products for food safety purpose.
3. Guanidine group functionalized Fe3O4nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. The novel nanomaterials were used as solid phase extration material for enrichment of BSA and the sensitivity of CE was improved.
4. Graphene oxide-FesO4nanocomposites (GO-Fe3O4) were proved to be a novel solid phase extraction materials for GOx to improve the sensitivity of CE. In addition, the nanocomposites were exploited their peroxidase-like activity and applied for colorimetric detection of H2O2and glucose.
This dissertation consists of six chapters.
Chapter1:Approaches to improve the sensitivity of CE were briefly described. The recent developments of the methods help address this problem were reviewed.
Chapter2:A new on-line method coupling MSS technique with large amount sample electrokinetic stacking injection (LASEKSI) for the analysis of cationic molecules was established. In this MSS-LASEKSI, an equilibrium state was formed and could be maintained for a long time, leading to the continuous stacking of the analytes on the basis of MSS. Extremely large amount of sample was permitted to be injected and then an improved enrichment fold could be achieved, comparing with the each case. Under the optimized conditions,6.4×103-and6.3×102-fold enrichment in peak heights upon normal CZE method and number of plates of2.9×106and6.5×105/m were attained for berberine and theophylline, respectively. The developed method may provide prospect for exploiting a new concentration technique to achieve higher enrichment factor.
Chapter3:A rapid, sensitive and automated approach for the determination of hydroxyproline (Hyp) by MEKC-LIF was developed for the first time. The new method employed NBD-F as the fluorescent reagent for in-capillary derivatization and the main parameters were discussed. The CE process could be completed within7min and the detection limit for Hyp was1.6±0.5ng/mL. This approach was applied on the analysis of Hyp in milk powder, liquid milk, milk drink and soymilk powder samples for food safety purpose.
Chapter4:Guanidine group functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectra, vibration sample magnetometer and zeta potential analyzer. The novel multifunctional nanoparticles were served as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for easy isolation and preconcentration of acidic protein from aqueous solution. Fifteen-fold enrichement efficiency was achieved and detection limit was45ng/mL for BSA by CE.
Chapter5:Graphene oxide-Fe3O4nanocomposites (GO-Fe3O4) were perepared and characterized. It was found that the GO-Fe3O4nanocomposite can be used as a solid phase sorbent for GOx in CE. The GOx can be enriched for26fold using the nanomaterials and the detection sensitivity of CE was improved. In addition, the nanocomposite was demonstrated to possess intrinsic peroxidase-like activity for the first time, and can be used for colorimetric detection of H2O2and glucose.
Chapter6:Conclusion.
引文
[1]Jorenson, J. W., Lukacs, K. D. Zone electrophoresis in open-tubular glass capillaries [J]. Anal. Chem.1981,53,1298-1302.
[2]傅小芸,吕建德,毛细管电泳,浙江大学出版社,1997.
[3]林炳承,毛细管电泳导论,科学出版社,1996.
[4]胡之德,高效毛细管电泳,兰州大学出版社,1997.
[5]陈义,毛细管电泳技术及应用,化学工业出版社,2000.
[6]Albin M., Grossman, P. D., Moring, S. E. Sensitivity enhancement for capillary electrophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.1993,65,489A-497A.
[7]Tseng, H. M., Li, Y., Barrett, D. A., Bioanalytical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced native fluorescence detection [J]. Bioanalysis 2010,2,1641-1653.
[8]de Kort B. J., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Native fluorescence detection of biomolecular and pharmaceutical compounds in capillary electrophoresis: Detector designs, performance and applications:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2013,766,13-33.
[9]Szoko, E., Tabi, T., Analysis of biological samples by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection[J]. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed.2010,53, 1180-1192.
[10]Yu, H., Xu, X., Sun, J., You, T. Recent progress for capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J]. Cent. Eur. J. Chem.2012,10,639-651.
[11]Mark, J. J. P., Scholz, R, Matysik, F. M. Electrochemical methods in conjunction with capillary and microchip electrophoresis [J], J. Chromatogr. A.2012,1267, 45-64.
[12]Bonvin, G, Schappler, J., Rudaz, S., Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry interfaces:Fundamental concepts and technical developments [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1267,17-31.
[13]Klepamik, K., Recent advances in the combination of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry:From element to single-cell analysis[J]. Electrophoresis 2013,34,70-85.
[14]Breadmore, M. C., Shallan, A. I., Rabanes, H. R., Gstoettenmayr, D., Keyon, A. S. A., Gaspar, A., Dawod, M., Quirino, J. P., Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2010-2012) [J]. Electrophoresis 2013,34,29-54.
[15]Liao, H. W., Lin, S. W., Wu, U. I., Kuo, C. H., Rapid and sensitive determination of posaconazole in patient plasma by capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1226,48-54.
[16]Wang, X., Masschelein, E., Hespel, P., Adams, E., van Schepdael, A., Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in human plasma by on-capillary preconcentration with field-amplified sample stacking [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33,402-405.
[17]Chien, R. L., Burgi, D. S., Field amplified sample injection in high-performance capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr.1991,559,141-152.
[18]Huhn, C., Pyell, U., Diffusion as major source of band broadening in field-amplified sample stacking under negligible electroosmotic flow velocity conditions [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,4476-4486.
[19]Dong, H., Gao, B., Wang, W., Fan, L., Xu, Y, Zhang, X., Cao, C., Experimental study on the determination and degradation of pyoluteorin in soil via CE with soxhlet's extraction and field-amplified sample stacking [J]. Chromatographia 2011,73,609-612.
[20]Wang, H., Lu, Y., Chen, J., Li, J., Liu, S., Subcritical water extraction of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait. and determination by capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking [J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2012,58,146-151.
[21]Chen, M. L., Suo, L. L., Gao, Q., Feng, Y Q., Determination of eight illegal drugs in human urine by combination of magnetic solid-phase extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis[J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2099-2106.
[22]Zhu, H. D., Lv, W., Li, H. H., Ma, Y H., Hu, S. Q., Chen, H. L., Chen, X. G, A novel cross-H-channel interface for flow injection-capillary electrophoresis to reduce sample requirement and improve sensitivity [J]. Analyst 2011,136, 1322-1328.
[23]Wei, F., Fan, J., Zheng, M. M., Feng, Y. Q., Combining poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction and octadecyl phosphonic acid-modified zirconia-coated CEC with field-enhanced sample injection for analysis of antidepressants in human plasma and urine [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,714-723.
[24]Zhang, S., Jiang, C., Jia, L., Tetrabutylammonium phosphate-assisted separation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction products in non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Biochem.2011,408,284-288.
[25]Hai, X., Nauwelaers, T., Busson, R., Adams, E., Hoogmartens, J., Van Schepdael, A., A rapid and sensitive CE method with field-enhanced sample injection and in-capillary derivatization for selenomethionine metabolism catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenases [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3352-3361.
[26]Hou, X., Deng, D., Wu, X., Lv, Y, Zhang, J., Diffusion as major source of band broadening in field-amplified sample stacking under negligible electroosmotic flow velocity conditions [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,5622-5627.
[27]Zhang, H., Gavina, J., Feng, Y. L., Understanding mechanisms of pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection:Application to analysis of bromate, arsenic and selenium species in drinking water by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,3095-3104.
[28]Hwang, P. L., Wei, S. Y, Yeh, H. H., Ko, J. Y, Chang, C. C., Chen, S. H., Simultaneous determination of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole, in plasma by capillary electrophoresis combining on-column field-amplified sample injection and application in schizophrenia [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2778-2786.
[29]Ye, H., Xia, S., Yu, L., Xu, X., Zheng, C., Xu, H., Wang, L., Liu, X., Cai, Z., Chen, G, Solid-phase extraction-field-amplified sample injection coupled with CE-ESI-MS for online pre-concentration and quantitative analysis of brain-gut peptides[J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2823-2829.
[30]He, H. B., Lv, X. X., Yu, Q. W., Feng, Y. Q., Multiresidue determination of (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics in chicken by polymer monolith microextraction and field-amplified sample stacking procedures coupled to CE-UV [J]. Talanta 2010,82,1562-1570.
[31]Xu, L., Basheer, C., Lee, H. K., Solvent-bar microextraction of herbicides combined with non-aqueous field-amplified sample injection capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,6036-6043.
[32]Herrera-Herrera, A. V., Hernandez-Borges, J., Borges-Miquel, T. M., Rodriguez-Delgado, M. A., Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in waters [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3457-3465.
[33]Fang, H., Vickrey, T. L., Venton, B. J., Analysis of biogenic amines in a single drosophila larva brain by capillary electrophoresis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,2258-2264.
[34]Wei, R., Li, W., Yang, L., Jiang, Y, Xie, T., Online preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for sensitive determination of sorbic and benzoic acids in soy sauce[J]. Talanta 2011,83, 1487-1490.
[35]Xiang, Q., Gao, Y, Han, B., Li, J., Xu, Y, Yin, J., Determination of arecoline in areca nut based on field amplification in capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection[J]. Luminescence 2012,28,50-55.
[36]Zhao, Y. P., Lunte, C. E., pH-mediated field amplification on-column preconcentration of anions in physiological samples for capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1999,71,3985-3991.
[37]Weiss, D. J., Saunders, K., Lunte, C. E., pH-Mediated field-amplified sample stacking of pharmaceutical cations in high-ionic strength samples [J]. Electrophoresis 2001,22,59-65.
[38]Arnett, S. D., Lunte, C. E., Investigation of the mechanism of pH-mediated stacking of anions for the analysis of physiological samples by capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2003,24,1745-1752.
[39]Nevedomskaya, E., Ramautar, R., Derks, R., Westbroek, I., Zondag, G, van der Pluijm, I., Deelder, A. M., Mayboroda, O. A., CE-MS for metabolic profiling of volume-limited urine samples:application to accelerated aging TTD mice [J]. J. Proteome Res.2010,9,4869-4874.
[40]Bachmann, S., Bakry, R., Huck, C. W., Polato, F., Corradini, D., Bonn, G. K., Peptide mapping using capillary electrophoresis offline coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2830-2839.
[41]Chien, R. L., Burgi, D. S., Sample stacking of an extremely large injection volume in high-performance capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1992,64, 1046-1050.
[42]Lee, I. S. L., Boyce, M. C., Breadmore, M. C., Extraction and on-line concentration of flavonoids in Brassica oleracea by capillary electrophoresis using large volume sample stacking [J]. Food Chem.2012,133,205-211.
[43]Honegr, J., Safra, J., Polasek, M., Pospisilova, M., Large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching in CE for determination of natural polyphenols in plant extracts [J]. Chromatographia 2010,72,885-891.
[44]Quesada-Molina, C., del Olmo-Iruela, M., Garcia-Campana, A. M., Trace determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water and grape samples by capillary zone electrophoresis using large volume sample stacking[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2010,397,2593-2601.
[45]Bernad, J. O., Damascelli, A., Nunez, O., Galceran, M. T., In-line preconcentration capillary zone electrophoresis for the analysis of haloacetic acids in water [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2123-2130.
[46]Fan, L. Y, He, T., Tang, Y. Y, Zhang, W., Song, C. J., Zhao, X., Zhao, X. Y, Cao, C. X., Sensitive determination of barbiturates in biological matrix by capillary electrophoresis using online large-volume sample stacking [J]. J. Forensic Sci. 2012,57,813-819.
[47]Iqbal, J., Muller, C. E., High-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis method for monitoring purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase reactions by a reversed electrode polarity switching mode[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218, 4764-4771.
[48]Wang, Z., Liu, C., Kang, J., A highly sensitive method for enantioseparation of fenoprofen and amino acid derivatives by capillary electrophoresis with on-line sample preconcentration [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,1775-1779.
[49]Kawai, T., Koino, H., Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Highly sensitive chiral analysis in capillary electrophoresis with large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1246,28-34.
[50]Kawai, T., Watanabe, M., Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Highly sensitive oligosaccharide analysis in capillary electrophoresis using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012, 1232,52-58.
[51]Fukushima, E., Yagi, Y, Yamamoto, S., Nakatani, Y, Kakehi, K., Hayakawa, T., Suzuki, S., Partial filling affinity capillary electrophoresis using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump for sensitive profiling of glycoprotein-derived oligosaccharides[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1246,84-89.
[52]Kawai, T., Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Microchip electrophoresis of oligosaccharides using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump in a single channel [J]. Anal. Chem.2010,82,6504-6511.
[53]Zhang, H., Zhou, L., Chen, X. Improving sensitivity by large-volume sample stacking combined with sweeping without polarity switching by capillary electrophoresis coupled to photodiode array ultraviolet detection [J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29,1556-1564.
[54]Zhang, H. G, Zhu, J. H., Qi, S. D., Yan, N., Chen, X. G, Extremely large volume electrokinetic stacking of cationic molecules in MEKC by EOF modulation with strong acids in sample solutions [J]. Anal. Chem.2009,81,8886-8891.
[55]Li, P., Zhang, X., Hu, B., Phase transfer membrane supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with large volume sample injection capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection for the speciation of inorganic and organic mercury [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,9414-9421.
[56]Herrera-Herrera, A. V., Ravelo-Perez, L. M., Hernandez-Borges, J., Afonso, M. M., Palenzuela, J. A., Rodriguez-Delgado, M., Oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of quinolone antibiotics from water samples using capillary electrophoresis and large volume sample stacking with polarity switching[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,5352-5361.
[57]Jung, B., Bharadwaj, R., Santiago, J. G., On-Chip millionfold sample stacking using transient isotachophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.2006,78,2319-2327.
[58]Shihabi, Z. K., A simple approach to enhance detection in capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol.2010,33,1562-1575.
[59]Persat, A., Chivukula, R. R., Mendell, J. T., Santiago, J. G, Quantification of global microRNA abundance by selective isotachophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem. 2010,82,9631-9635.
[60]Persat, A., Santiago, J. G, MicroRNA profiling by simultaneous selective isotachophoresis and hybridization with molecular beacons [J]. Anal. Chem. 2011,83,2310-2316.
[61]Bercovici, M., Kaigala, G. V., Mach, K. E., Han, C. M., Liao, J. C., Santiago, J. G, Rapid detection of urinary tract infections using isotachophoresis and molecular beacons [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,4110-4117.
[62]Saito, S., Massie, T. L., Maeda, T., Nakazumi, H., Colyer, C. L., On-column labeling of gram-positive bacteria with a boronic acid functionalized squarylium cyanine dye for analysis by polymer-enhanced capillary transient isotachophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.2012,84,2452-2458.
[63]Aebersold, R., Morrison, H. D., Analysis of dilute peptide samples by capillary zone electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr.1990,516,79-88.
[64]Britz-McKibbin, P., Bebault, G M., Chen, D. D. Y, Velocity-difference induced focusing of nucleotides in capillary electrophoresis with a dynamic pH junction [J]. Anal. Chem.2000,72,1729-1735.
[65]Kazarian, A. A., Hilder, E. F., Breadmore, M. C., Online sample pre-concentration via dynamic pH junction in capillary and microchip electrophoresis [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011,34,2800-2821.
[66]Cao, C. X., Fan, L. Y., Zhang, W., Review on the theory of moving reaction boundary, electromigration reaction methods and applications in isoelectric focusing and sample pre-concentration [J]. Analyst 2008,133,1139-1157.
[67]Zhang, X., Xu, S., Sun, Y., Wang, Y, Wang, C., Simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in food products by CE after on-line preconcentration by dynamic pH junction[J]. Chromatographia 2011,73, 1217-1221.
[68]Cao, C., Zhang, W., Fan, L., Shao, J., Li, S., Comparative study on sample stacking by moving reaction boundary formed with weak acid and weak or strong alkali in capillary electrophoresis:I. Theory[J]. Talanta 2011,84, 651-658.
[69]Hasan, M. N., Park, S. H., Oh, E., Song, E. J., Ban, E., Yoo, Y. S., Sensitivity enhancement of CE and CE-MS for the analysis of peptides by a dynamic pH junction [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2010,33,3701-3709.
[70]Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Exceeding 5000-fold concentration of dilute analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Science 1998,282,465-468.
[71]Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., On-line sample preconcentration and separation technique based on transient trapping in microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Chem.2008,80,1255-1262.
[72]Quirino, J. P., Sweeping of neutral analytes in partial-filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,665-668.
[73]Palmer, C. P., Hilder, E. F., Quirino, J. P., Haddad, P. R., Electrokinetic chromatography and mass spectrometric detection using latex nanoparticles as a pseudostationary phase [J]. Anal. Chem.2010,82,4046-4054.
[74]Cao, J., Dun, W. L., Separation and sweeping of flavonoids by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using mixed anionic and cationic surfactants [J]. Talanta 2011,84,155-159.
[75]Cheng, C., Tsai, H. R., Application of simple on-line sweeping sample concentration technique coupled micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous analysis of estrogen and androgen epimer [J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2011,56,728-735.
[76]Znaleziona, J., Maier, V., Petr, J., Chrastina, J., Sevcik, J., MEKC determination of nilutamide in human serum using sweeping in high salt sample matrix [J]. Chromatographia 2011,74,151-155.
[77]Darji, V., Boyce, M. C., Bennett, I., Breadmore, M. C., Quirino, J., Determination of food grade antioxidants using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2267-2271.
[78]Arroyo-Manzanares, N., Gamiz-Gracia, L., Garcia-Campana, A. M., Soto-Chinchilla, J. J., Garcia-Ayuso, L. E., On-line preconcentration for the determination of aflatoxins in rice samples by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2180-2185.
[79]Lin, K. C., Hsieh, M. M., Chang, C. W., Lin, E. P., Wu, T. H., Stacking and separation of aspartic acid enantiomers under discontinuous system by capillary electrophoresis with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection [J]. Talanta 2010,82,1912-1918.
[80]Kitagawa, S., Noji, A., Matsushita, N., Nakagawa, H., Asai, T., Ohitani, H., Large-volume sample on-line concentration of angiotensins in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,1480-1485.
[81]Liu, J. J., Jiang, M., Li, G., Xu, L., Xie, M. J., Miniaturized salting-out liquid-liquid extraction of sulfonamides from different matrices [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010,679,74-80.
[82]Wu, W. C., Tsai, I. L., Sun, S. W., Kuo, C. H., Using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine melamine in food [J]. Food Chem. 2011,128,783-789.
[83]Fang, H., Yang, F., Sun, J., Tian, Y, Zeng, Z., Xu, Y, Centrifuge microextraction coupled with sweeping-MEKC to analyze trace steroid hormones in urine samples [J]. Talanta 2011,85,2148-2153.
[84]Moreno-Gonzalez, D., Gamiz-Gracia, L., Garcia-Campana, A. M., Bosque-Sendra, J. M., Use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of carbamates in juice samples by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2011,400,1329-1338.
[85]Zhang, S., Yang, X., Yin, X., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of some neonicotinoid insecticides in cucumber samples [J]. Food Chem.2012,133,544-550
[86]Zhang, S., Yin, X., Yang, Q., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Determination of some sulfonylurea herbicides in soil by a novel liquid-phase microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011,401,1071-1081.
[87]Quirino, J. P., Neutral analyte focusing by micelle collapse in micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2008,1214,171-177.
[88]Quirino, J. P., Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,294-299.
[89]Liu, L., Deng, X., Chen, X., Micelle to trapping solution stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,175-178.
[90]Quirino, J. P., Aranas, A. T., Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium dodecyl sulfate [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,7377-7383.
[91]Quirino, J. P., Aranas, A. T., Simultaneous electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection with on-line sample concentration via micelle to solvent stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012,733,84-89.
[92]Quirino, J. P., Anres, P., Sirieix-Plenet, J., Delaunay, N., Gareil, P., Potential of long chain ionic liquids for on-line sample concentration techniques:Application to micelle to solvent stacking [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,5718-5724.
[93]Zhu, H. D., Ren, C. L., Hu, S. Q., Zhou, X. M., Chen, H. L., Chen, X. G, Thousand fold concentration of an alkaloid in capillary zone electrophoresis by micelle to solvent stacking[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,733-738.
[94]Wang, Y. C., Stevens, A. L., Han, J., Million-fold preconcentration of proteins and peptides by nanofluidic filter [J]. Anal. Chem.2005,77,4293-4299.
[95]Ko, S. H., Kim, S. J., Cheow, L. F., Li, L. D., Kang, K. H., Han, J., Massively parallel concentration device for multiplexed immunoassays [J]. Lab. Chip 2011, 11,1351-1358.
[96]Wu, Z. Y., Li, C. Y., Guo, X. L., Li, B., Zhang, D. W., Xu, Y, Fang, F., Nanofracture on fused silica microchannel for Donnan exclusion based electrokinetic stacking of biomolecules [J]. Lab. Chip 2012,12,3408-3412.
[97]Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Approaching a million-fold sensitivity increase in capillary electrophoresis with direct ultraviolet detection:□ cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping [J]. Anal. Chem.2000,72,1023-1030.
[98]Wang, C.C., Chen, C. C., Wang, S. J., Wu, S. M., Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of methadone and its metabolites in serum of heroin addicts[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,6832-6837.
[99]Anres, P., Delaunay, N., Vial, J., Gareil, P., A chemometric approach for the elucidation of the parameter impact in the hyphenation of field-enhanced sample injection and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33, 1169-1181.
[100]Tsai, I. L., Liu, H. Y, Kuo, P. H., Wang, J. Y, Shen, L. J., Kuo, C. H., Quantitative determination of isoniazid in biological samples by cation-selective exhaustive injection-sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2011,401,2205-2214.
[101]Yang, Y, Nie, H., Li, C., Bai, Y, Li, N., Liao, J., Liu, H., On-line concentration and determination of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines by cation-selective exhaustive injection-sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Talanta 2010,82,1797-1801.
[102]Fan, Y, Hense, M., Ludewig, R., Weisgerber, C., Scriba, G. K. E., Capillary electrophoresis-based sirtuin assay using non-peptide substrates [J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2011,54,772-778.
[103]Li, X., Hu, J., Han, H., Determination of cypromazine and its metabolite melamine in milk by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping-capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011, 34,323-330.
[104]Jin, Y., Meng, L., Li, M., Zhu, Z., Highly sensitive detection of melamine and its derivatives by capillary electrophoresis coupled with online preconcentration techniques[J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3913-3920.
[105]Maij6, I., Borrull, F., Aguilar, C., Calull, M., On-column preconcentration of anti-inflammatory drugs in river water by anion-selective exhaustive injection-sweeping-MEKC [J]. Chromatographia 2011,73,83-91.
[106]Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Cai, Z., Chen, G., Dynamic pH junction-sweeping for on-line focusing of dipeptides in capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection[J]. Analyst 2011,136,1852-1858.
[107]Huang, W. Y, Li, L. J., Hu, D. C., Wu, M. Y, Gao, W. Y, Lai, Y B., Li, Y. Q., Separation and determination of salidroside, caffeic acid and gallic acid in Rhodiola L. by large-volume sample stacking-sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Asian J. Chem.2012,24,2155-2158.
[108]Kim, J., Choi, K., Cho, S., Riaz, A., Chung, D. S., Isotachophoretically assisted on-line complexation of trace metal ions in a highly saline matrix for capillary electrophoresis [J]. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.2012,33,790-794.
[109]Quirino, J. P., Two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis featuring sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking:Ⅰ. Organic cations[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,7776-7780.
[110]Quirino, J. P., Guidote, A. M., Jr., Two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis featuring sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking:Ⅱ. Organic anions [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,1004-1010.
[111]Wang, Q., Qiu, H., Han, H., Liu, X., Jiang, S., Two-step stacking by sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking using a long-chain cationic ionic liquid surfactant [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2012,35,589-595.
[112]Wang, Z. F., Cheng, S., Ge, S. L., Wang, H., Wang, Q. J., He, P. G, Fang, Y Z., Ultrasensitive detection of bacteria by microchip electrophoresis based on multiple-concentration approaches combining chitosan sweeping, field-amplified sample stacking, and reversed-field stacking [J]. Anal. Chem.2012,84, 1687-1694.
[113]Cheng, H. L., Chiou, S. S., Liao, Y. M., Lu, C. Y., Chen, Y. L., Wu, S. M., Analysis of methotrexate and its eight metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and triple-stacking capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2010,398,2183-2190.
[114]Xia, Z., Gan, T., Chen, H., Lv, R., Wei, W., Yang, F., A new open tubular capillary microextraction and sweeping for the analysis of super low concentration of hydrophobic compounds [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2010,33,3221-3230.
[115]Dawod, M., Chung, D. S., High-sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging[J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011,34, 2790-2799.
[116]Xu, Z., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., High-sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging preconcentration: Insight into the stacking mechanism via computer modeling[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,660-670.
[117]Breadmore, M. C., Thabano, J. R. E., Dawod, M., Kazarian, A. A., Quirino, J. P., Guijt, R. M., Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2006-2008) [J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,230-248.
[118]Gebauer, P., Thormann, W., Bocek, P., Sample self-stacking and sample stacking in zone electrophoresis with major sample components of like charge: General model and scheme of possible modes [J]. Electrophoresis 1995,16, 2039-2050.
[119]Breadmore, M. C., Unlimited-volume stacking of ions in capillary electrophoresis. Part 1:Stationary (?)sotachophoretic stacking of anions [J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29,1082-1091
[120]Breadmore, M. C., Electroosmoic flow-balanced isotachophoretic stacking with continuous electrokinetic injection for the concentration of anions in high conductivity samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,3900-3906.
[121]Breadmore, M. C., Quirino, J. P.,100 000-Fold concentration of anions in capillary zone electrophoresis using electroosmotic flow controlled counterflow isotachophoretic stacking under field amplified conditions[J]. Anal. Chem.2008, 80,6373-6381.
[122]Dawod, M., Breadmore, M. C., Guijt, R. M., Haddad, P. R., Counter-flow electrokinetic supercharging for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216, 3380-3386.
[123]Meighan, M. M., Dawod, M., Guijt, R. M., Hayes, M. A., Breadmore, M. C., Pressure-assisted electrokinetic supercharging for the enhancement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218, 6750-6755.
[124]Lu, Y. Q., Breadmore, M. C., Analysis of phenolic acids by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis after electrokinetic supercharging [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,7282-7287.
[125]Zhong, H., Yao, Q., Breadmore, M. C., Li, Y, Lu, Y, Analysis of flavonoids by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrokinetic supercharging [J]. Analyst 2011,136,4486-4491.
[126]Hirokawa, T., Koshimidzu, E., Xu, Z. Q., Electrokinetic sample injection for high-sensitivity capillary zone electrophoresis (part 1):Effects of electrode configuration and setting [J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29,3786-3793.
[127]Xu, Z. Q., Koshimidzu, E., Hirokawa, T., Electrokinetic sample injection for high-sensitivity CZE (part 2):Improving the quantitative repeatability and application of electrokinetic supercharging-CZE to the detection of atmospheric electrolytes [J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,3534-3539.
[128]Xu, Z. Q., Nakamura, K., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., Another approach toward over 100000-fold sensitivity increase in capillary electrophoresis: electrokinetic supercharging with optimized sample injection [J]. Anal. Chem. 2011,83,398-401.
[129]Xu, Z., Kawahito, K., Ye, X., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., Electrokinetic supercharging with a system-induced terminator and an optimized capillary versus electrode configuration for parts-per-trillion detection of rare-earth elements in CZE [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,1195-1200.
[130]Zheng, L., Zhang, L., Tong, P., Zheng, X., Chi, Y., Chen, G., Highly sensitive transient isotachophoresis sample stacking coupling with capillary electrophoresis-amperometric detection for analysis of doping substances [J]. Talanta 2010,81,1288-1294.
[131]Huang, L., Lin, Q., Chen, Y., Chen, G., Transient isotachophoresis with field-amplified sample injection for on-line preconcentration and enantioseparation of some β-agonists [J]. Anal. Methods 2011,3,294-298.
[132]Breadmore, M. C., Dawod, M., Quirino, J. P., Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2008-2010) [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,127-148.
[133]Veraart, J. R., Lingeman, H., Brinkman, U. A. T., Coupling of biological sample handling and capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 1999,856,483-514.
[134]Puig, P., Borrull, F., Calull, M., Aguilar, C., Sorbent preconcentration procedures coupled to capillary electrophoresis for environmental and biological application[J]. Anal. China. Acta 2008,616,1-18.
[135]Ramautar, R., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2009-2011 [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33,243-250.
[136]Ramautar, R., Somsen, G. W., de Jong, G. J., Recent developments in coupled SPE-CE [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,44-54.
[137]Namera, A., Nakamoto, A., Saito, T., Miyazaki, S., Monolith as a new sample preparation material:Recent devices and applications[J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011,34, 901-924.
[138]Giordano, B. C., Burgi, D. S., Hart, S. J., Terray, A., On-line sample pre-concentration in microfluidic devices:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 718,11-24.
[139]Hsu, C. C., Whang, C. W., Microscale solid phase extraction of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water and guava fruit extract using alumina-coated iron oxide nanoparticles followed by capillary electrophoresis and electrochemiluminescence detection[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216, 8575-8580.
[140]Chang, C. W., Chu, S. P., Tseng, W. L., Selective extraction of melamine using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped gold nanoparticles followed by capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,7800-7806.
[141]Dou, P., Liang, L., He, J., Liu, Z., Chen, H. Y, Boronate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and off-line hyphenation with capillary electrophoresis for specific extraction and analysis of biomolecules containingcis-diols [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,7558-7563.
[142]Dong, Y. L., Zhang, H. J., Yan, N., Zhou L., Zhang Z. Y, Rahman, Z. U., Chen, X. G., Preparation of guanidine group functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and the application in preconcentration and separation of acidic protein[J]. J. Nanosci.Nanotech.2011,11,10387-10395.
[143]Maijo, I., Borrull, F., Calull, M., Aguilar, C., An in-line SPE strategy to enhance sensitivity in CE for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in river water samples [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2114-2122.
[144]Botello, I., Borrull, F., Aguilar, C., Calull, M., Investigation of in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in water samples [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33,528-535.
[145]Medina-Casanellas, S., Benavente, F., Barbosa, J., Sanz-Nebot, V., Transient isotachophoresis in on-line solid phase extraction capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight-mass spectrometry for peptide analysis in human plasma [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,1750-1759.
[146]Medina-Casanellas, S., Benavente, F., Barbosa, J., Sanz-Nebot, V., Preparation and evaluation of an immunoaffinity sorbent for the analysis of opioid peptides by on-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012,717,134-142.
[147]Okamoto, Y., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Online concentration and affinity separation of biomolecules using multifunctional particles in capillary electrophoresis under magnetic field [J]. Anal. Chem.2007,79,3041-3047.
[148]Lee, W. H., Wang, C. W., Her, G. R., Staggered multistep elution solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry:a high-throughput approach in protein analysis[J]. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.2011,25,2124-2130.
[149]Wang, C., Jemere, A. B., Harrison, D. J., Multifunctional protein processing chip with integrated digestion, solid-phase extraction, separation and electrospray [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3703-3710.
[150]Qu, P., Lei, J., Zhang, L., Ouyang, R., Ju, H., Molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles as tunable stationary phase located in microfluidic channel for enantioseparation [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,6115-6121.
[151]Tennico, Y. H., Remcho, V. T., In-line extraction employing functionalized magnetic particles for capillary and microchip electrophoresis[J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2548-2557.
[152]Chamieh, J., Faye, C., Dugas, V., Moreau, T., Vandenabeele-Trambouze, O., Demesmay, C., Preparation and full characterization of a micro-immunoaffinity monolithic column and its in-line coupling with capillary zone electrophoresis with Ochratoxin A as model solute [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1232,93-100.
[153]Feng, A., Tran, N. T., Chen, C., Hu, J., Taverna, M., Zhou, P., In-line coupling SPE and CE for DNA preconcentration and separation[J]. Electrophoresis 2011, 32,1623-1630.
[154]Hernandez, E., Benavente, F., Sanz-Nebot, V., Barbosa, J., Analysis of opioid peptides by on-line SPE-CE-ESI-MS[J]. Electrophoresis 2007,28,3957-3965.
[155]Hernandez, E., Benavente, F., Sanz-Nebot, V., Barbosa, J., Evaluation of on-line solid phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry for the analysis of neuropeptides in human plasma[J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29, 3366-3376.
[156]Scida, K., Stege, P. W., Haby, G, Messina, G. A., Garcia, C. D., Recent applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in analytical chemistry:Critical review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2011,691,6-17.
[157]ALOthman, Z. A., Dawod, M., Kim, J., Chung, D. S., Single-drop microextraction as a powerful pretreatment tool for capillary electrophoresis:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012,739,14-24.
[158]Breadmore, M. C., Ionic liquid-based liquid phase microextraction with direct injection for capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218, 1347-1352.
[159]Choi, J., Choi, K., Kim, J., Ahmed, A. Y. B.H., ALOthman, Z. A., Chung, D. S., Sensitive analysis of amino acids with carrier-mediated single drop microextraction in-line coupled with capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,7227-7233.
[160]Hu, S., Li, P. C. H., Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic separation and fluorescent detection of amino acids derivatized with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2000,876,183-191.
[161]Park, Y. K., Choi, K., Ahmed, A. Y. B. H., ALOthman, Z. A., Chung, D. S., Selective preconcentration of amino acids and peptides using single drop microextraction in-line coupled with capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Chromatogr. A2010,1217,3357-3361.
[162]Beijersten, I., Westerlund, D., Derivatization of dipeptides with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole for laser-induced fluorescence and separation by micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 1995, 716,389-399.
[163]Gao, W. H., Chen, G. P., Chen, Y. W., Li, N. N., Chen, T. F., Hu, Z. D., Selective extraction of alkaloids in human urine by on-line single drop microextraction coupled with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,5712-5717.
[164]Zhu, Z., Zhou, X., Yan, N., Zhou, L., Chen, X., On-line combination of single-drop liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with capillary electrophoresis for sample cleanup and preconcentration:A simple and efficient approach to determining trace analyte in real matrices[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217, 1856-1861.
[165]Audunsson, G., Aqueous/aqueous extraction by means of a liquid membrane for sample cleanup and preconcentration of amines in a flow system [J]. Anal. Chem. 1986,58,2714-2723.
[166]Lee, J., Lee, H. K., Rasmussen, K. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., Environmental and bioanalytical applications of hollow fiber membrane liquid-phase microextraction:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008,624,253-268.
[167]Lucena, R., Cruz-Vera, M., Cardenas, S., Valcarcel, M., Liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical sample preparation [J]. Bioanalysis 2009,1, 135-149.
[168]Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., Rasmussen, K. E., Liquid-phase microextraction with porous hollow fibers, a miniaturized and highly flexible format for liquid-liquid extraction[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2008,1184,132-142.
[169]Almeda, S., Nozal, L., Arce, L., Valcarcel, M., Direct determination of chlorophenols present in liquid samples by using a supported liquid membrane coupled in-line with capillary electrophoresis equipment [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2007,587,97-103.
[170]Nozal, L., Arce, L., Simonet, B. M., Rios, A., Valcarcel, M., New supported liquid membrane-capillary electrophoresis in-line arrangement for direct selective analysis of complex samples[J]. Electrophoresis 2006,27,3075-3085.
[171]Nozal, L., Arce, L., Simonet, B. M., Rios, A., Valcarcel, M., In-line liquid-phase microextraction for selective enrichment and direct electrophoretic analysis of acidic drugs [J]. Electrophoresis 2007,28,3284-3289.
[172]Kuban, P., Bocek, P., On-line coupling of a clean-up device with supported liquid membrane to capillary electrophoresis for direct injection and analysis of serum and plasma samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1234,2-8.
[173]Slampova, A., Kuban, P., Bocek, P., Electromembrane extraction using stabilized constant d.c. electric current-A simple tool for improvement of extraction performance[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1234,32-37.
[174]See, H. H., Hauser, P. C., Electric field-driven extraction of lipophilic anions across a carrier-mediated polymer inclusion membrane [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83, 7507-7513.
[1]Jorgenson, J. W., Lukacs, K. D. A., Zone electrophoresis in open-tubular glass capillaries [J]. Anal. Chem.1981,53,1298-1302.
[2]Moring, S. E., Reel, R. T. van Soest, R. E. J., Optical improvements of a Z-shaped cell for high-sensitivity UV absorbance detection in capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1993,65,3454-3459.
[3]Xue, Y, Yeung, E. S., Characterization of band broadening in capillary electrophoresis due to nonuniform capillary geometries[J]. Anal. Chem.1994,66, 3575-3580.
[4]Xu, Z., Nakamura, K., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., Another approach toward over 100000-fold sensitivity increase in capillary electrophoresis:electrokinetic supercharging with optimized sample injection[J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83, 398-401.
[5]Dada, O. O., Essaka, D. C., Hindsgaul, O., Palcic, M. M., Prendergast, J., Schnaar, R. L., Dovichi N. J., Nine orders of magnitude dynamic range:picomolar to millimolar concentration measurement in capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection employing cascaded avalanche photodiode photon counters [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,2748-2753.
[6]Diekmann, J., Adams, K. L., Klunder G. L., Evans, L., Steele, P., Vogt, C., Herberg, J. L., Portable microcoil NMR detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,1328-1335.
[7]Chien, R. L.; Burgi, D. S., Sample stacking of an extremely large injection volume in high-performance capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1992,64, 1046-1050.
[8]He, Y.; Lee, H. K., Large-volume sample stacking in acidic buffer for analysis of small organic and inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem. 1999,71,995-1001.
[9]Zhang, C. X., Thormann, W., Head-column field-amplified sample stacking in binary system capillary electrophoresis.2. Optimization with a preinjection plug and application to micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Chem.1998, 70,540-548.
[10]Mohamadi, M. R., Kaji, N., Tokeshi, M., Baba, Y., Online preconcentration by transient isotachophoresis in linear polymer on a poly (methyl methacrylate) microchip for separation of human serum albumin immunoassay mixtures[J] Anal. Chem.2007,79,3667-3672.
[11]Jung, B., Bharadwaj, R., Santiago, J. G., On-chip millionfold sample stacking using transient isotachophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.2006,78,2319-2327.
[12]Gebauer, P., Thormann, W., Bocek, P., Sample self-stacking in zone electrophoresis:Theoretical description of the zone electrophoretic separation of minor compounds in the presence of bulk amounts of a sample component with high mobility and like charge [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 1992,608,47-57.
[13]Britz-McKibbin, P., Chen, D. D. Y., Selective focusing of catecholamines and weakly acidic compounds by capillary electrophoresis using a dynamic pH junction[J]. Anal. Chem.2000,72,1242-1252.
[14]Britz-McKibbin, P., Otsuka, K., Terabe, S., On-line focusing of flavin derivatives using dynamic pH junction-sweeping capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection[J]. Anal. Chem.2002,74,3736-3743.
[15]Cao, C. X., He, Y. Z., Li, M., Qian, Y. T., Gao, M. F., Ge, L. H., Zhou, S. L., Yang, L., Qu, Q. S., Stacking ionizable analytes in a sample matrix with high salt by a transient moving chemical reaction boundary method in capillary zone electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.2002,74,4167-4174.
[16]Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Exceeding 5000-fold concentration of dilute analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Science,1998,282,465-468.
[17]Quirino, J. P., Haddad, P. R., Online sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis using analyte focusing by micelle collapse [J]. Anal. Chem.2008, 80,6824-6829.
[18]Quirino, J. P., Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,294-299.
[19]Guidote Jr, A. M., Quirino, J. P., On-line sample concentration of organic anions in capillary zone electrophoresis by micelle to solvent stacking[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,6290-6295.
[20]Liu, L., Deng, X., Chen, X., Micelle to trapping solution stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,175-178.
[21]Zhu, H., Ren, C., Hu, S., Zhou, X., Chen, H., Chen, X., Thousand fold concentration of an alkaloid in capillary zone electrophoresis by micelle to solvent stacking [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,733-738.
[22]M. C. Breadmore, J. P. Quirino,100000-fold concentration of anions in capillary zone electrophoresis using electroosmotic flow controlled counterflow isotachophoretic stacking under field amplified conditions [J]. Anal. Chem.2008, 80,6373-6381.
[23]Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Qi, S., Yan, N., Chen, X., Extremely large volume electrokinetic stacking of cationic molecules in mekc by eof modulation with strong acids in sample solutions[J]. Anal. Chem.2009,81,8886-8891.
[24]Lu, W., Poon, G. K., Carmichael, P. L., Cole, R. B., Analysis of tamoxifen and its metabolites by on-line capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry employing nonaqueous media containing surfactants [J]. Anal. Chem. 1996,68,668-674.
[25]Palepu, R., Gharibi, H., Bloor, D., Wyn-Jones, E., Electrochemical studies associated with the micellization of cationic surfactants in aqueous mixtures of ethylene glycol and glycerol [J]. Langmuir 1993,9,110-112.
[26]Walbroehl, Y., Jorgenson, J. W., Capillary zone electrophoresis of neutral organic molecules by solvophobic association with tetraalkylammonium ion [J]. Anal. Chem.1986,58,479-481.
[1]Jr. Woessner, J. F., The determination of hydroxyproline in tissue and protein samples containing small proportions of this imino acid [J]. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.1961,93,440-447.
[2]Adams, E., Frank, L., Metabolism of proline and the hydroxyprolines [J], Ann. Rev. Biochem.1980,49,1005-1061.
[3]Deacon, A. C., Hulme, P., Hesp, R., Green, J. R., Tellez, M., Reeve J., Estimation of whole body bone resorption rate:A comparison of urinary total hydroxyproline excretion with two radioisotopic tracer methods in osteoporosis [J]. Clin. Chim. Acta 1987,166,297-306.
[4]Bates, S. E., Longo, D. L., Tumor markers:Value and limitations in the management of cancer patients [J]. Cancer Treat. Rev.1985,12,163-207.
[5]Hill, F., The solubility of intramuscular collagen in meat animals of various ages [J]. J. Food Sci.1966,31,161-166.
[6]Wee, S. L. Sabrina, M. http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE71H1LX 20110218,2011, accessed 5.14.2013.
[7]Milk and dairy products in the identification of animal protein hydrolysate certification, The Minister of Health of the People's Republic of China.2011.
[8]Bergman, I., Loxley, R., Two improved and simplified methods for the spectrophotometric determination of hydroxyproline [J]. Anal. Chem.1963,35, 1961-1965
[9]Berg, R. A., Determination of 3- and 4-hydroxyproline[J]. Methods Enzymol. 1982,82,372-398.
[10]Kataoka, H., Nabeshima, N., Nagao, K. Makita, M. Selective and sensitive determination of urinary total proline and hydroxyproline by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection [J]. Clin. Chim. Acta.1993, 214,13-20.
[11]Messia, M., Di Falco, T., Panfili, G, Marconi, E. Rapid determination of collagen in meat-based foods by microwave hydrolysis of proteins and HPAEC-PAD analysis of 4-hydroxyproline [J]. Meat Sci.2008,80,401-409.
[12]C. Campargue, C. Lafitte, M. T. Esquerre-Tugaye, D. Mazau, Analysis of hydroxyproline and hydroxyproline-arabinosides of plant origin by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection[J]. Anal. Biochem.2008,257,20-25.
[13]Roth, M., Fluorimetric determination of free hydroxyproline and proline in blood plasma[J]. Clin. Chim. Acta 1978,83,273-277.
[14]Kakinuma, M., Watanabe, Y, Hori, Y, Oh-i, T., Tsuboi, R., Quantification of hydroxyproline in small amounts of skin tissue using isocratic high performance liquid chromatography with NBD-F as fluorogenic reagent [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2005,824,161-165.
[15]Imai, K., Watanaba, Y, Toyo'oka, T., Fluorometric assay of amino acids and amines by use of 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-F) in high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chromatographia 1982,16, 214-215.
[16]Watanabe, Y, Imai, K., High-performance liquid chromatography and sensitive detection of amino acids derivatized with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole[J]. Anal. Biochem.1981,116,471-472.
[17]Inoue, H., Kohashi, K., Tsuruta, Y, Simultaneous determination of serum and urinary hydroxyproline and proline by liquid chromatography using two fluorescent labeling reagents [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998,365,219-226.
[18]Hutson, P. R., Crawford, M. E., Sorkness, R. L., Liquid chromatographic determination of hydroxyproline in tissue samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2003, 791,427-430.
[19]Conventz, A., Musiol, A., Brodowsky, C. Muller-Lux, A. Dewes, P. Kraus, T. Schettgen, T., Simultaneous determination of 3-nitrotyrosine, tyrosine, hydroxyproline and proline in exhaled breath condensate by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2007,860,78-85.
[20]Chiang, M. T., Lu, M. C., Whang, C. W., A simple and low-cost electrochemiluminescence detector for capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2003,24,3033-3039.
[21]Liang, H. Xue, J. Li, T. Wu, Y. A rapid capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence method for the assay of human urinary proline and hydroxyproline[J]. Luminescence 2005,20,287-291.
[22]Tuma, P., Samcova, E., Andelova, K., Determination of free amino acids and related compounds in amniotic fluid by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2006,839,12-18.
[23]Mayboroda, O. A., Neusuβ, C., Pelzing, M., Zurek, G, Derks, R., Meulenbelt, I., Kloppenburg, M., Slagboom, E. P., Deelder, A. M., Amino acid profiling in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1159,149-153.
[24]Chu, Q., Evans, B. T., Zeece, M. G, Quantitative separation of 4-hydroxyproline from skeletal muscle collagen by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 1997,692,293-301.
[25]Dugan, M., Thacker, R., Aalhus, J., Jeremiah, L., Lien, K., Analysis of 4-hydroxyproline using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol derivatization and micellar electrokinetic chromatography combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2000,744,195-199.
[26]Waterval, J. C. M., Lingeman, H., Bult, A., Underberg, W. J. M., Derivatization trends in capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2000,21,4029-4045.
[27]Underberg, W. J. M., Waterval, J. C. M., Derivatization trends in capillary electrophoresis:An update [J]. Electrophoresis 2002,23,3922-3933.
[28]Zhang, Y., Gomez, F. A., On-column derivatization and analysis of amino acids, peptides, and alkylamines by anhydrides using capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2000,21,3305-3310.
[29]Potier, I. L., Franck, G, Smadja, C., Varlet, S., Taverna, M., In-capillary derivatization approach applied to the analysis of insulin by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2004,1046,271-276.
[30]Lee, I. H., Pinto, D., Arriaga, E. A., Zhang, Z., Dovichi, N. J., Picomolar analysis of proteins using electrophoretically mediated microanalysis and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection[J]. Anal. Chem.1998, 70,4546-4548.
[31]Latorre, R. M., Hernandez-Cassou, S., Saurina, J., Strategies for in-capillary derivatization of amino acids in capillary electrophoresis using 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate as a labeling reagent [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 934,105-112.
[32]Imai, K. Watanabe, Y. Fluorimetric determination of secondary amino acids by 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 1981,130, 377-383.
[33]Zhang, H., Le Potier, I., Smadja, C., Zhang, J., Taverna, M., Fluorescent detection of peptides and amino acids for capillary electrophoresis via on-line derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2006,386,1387-1394.
[34]Zhou, L., Luo, Z., Wang, S., Hui, Y., Hu, Z., Chen, X., In-capillary derivatization and laser-induced fluorescence detection for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1149,377-384.
[35]Zhou, L., Zhou, X., Luo, Z., Wang, W., Yan, N., Hu, Z., In-capillary derivatization and analysis of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2008,1190,383-389.
[36]Watanabe, Y., Imai, K., Pre-column labelling for high-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and its application to protein hydrolysates [J]. J. Chromatogr.1982,239,723-732.
[37]Zhu, X., Shaw, P. N., Pritchard, J., Newbury, J., Hunt, E. J., Barrett, D. A., Amino acid analysis by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection:Application to nanolitre-volume biological samples from Arabidopsis thaliana and Myzus persicae [J]. Electrophoresis 2005, 26,911-919.
[38]Tojo, Y, Hamase, K., Nakata, M., Morikawa, A., Mita, M., Ashida, Y, Lindner, W., Automated and simultaneous two-dimensional micro-high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of proline and hydroxyproline enantiomers in mammals[J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2008,875,174-179.
[39]Chiang, M. T., Whang, C. W., Tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ⅲ)-based electrochemiluminescence detector with indium/tin oxide working electrode for capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2001,934,59-66.
[1]Dou, P., Liang, L., He, J., Liu, Z., Chen, H. Y., Boronate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and off-line hyphenation with capillary electrophoresis for specific extraction and analysis of biomolecules containing cis-diols[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,7558-7563.
[2]Kim, J., Piao, Y., Lee, N., Park, Y. I., Lee, I. H., Lee, J. H., Paik, S. R., Hyeon, T., Magnetic nanocomposite spheres decorated with NiO nanoparticles for a magnetically recyclable protein separation system[J]. Adv. Mater.2010,22, 57-60.
[3]Palecek, E., Fojta, M., Magnetic beads as versatile tools for electrochemical DNA and protein biosensing [J]. Talanta 2007,74,276-290.
[4]Franzreb, M., Siemann-Herzberg, M., Hobley, T. J., Thomas, O. R. T., Protein purification using magnetic adsorbent particles [J]. Appl. Microbiol. Biot.2006, 70,505-516.
[5]Yu, S., S. Lee, B., Kang, M., Martin, C. R., Size-based protein separations in poly(ethylene glycol)-derivatized gold nanotubule membranes[J]. Nano Lett. 2001,1,495-498.
[6]Striemer, C. C., Gaborski, T. R., McGrath, J. L., Fauchet, P. M., Charge- and size-based separation of macromolecules using ultrathin silicon membranes [J]. Nature 2007,445,749-753.
[7]Saxena, A., Tripathi, B. P., Shahi, V. K., An improved process for separation of proteins using modified chitosan-silica cross-linked charged ultrafilter membranes under coupled driving forces:Isoelectric separation of proteins [J]. J. Colloid Interf. Sci.2008,319,252-262.
[8]Saxena, A., Kumar, M., Tripathi, B. P., Shahi, V. K., Organic-inorganic hybrid charged membranes for proteins separation:Isoelectric separation of proteins under coupled driving forces [J]. Sep. Purif. Technol.2010,70,280-290.
[9]Pan, J., Yang, Q., Antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen using a flow-injection electrochemical device[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2007,388,279-286.
[10]Liu, Z. M., Yang, H. F., Li, Y. F., Liu, Y. L., Shen, G. L., Yu, R. Q., Core-shell magnetic nanoparticles applied for immobilization of antibody on carbon paste electrode and amperometric immunosensing [J]. Sensor. Actuat. B 2006,113, 956-962.
[11]Hsing, I. M., Xu, Y, Zhao, W., Micro- and Nano- magnetic particles for applications in biosensing [J]. Electroanalysis 2007,19,755-768.
[12]Lee, J. H., Kim, Y, Ha, M. Y, Lee, E. K., Choo, J., Immobilization of aminophenylboronic acid on magnetic beads for the direct determination of glycoproteins by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectr.2005,16,1456-1460.
[13]Xu, X., Deng, C., Gao, M., Yu, W., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Synthesis of magnetic microspheres with immobilized metal ions for enrichment and direct determination of phosphopeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Adv. Mater.2006,18,3289-2393.
[14]Li, Y, Xu, X., Yan, B., Deng, C., Yu, W., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Microchip reactor packed with metal-ion chelated magnetic silica microspheres for highly efficient proteolysis [J]. J. Proteome Res.2007,6,2367-2375.
[15]Li, Y, Liu, Y, Tang, J., Lin, H., Yao, N., Shen, X., Deng, C., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Fe3O4@Al2O3 magnetic core-shell microspheres for rapid and highly specific capture of phosphopeptides with mass spectrometry analysis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2007,1172,57-71.
[16]Li, Y, Leng, T., Lin, H., Deng, C., Xu, X., Yao, N., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Preparation of Fe3O4@ZrO2 core-shell microspheres as affinity probes for selective enrichment and direct determination of phosphopeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Proteome Res.2007,6,4498-4510.
[17]Schrader, T., Strong binding of alkylguanidinium ions by molecular tweezers:an artificial selective arginine receptor molecule with a biomimetic recognition pattern [J]. Chem. Eur. J.1997,3,1537-1541.
[18]Zakim, D., Hochman, Y, Kenney, W. C., Evidence for an active site arginine in UDP-glucuronyltransferase[J]. J. Biol. Chem.1983,258,6430-6434.
[19]Jubian, V., Dixon, R. P., Hamilton, A. D., Molecular recognition and catalysis. Acceleration of phosphodiester cleavage by a simple hydrogen-bonding receptor [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1992,114,1120-1121.
[20]Echavarren, A., Galan, A., Lehn, J. M., de Mendoza, J., Chiral recognition of aromatic carboxylate anions by an optically active abiotic receptor containing a rigid guanidinium binding subunit [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1989,111,4994-4995.
[21]Cotton, F. A., Day, V. W., Hazen, E. E., Larsen, S., Structure of methylguanidinium dihydrogen orthophosphate. Model compound for arginine-phosphate hydrogen bonding [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1973,95, 4834-4840.
[22]O' Brien, P. J., Herschlag, D., Does the active site arginine change the nature of the transition state for alkaline phosphatase-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer? [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999,121,11022-11023.
[23]Sasaki, D. Y, Kurihara K., Kunitake, T., Specific, multiple-point binding of ATP and AMP to a guanidinium-functionalized monolayer[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991,113,9685-9686.
[24]Kimura, K. Suzuki, H., Daiho, T., Yamasaki K., Kanazawa, T., Identification of arginyl residues located at the ATP binding site of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase:Modification with 1,2-cyclohexanedione[J]. J. Biol. Chem.1996, 271,28933-28941.
[25]Smith, J., Ariga, K., Anslyn, E. V., Enhanced imidazole-catalyzed RNA cleavage induced by a bis-alkylguanidinium receptor[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1993,115, 362-364.
[26]Nakase, I., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, G, Futaki, S., Methodological and cellular aspects that govern the internalization mechanisms of arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides [J]. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev.2008,60,598-607.
[27]Kim, T., Ou, M., Lee, M., Kim, S. W., Arginine-grafted bioreducible poly(disulfide amine) for gene delivery systems [J]. Biomaterials 2009,30, 658-664.
[28]Choi, J. S., Nam, K., Park, J. Y, Kim, J. B., Lee, J. K., Park, J. S., Enhanced transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimer by surface modification with L-arginine [J]. J. Control. Release 2004,99,445-456.
[29]Russ, V., Gunther, M., Halama, A., Ogris, M., Wagner, E., Oligoethylenimine-grafted polypropylenimine dendrimers as degradable and biocompatible synthetic vectors for gene delivery [J]. J. Control. Release 2008,132,131-140.
[30]Slowing, I., Trewyn, B. G, Lin, V. S. Y, Effect of surface functionalization of mcm-41-type mesoporous silica nanoparticles on the endocytosis by human cancer cells [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006,128,14792-14793.
[31]Chang, C. K., Wu, C. C., Wang, Y. S., Chang, H. C., Selective extraction and enrichment of multiphosphorylated peptides using polyarginine-coated diamond nanoparticles [J]. Anal. Chem.2008,80,3791-3797.
[32]Viota, J. L., Arroyo, F. J., Delgado, A. V., Homo, J., Electrokinetic characterization of magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with amino acids [J]. J. Colloid Interf. Sci.2010,344,144-149.
[33]Lai, Y, Yin, W., Liu, J., Xi, R., Zhan, J., One-pot green synthesis and bioapplication ofl-arginine-capped superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles [J]. Nanoscale Res. Lett.2010,5,302-307.
[34]Wang, Z., Zhu, H., Wang, X., Yang, F., Yang, X., One-pot green synthesis of biocompatible arginine-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles[J]. Nanotech.2009,20, 465606-465616.
[35]Deng, Y, Qi, D., Deng, C., Zhang, X., Zhao, D., Superparamagnetic high-magnetization microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell for removal of microcystins [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2008,130,28-29.
[36]Patthy, L., Smith, E. L., Reversible modification of arginine residues. Application to sequence studies by restriction of tryptic hydrolysis to lysine residues.[J]. J. Biol. Chem.1975,250,557-564.
[37]He, Y. P. Miao, Y M., Li, C. R., Wang, S. Q., Cao, L., Xie, S. S., Yang, G. Z., Zou, B. S., Size and structure effect on optical transitions of iron oxide nanocrystals [J]. Phys. Rev. B 2005,71,125411-125420.
[38]Gao, C., Guan, J., Zhu, Y., Shen, J., Surface immobilization of bioactive molecules on polyurethane for promotion of cytocompatibility to human endothelial cells [J]. Macromol. Biosci.2003,3,157-162.
[39]Wei, Z. F., Zhang, Y. H., Zhao, L. J., Liu, J. H., Li, X. H., Observation of the first hydration layer of isolated cations and anions through the FTIR-ATR difference spectra [J]. J. Phys. Chem. A 2005,109,1337-1342.
[40]Tanyolac, D., Ozdural, A. R., BSA adsorption onto magnetic polyvinylbutyral microbeads [J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2001,80,707-715.
[41]Yang, C., Liu, H., Guan, Y., Xing, J., Liu, J., Shan, G., Preparation of magnetic poly(methylmethacrylate-divinylbenzene-glycidylmethacrylate) microspheres by spraying suspension polymerization and their use for protein adsorption[J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater.2005,293,187-192.
[42]Xiao, Z. P. Yang, K. M., Liang, H., Lu, J., Synthesis of magnetic, reactive, and thermoresponsive Fe3O4 nanoparticles via surface-initiated RAFT copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrolein [J]. J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem.2010,48,542-550.
[43]Liang, Y. Y. Zhang, L. M., Li, W., Chen, R. F., Polysaccharide-modified iron oxide nanoparticles as an effective magnetic affinity adsorbent for bovine serum albumin[J]. Colloid Polym. Sci.2007,285,1193-1199.
[44]Liu, Q., Yang, Y., Huang, Y, Pan, C., Nie, Z., Yao, S., Separation of acidic and basic proteins by CE with CTAB additive and its applications in peptide and protein profiling [J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,2151-2158.
[45]Du, Z., Yu, Y. L., Yan, X. R., Wang, J. H., Isolation and pre-concentration of basic proteins in aqueous mixture via solid-phase extraction with multi-walled carbon nanotubes assembled on a silica surface [J]. Analyst 2008,133, 1373-1379.
[1]Wang, H., Zhang, Q., Chu, X., Chen, T., Ge, J., Yu, R., Graphene oxide-peptide conjugate as an intracellular protease sensor for caspase-3 activation imaging in live cells[J]. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.2011,50,7065-7069.
[2]Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Dommett, G. H., Kohlhaas, K. M., Zimney, E. J., Stach, E. A., Piner, R. D., Nguyen, S. T., Ruoff, R. S., Graphene-based composite materials [J]. Nature 2006,442,282-286.
[3]Tung, V. C., Allen, M. J., Yang Y., Kaner, R. B., High-throughput solution processing of large-scale graphene [J]. Nat. Nanotechnol.2009,4,25-29.
[4]Ruoff, R. S., Chemically Modified Graphenes [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2011,21, 3272-3272.
[5]Song, H. J., Jia, X. H., Li, N., Yang, X. F., Tang, H., Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanorod/graphene oxide composites and their tribological properties[J]. J. Mater. Chem.2012,22,895-902.
[6]Chandra, V., Park, J., Chun, Y, Lee, J. W., Hwang, I. C., Kim, K. S., Water-dispersible magnetite-reduced graphene oxide composites for arsenic removal [J], ACS Nano 2010,4,3979-3986.
[7]Myung, S., Solanki, A., Kim, C., Park, J., Kim, K. S., Lee, K. B., Graphene-encapsulated nanoparticle-based biosensor for the selective detection of cancer biomarkers [J]. Adv. Mater.2011,23,2221-2225.
[8]Guo, S., Dong, S., Graphene and its derivative-based sensing materials for analytical devices [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2011,21,18503-18516.
[9]Shi, W., Zhu, J., Sim, D. H., Tay, Y. Y, Lu, Z., Zhang, X., Sharma, Y, Srinivasan, M., Zhang, H., Hng, H. H., Yan, Q., Achieving high specific charge capacitances in Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2011,21, 3422-3427.
[10]Lin, Y, Tao, Y, Pu, F., Ren, J., Qu, X., Combination of graphene oxide and thiol-activated DNA metallization for sensitive fluorescence turn-on detection of cysteine and their use for logic gate operations[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater.2011,21, 4565-4572.
[11]Feng, L., Wu, L., Wang, J., Ren, J., Miyoshi, D., Sugimoto, N., Qu, X., Detection of a prognostic indicator in early-stage cancer using functionalized graphene-based peptide sensors[J]. Adv. Mater.2012,24,125-131.
[12]Nam, B., Lee, H. J., Goh, H., Lee, Y. B., Choi, W. S., Sandwich-like graphene nanocomposites armed with nanoneedles [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2012,22, 3148-3153.
[13]Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, X., Zhou, X., Wu, H., Guo, S., Assembly of graphene oxide-enzyme conjugates through hydrophobic interaction [J]. Small 2012,8,154-159.
[14]Tang, L. A. L., Wang, J., Loh, K. P., Graphene-based SELDI probe with ultrahigh extraction and sensitivity for DNA oligomer[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2010,132, 10976-10977.
[15]Gulbakan, B., Yasun, E., Shukoor, M. I., Zhu, Z., You, M., Tan, X., Sanchez, H., Powell, D. H., Dai, H., Tan, W., A dual platform for selective analyte enrichment and ionization in mass spectrometry using aptamer-conjugated graphene oxide [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2010,132,17408-17410.
[16]Deng, Y., Qi, D., Deng, C., Zhang, X., Zhao, D., Superparamagnetic high-magnetization microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell for removal of microcystins [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008,130,28-29.
[17]Zhang, X., Niu, H, Pan, Y, Shi, Y, Cai, Y, Chitosan-coated octadecyl-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles:preparation and application in extraction of trace pollutants from environmental water samples [J]. Anal. Chem.2010,82, 2363-2371.
[18]Li, Y, Dong, C., Chu, J., Qi, J., Li, X., Surface molecular imprinting onto fluorescein-coated magnetic nanoparticles via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization:A facile three-in-one system for recognition and separation of endocrine disrupting chemicals [J]. Nanoscale 2011,3,280-287.
[19]Cheng, G, Zhang, J. L., Liu, Y. L., Sun, D. H., Ni, J. Z., Synthesis of novel Fe3O4@SiO2@CeO2 microspheres with mesoporous shell for phosphopeptide capturing and labeling [J]. Chem. Commun.2011,47,5732-5734.
[20]Zhang, Y., Chen, B., Zhang, L., Huang, J., Chen, F., Yang, Z., Yao, J., Zhang, Z., Controlled assembly of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on graphene oxide Nanoscale 2011,3,1446-1450.
[21]He, H., Gao, C., Supraparamagnetic, conductive, and processable multifunctional graphene nanosheets coated with high-density Fe3O4 nanoparticles [J], ACS Appl. Mater. Inter.2010,2,3201-3210.
[22]Li, B., Cao, H., Shao J., Qu, M., Enhanced anode performances of the Fe3O4/Carbon-rGO three dimensional composite in lithium ion batteries [J]. Chem. Commun.2011,47,10374-10376.
[23]Li, B., Cao, H., Shao, J., Qu, M., Warner, J. H., Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystals@graphene composites for energy storage devices [J]. J. Mater. Chem. 2011,21,5069-5075.
[24]Shi, C., Meng, J., Deng, C., Enrichment and detection of small molecules using magnetic graphene as an adsorbent and a novel matrix of MALDI-TOF-MS[J]. Chem. Commun.2012,48,2418-2420.
[25]Li, X., Huang, X., Liu, D., Wang, X., Song, S., Zhou, L., Zhang, H., Synthesis of 3D hierarchical Fe3O4/graphene composites with high lithium storage capacity and for controlled drug delivery [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011,115,21567-21573.
[26]Yang, X., Zhang, X., Ma, Y, Huang, Y, Wang, Y, Chen, Y., Superparamagnetic graphene oxide-Fe304 nanoparticles hybrid for controlled targeted drug carriers[J], J. Mater. Chem.2009,19,2710-2714.
[27]Yang, X., Wang, Y., Huang, X., Ma, Y, Huang, Y, Yang, R., Duan, H., Chen, Y, Multi-functionalized graphene oxide based anticancer drug-carrier with dual-targeting function and pH-sensitivity[J], J. Mater. Chem.2011,21, 3448-3454.
[28]Cheng, G., Liu, Y. L., Wang, Z. G., Zhang, J. L., Sun, D. H., Ni, J. Z., The GO/rGO-Fe3O4 composites with good water-dispersibility and fast magnetic response for effective immobilization and enrichment ofbiomolecules [J], J. Mater. Chem.2012,22,21998-22004.
[29]Gao, L., Zhuang, J., Nie, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y, Gu, N., Wang, T., Feng, J., Yang, D., Perrett, S., Yan, X., Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles [J]. Nat. Nanotechnol.2007,2,577-583.
[30]Song, Y, Qu, K., Zhao, C., Ren, J., Qu, X., Graphene oxide:intrinsic peroxidase catalytic activity and its application to glucose detection[J]. Adv. Mater.2010,22, 2206-2210.
[31]Hummers Jr, W. S., Offeman, R. E., Preparation of Graphitic Oxide [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1958,80,1339-1339.
[32]Sun, X., Liu, Z., Welsher, K., Robinson, J. T., Goodwin, A., Zaric, S., Dai, H., Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery[J]. Nano Res.2008, 1,203-212.
[33]Shen, J., Hu, Y, Shi, M., Li, N., Ma, H., Ye, M., One step synthesis of graphene oxide-magnetic nanoparticle composite [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010,114, 1498-1503.
[34]Yan, N., Zhou, L., Zhu, Z., Zhang, H., Zhou, X., Chen, X., Constant pressure-assisted head-column field-amplified sample injection in combination with in-capillary derivatization for enhancing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,4517-4523.
[35]Liu, Q., Yang, Y, Huang, Y, Pan, C., Nie, Z., Yao, S., Separation of acidic and basic proteins by CE with CTAB additive and its applications in peptide and protein profiling[J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,2151-2158.
[36]Zuo, X., Peng, C., Huang, Q., Song, S., Wang, L., Li, D., Fan, C., Design of a carbon nanotube/magnetic nanoparticle-based peroxidase-like nanocomplex and its application for highly efficient catalytic oxidation of phenols [J]. Nano Res. 2009,2,617-623.
[2]傅小芸,吕建德,毛细管电泳,浙江大学出版社,1997.
[3]林炳承,毛细管电泳导论,科学出版社,1996.
[4]胡之德,高效毛细管电泳,兰州大学出版社,1997.
[5]陈义,毛细管电泳技术及应用,化学工业出版社,2000.
[6]Albin M., Grossman, P. D., Moring, S. E. Sensitivity enhancement for capillary electrophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.1993,65,489A-497A.
[7]Tseng, H. M., Li, Y., Barrett, D. A., Bioanalytical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced native fluorescence detection [J]. Bioanalysis 2010,2,1641-1653.
[8]de Kort B. J., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Native fluorescence detection of biomolecular and pharmaceutical compounds in capillary electrophoresis: Detector designs, performance and applications:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2013,766,13-33.
[9]Szoko, E., Tabi, T., Analysis of biological samples by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection[J]. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed.2010,53, 1180-1192.
[10]Yu, H., Xu, X., Sun, J., You, T. Recent progress for capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J]. Cent. Eur. J. Chem.2012,10,639-651.
[11]Mark, J. J. P., Scholz, R, Matysik, F. M. Electrochemical methods in conjunction with capillary and microchip electrophoresis [J], J. Chromatogr. A.2012,1267, 45-64.
[12]Bonvin, G, Schappler, J., Rudaz, S., Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry interfaces:Fundamental concepts and technical developments [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1267,17-31.
[13]Klepamik, K., Recent advances in the combination of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry:From element to single-cell analysis[J]. Electrophoresis 2013,34,70-85.
[14]Breadmore, M. C., Shallan, A. I., Rabanes, H. R., Gstoettenmayr, D., Keyon, A. S. A., Gaspar, A., Dawod, M., Quirino, J. P., Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2010-2012) [J]. Electrophoresis 2013,34,29-54.
[15]Liao, H. W., Lin, S. W., Wu, U. I., Kuo, C. H., Rapid and sensitive determination of posaconazole in patient plasma by capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1226,48-54.
[16]Wang, X., Masschelein, E., Hespel, P., Adams, E., van Schepdael, A., Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in human plasma by on-capillary preconcentration with field-amplified sample stacking [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33,402-405.
[17]Chien, R. L., Burgi, D. S., Field amplified sample injection in high-performance capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr.1991,559,141-152.
[18]Huhn, C., Pyell, U., Diffusion as major source of band broadening in field-amplified sample stacking under negligible electroosmotic flow velocity conditions [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,4476-4486.
[19]Dong, H., Gao, B., Wang, W., Fan, L., Xu, Y, Zhang, X., Cao, C., Experimental study on the determination and degradation of pyoluteorin in soil via CE with soxhlet's extraction and field-amplified sample stacking [J]. Chromatographia 2011,73,609-612.
[20]Wang, H., Lu, Y., Chen, J., Li, J., Liu, S., Subcritical water extraction of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait. and determination by capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking [J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2012,58,146-151.
[21]Chen, M. L., Suo, L. L., Gao, Q., Feng, Y Q., Determination of eight illegal drugs in human urine by combination of magnetic solid-phase extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis[J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2099-2106.
[22]Zhu, H. D., Lv, W., Li, H. H., Ma, Y H., Hu, S. Q., Chen, H. L., Chen, X. G, A novel cross-H-channel interface for flow injection-capillary electrophoresis to reduce sample requirement and improve sensitivity [J]. Analyst 2011,136, 1322-1328.
[23]Wei, F., Fan, J., Zheng, M. M., Feng, Y. Q., Combining poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction and octadecyl phosphonic acid-modified zirconia-coated CEC with field-enhanced sample injection for analysis of antidepressants in human plasma and urine [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,714-723.
[24]Zhang, S., Jiang, C., Jia, L., Tetrabutylammonium phosphate-assisted separation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction products in non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Biochem.2011,408,284-288.
[25]Hai, X., Nauwelaers, T., Busson, R., Adams, E., Hoogmartens, J., Van Schepdael, A., A rapid and sensitive CE method with field-enhanced sample injection and in-capillary derivatization for selenomethionine metabolism catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenases [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3352-3361.
[26]Hou, X., Deng, D., Wu, X., Lv, Y, Zhang, J., Diffusion as major source of band broadening in field-amplified sample stacking under negligible electroosmotic flow velocity conditions [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,5622-5627.
[27]Zhang, H., Gavina, J., Feng, Y. L., Understanding mechanisms of pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection:Application to analysis of bromate, arsenic and selenium species in drinking water by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,3095-3104.
[28]Hwang, P. L., Wei, S. Y, Yeh, H. H., Ko, J. Y, Chang, C. C., Chen, S. H., Simultaneous determination of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole, in plasma by capillary electrophoresis combining on-column field-amplified sample injection and application in schizophrenia [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2778-2786.
[29]Ye, H., Xia, S., Yu, L., Xu, X., Zheng, C., Xu, H., Wang, L., Liu, X., Cai, Z., Chen, G, Solid-phase extraction-field-amplified sample injection coupled with CE-ESI-MS for online pre-concentration and quantitative analysis of brain-gut peptides[J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2823-2829.
[30]He, H. B., Lv, X. X., Yu, Q. W., Feng, Y. Q., Multiresidue determination of (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics in chicken by polymer monolith microextraction and field-amplified sample stacking procedures coupled to CE-UV [J]. Talanta 2010,82,1562-1570.
[31]Xu, L., Basheer, C., Lee, H. K., Solvent-bar microextraction of herbicides combined with non-aqueous field-amplified sample injection capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,6036-6043.
[32]Herrera-Herrera, A. V., Hernandez-Borges, J., Borges-Miquel, T. M., Rodriguez-Delgado, M. A., Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in waters [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3457-3465.
[33]Fang, H., Vickrey, T. L., Venton, B. J., Analysis of biogenic amines in a single drosophila larva brain by capillary electrophoresis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,2258-2264.
[34]Wei, R., Li, W., Yang, L., Jiang, Y, Xie, T., Online preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for sensitive determination of sorbic and benzoic acids in soy sauce[J]. Talanta 2011,83, 1487-1490.
[35]Xiang, Q., Gao, Y, Han, B., Li, J., Xu, Y, Yin, J., Determination of arecoline in areca nut based on field amplification in capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection[J]. Luminescence 2012,28,50-55.
[36]Zhao, Y. P., Lunte, C. E., pH-mediated field amplification on-column preconcentration of anions in physiological samples for capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1999,71,3985-3991.
[37]Weiss, D. J., Saunders, K., Lunte, C. E., pH-Mediated field-amplified sample stacking of pharmaceutical cations in high-ionic strength samples [J]. Electrophoresis 2001,22,59-65.
[38]Arnett, S. D., Lunte, C. E., Investigation of the mechanism of pH-mediated stacking of anions for the analysis of physiological samples by capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2003,24,1745-1752.
[39]Nevedomskaya, E., Ramautar, R., Derks, R., Westbroek, I., Zondag, G, van der Pluijm, I., Deelder, A. M., Mayboroda, O. A., CE-MS for metabolic profiling of volume-limited urine samples:application to accelerated aging TTD mice [J]. J. Proteome Res.2010,9,4869-4874.
[40]Bachmann, S., Bakry, R., Huck, C. W., Polato, F., Corradini, D., Bonn, G. K., Peptide mapping using capillary electrophoresis offline coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2830-2839.
[41]Chien, R. L., Burgi, D. S., Sample stacking of an extremely large injection volume in high-performance capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1992,64, 1046-1050.
[42]Lee, I. S. L., Boyce, M. C., Breadmore, M. C., Extraction and on-line concentration of flavonoids in Brassica oleracea by capillary electrophoresis using large volume sample stacking [J]. Food Chem.2012,133,205-211.
[43]Honegr, J., Safra, J., Polasek, M., Pospisilova, M., Large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching in CE for determination of natural polyphenols in plant extracts [J]. Chromatographia 2010,72,885-891.
[44]Quesada-Molina, C., del Olmo-Iruela, M., Garcia-Campana, A. M., Trace determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water and grape samples by capillary zone electrophoresis using large volume sample stacking[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2010,397,2593-2601.
[45]Bernad, J. O., Damascelli, A., Nunez, O., Galceran, M. T., In-line preconcentration capillary zone electrophoresis for the analysis of haloacetic acids in water [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2123-2130.
[46]Fan, L. Y, He, T., Tang, Y. Y, Zhang, W., Song, C. J., Zhao, X., Zhao, X. Y, Cao, C. X., Sensitive determination of barbiturates in biological matrix by capillary electrophoresis using online large-volume sample stacking [J]. J. Forensic Sci. 2012,57,813-819.
[47]Iqbal, J., Muller, C. E., High-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis method for monitoring purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase reactions by a reversed electrode polarity switching mode[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218, 4764-4771.
[48]Wang, Z., Liu, C., Kang, J., A highly sensitive method for enantioseparation of fenoprofen and amino acid derivatives by capillary electrophoresis with on-line sample preconcentration [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,1775-1779.
[49]Kawai, T., Koino, H., Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Highly sensitive chiral analysis in capillary electrophoresis with large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1246,28-34.
[50]Kawai, T., Watanabe, M., Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Highly sensitive oligosaccharide analysis in capillary electrophoresis using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012, 1232,52-58.
[51]Fukushima, E., Yagi, Y, Yamamoto, S., Nakatani, Y, Kakehi, K., Hayakawa, T., Suzuki, S., Partial filling affinity capillary electrophoresis using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump for sensitive profiling of glycoprotein-derived oligosaccharides[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1246,84-89.
[52]Kawai, T., Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Microchip electrophoresis of oligosaccharides using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump in a single channel [J]. Anal. Chem.2010,82,6504-6511.
[53]Zhang, H., Zhou, L., Chen, X. Improving sensitivity by large-volume sample stacking combined with sweeping without polarity switching by capillary electrophoresis coupled to photodiode array ultraviolet detection [J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29,1556-1564.
[54]Zhang, H. G, Zhu, J. H., Qi, S. D., Yan, N., Chen, X. G, Extremely large volume electrokinetic stacking of cationic molecules in MEKC by EOF modulation with strong acids in sample solutions [J]. Anal. Chem.2009,81,8886-8891.
[55]Li, P., Zhang, X., Hu, B., Phase transfer membrane supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with large volume sample injection capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection for the speciation of inorganic and organic mercury [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,9414-9421.
[56]Herrera-Herrera, A. V., Ravelo-Perez, L. M., Hernandez-Borges, J., Afonso, M. M., Palenzuela, J. A., Rodriguez-Delgado, M., Oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of quinolone antibiotics from water samples using capillary electrophoresis and large volume sample stacking with polarity switching[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,5352-5361.
[57]Jung, B., Bharadwaj, R., Santiago, J. G., On-Chip millionfold sample stacking using transient isotachophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.2006,78,2319-2327.
[58]Shihabi, Z. K., A simple approach to enhance detection in capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol.2010,33,1562-1575.
[59]Persat, A., Chivukula, R. R., Mendell, J. T., Santiago, J. G, Quantification of global microRNA abundance by selective isotachophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem. 2010,82,9631-9635.
[60]Persat, A., Santiago, J. G, MicroRNA profiling by simultaneous selective isotachophoresis and hybridization with molecular beacons [J]. Anal. Chem. 2011,83,2310-2316.
[61]Bercovici, M., Kaigala, G. V., Mach, K. E., Han, C. M., Liao, J. C., Santiago, J. G, Rapid detection of urinary tract infections using isotachophoresis and molecular beacons [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,4110-4117.
[62]Saito, S., Massie, T. L., Maeda, T., Nakazumi, H., Colyer, C. L., On-column labeling of gram-positive bacteria with a boronic acid functionalized squarylium cyanine dye for analysis by polymer-enhanced capillary transient isotachophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.2012,84,2452-2458.
[63]Aebersold, R., Morrison, H. D., Analysis of dilute peptide samples by capillary zone electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr.1990,516,79-88.
[64]Britz-McKibbin, P., Bebault, G M., Chen, D. D. Y, Velocity-difference induced focusing of nucleotides in capillary electrophoresis with a dynamic pH junction [J]. Anal. Chem.2000,72,1729-1735.
[65]Kazarian, A. A., Hilder, E. F., Breadmore, M. C., Online sample pre-concentration via dynamic pH junction in capillary and microchip electrophoresis [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011,34,2800-2821.
[66]Cao, C. X., Fan, L. Y., Zhang, W., Review on the theory of moving reaction boundary, electromigration reaction methods and applications in isoelectric focusing and sample pre-concentration [J]. Analyst 2008,133,1139-1157.
[67]Zhang, X., Xu, S., Sun, Y., Wang, Y, Wang, C., Simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in food products by CE after on-line preconcentration by dynamic pH junction[J]. Chromatographia 2011,73, 1217-1221.
[68]Cao, C., Zhang, W., Fan, L., Shao, J., Li, S., Comparative study on sample stacking by moving reaction boundary formed with weak acid and weak or strong alkali in capillary electrophoresis:I. Theory[J]. Talanta 2011,84, 651-658.
[69]Hasan, M. N., Park, S. H., Oh, E., Song, E. J., Ban, E., Yoo, Y. S., Sensitivity enhancement of CE and CE-MS for the analysis of peptides by a dynamic pH junction [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2010,33,3701-3709.
[70]Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Exceeding 5000-fold concentration of dilute analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Science 1998,282,465-468.
[71]Sueyoshi, K., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., On-line sample preconcentration and separation technique based on transient trapping in microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Chem.2008,80,1255-1262.
[72]Quirino, J. P., Sweeping of neutral analytes in partial-filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,665-668.
[73]Palmer, C. P., Hilder, E. F., Quirino, J. P., Haddad, P. R., Electrokinetic chromatography and mass spectrometric detection using latex nanoparticles as a pseudostationary phase [J]. Anal. Chem.2010,82,4046-4054.
[74]Cao, J., Dun, W. L., Separation and sweeping of flavonoids by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using mixed anionic and cationic surfactants [J]. Talanta 2011,84,155-159.
[75]Cheng, C., Tsai, H. R., Application of simple on-line sweeping sample concentration technique coupled micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous analysis of estrogen and androgen epimer [J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2011,56,728-735.
[76]Znaleziona, J., Maier, V., Petr, J., Chrastina, J., Sevcik, J., MEKC determination of nilutamide in human serum using sweeping in high salt sample matrix [J]. Chromatographia 2011,74,151-155.
[77]Darji, V., Boyce, M. C., Bennett, I., Breadmore, M. C., Quirino, J., Determination of food grade antioxidants using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2267-2271.
[78]Arroyo-Manzanares, N., Gamiz-Gracia, L., Garcia-Campana, A. M., Soto-Chinchilla, J. J., Garcia-Ayuso, L. E., On-line preconcentration for the determination of aflatoxins in rice samples by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2180-2185.
[79]Lin, K. C., Hsieh, M. M., Chang, C. W., Lin, E. P., Wu, T. H., Stacking and separation of aspartic acid enantiomers under discontinuous system by capillary electrophoresis with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection [J]. Talanta 2010,82,1912-1918.
[80]Kitagawa, S., Noji, A., Matsushita, N., Nakagawa, H., Asai, T., Ohitani, H., Large-volume sample on-line concentration of angiotensins in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,1480-1485.
[81]Liu, J. J., Jiang, M., Li, G., Xu, L., Xie, M. J., Miniaturized salting-out liquid-liquid extraction of sulfonamides from different matrices [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010,679,74-80.
[82]Wu, W. C., Tsai, I. L., Sun, S. W., Kuo, C. H., Using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine melamine in food [J]. Food Chem. 2011,128,783-789.
[83]Fang, H., Yang, F., Sun, J., Tian, Y, Zeng, Z., Xu, Y, Centrifuge microextraction coupled with sweeping-MEKC to analyze trace steroid hormones in urine samples [J]. Talanta 2011,85,2148-2153.
[84]Moreno-Gonzalez, D., Gamiz-Gracia, L., Garcia-Campana, A. M., Bosque-Sendra, J. M., Use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of carbamates in juice samples by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2011,400,1329-1338.
[85]Zhang, S., Yang, X., Yin, X., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of some neonicotinoid insecticides in cucumber samples [J]. Food Chem.2012,133,544-550
[86]Zhang, S., Yin, X., Yang, Q., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Determination of some sulfonylurea herbicides in soil by a novel liquid-phase microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011,401,1071-1081.
[87]Quirino, J. P., Neutral analyte focusing by micelle collapse in micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2008,1214,171-177.
[88]Quirino, J. P., Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,294-299.
[89]Liu, L., Deng, X., Chen, X., Micelle to trapping solution stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,175-178.
[90]Quirino, J. P., Aranas, A. T., Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium dodecyl sulfate [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,7377-7383.
[91]Quirino, J. P., Aranas, A. T., Simultaneous electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection with on-line sample concentration via micelle to solvent stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012,733,84-89.
[92]Quirino, J. P., Anres, P., Sirieix-Plenet, J., Delaunay, N., Gareil, P., Potential of long chain ionic liquids for on-line sample concentration techniques:Application to micelle to solvent stacking [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,5718-5724.
[93]Zhu, H. D., Ren, C. L., Hu, S. Q., Zhou, X. M., Chen, H. L., Chen, X. G, Thousand fold concentration of an alkaloid in capillary zone electrophoresis by micelle to solvent stacking[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,733-738.
[94]Wang, Y. C., Stevens, A. L., Han, J., Million-fold preconcentration of proteins and peptides by nanofluidic filter [J]. Anal. Chem.2005,77,4293-4299.
[95]Ko, S. H., Kim, S. J., Cheow, L. F., Li, L. D., Kang, K. H., Han, J., Massively parallel concentration device for multiplexed immunoassays [J]. Lab. Chip 2011, 11,1351-1358.
[96]Wu, Z. Y., Li, C. Y., Guo, X. L., Li, B., Zhang, D. W., Xu, Y, Fang, F., Nanofracture on fused silica microchannel for Donnan exclusion based electrokinetic stacking of biomolecules [J]. Lab. Chip 2012,12,3408-3412.
[97]Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Approaching a million-fold sensitivity increase in capillary electrophoresis with direct ultraviolet detection:□ cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping [J]. Anal. Chem.2000,72,1023-1030.
[98]Wang, C.C., Chen, C. C., Wang, S. J., Wu, S. M., Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of methadone and its metabolites in serum of heroin addicts[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,6832-6837.
[99]Anres, P., Delaunay, N., Vial, J., Gareil, P., A chemometric approach for the elucidation of the parameter impact in the hyphenation of field-enhanced sample injection and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33, 1169-1181.
[100]Tsai, I. L., Liu, H. Y, Kuo, P. H., Wang, J. Y, Shen, L. J., Kuo, C. H., Quantitative determination of isoniazid in biological samples by cation-selective exhaustive injection-sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2011,401,2205-2214.
[101]Yang, Y, Nie, H., Li, C., Bai, Y, Li, N., Liao, J., Liu, H., On-line concentration and determination of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines by cation-selective exhaustive injection-sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Talanta 2010,82,1797-1801.
[102]Fan, Y, Hense, M., Ludewig, R., Weisgerber, C., Scriba, G. K. E., Capillary electrophoresis-based sirtuin assay using non-peptide substrates [J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2011,54,772-778.
[103]Li, X., Hu, J., Han, H., Determination of cypromazine and its metabolite melamine in milk by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping-capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011, 34,323-330.
[104]Jin, Y., Meng, L., Li, M., Zhu, Z., Highly sensitive detection of melamine and its derivatives by capillary electrophoresis coupled with online preconcentration techniques[J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3913-3920.
[105]Maij6, I., Borrull, F., Aguilar, C., Calull, M., On-column preconcentration of anti-inflammatory drugs in river water by anion-selective exhaustive injection-sweeping-MEKC [J]. Chromatographia 2011,73,83-91.
[106]Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Cai, Z., Chen, G., Dynamic pH junction-sweeping for on-line focusing of dipeptides in capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection[J]. Analyst 2011,136,1852-1858.
[107]Huang, W. Y, Li, L. J., Hu, D. C., Wu, M. Y, Gao, W. Y, Lai, Y B., Li, Y. Q., Separation and determination of salidroside, caffeic acid and gallic acid in Rhodiola L. by large-volume sample stacking-sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Asian J. Chem.2012,24,2155-2158.
[108]Kim, J., Choi, K., Cho, S., Riaz, A., Chung, D. S., Isotachophoretically assisted on-line complexation of trace metal ions in a highly saline matrix for capillary electrophoresis [J]. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.2012,33,790-794.
[109]Quirino, J. P., Two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis featuring sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking:Ⅰ. Organic cations[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,7776-7780.
[110]Quirino, J. P., Guidote, A. M., Jr., Two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis featuring sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking:Ⅱ. Organic anions [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,1004-1010.
[111]Wang, Q., Qiu, H., Han, H., Liu, X., Jiang, S., Two-step stacking by sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking using a long-chain cationic ionic liquid surfactant [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2012,35,589-595.
[112]Wang, Z. F., Cheng, S., Ge, S. L., Wang, H., Wang, Q. J., He, P. G, Fang, Y Z., Ultrasensitive detection of bacteria by microchip electrophoresis based on multiple-concentration approaches combining chitosan sweeping, field-amplified sample stacking, and reversed-field stacking [J]. Anal. Chem.2012,84, 1687-1694.
[113]Cheng, H. L., Chiou, S. S., Liao, Y. M., Lu, C. Y., Chen, Y. L., Wu, S. M., Analysis of methotrexate and its eight metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and triple-stacking capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2010,398,2183-2190.
[114]Xia, Z., Gan, T., Chen, H., Lv, R., Wei, W., Yang, F., A new open tubular capillary microextraction and sweeping for the analysis of super low concentration of hydrophobic compounds [J]. J. Sep. Sci.2010,33,3221-3230.
[115]Dawod, M., Chung, D. S., High-sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging[J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011,34, 2790-2799.
[116]Xu, Z., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., High-sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging preconcentration: Insight into the stacking mechanism via computer modeling[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,660-670.
[117]Breadmore, M. C., Thabano, J. R. E., Dawod, M., Kazarian, A. A., Quirino, J. P., Guijt, R. M., Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2006-2008) [J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,230-248.
[118]Gebauer, P., Thormann, W., Bocek, P., Sample self-stacking and sample stacking in zone electrophoresis with major sample components of like charge: General model and scheme of possible modes [J]. Electrophoresis 1995,16, 2039-2050.
[119]Breadmore, M. C., Unlimited-volume stacking of ions in capillary electrophoresis. Part 1:Stationary (?)sotachophoretic stacking of anions [J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29,1082-1091
[120]Breadmore, M. C., Electroosmoic flow-balanced isotachophoretic stacking with continuous electrokinetic injection for the concentration of anions in high conductivity samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,3900-3906.
[121]Breadmore, M. C., Quirino, J. P.,100 000-Fold concentration of anions in capillary zone electrophoresis using electroosmotic flow controlled counterflow isotachophoretic stacking under field amplified conditions[J]. Anal. Chem.2008, 80,6373-6381.
[122]Dawod, M., Breadmore, M. C., Guijt, R. M., Haddad, P. R., Counter-flow electrokinetic supercharging for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216, 3380-3386.
[123]Meighan, M. M., Dawod, M., Guijt, R. M., Hayes, M. A., Breadmore, M. C., Pressure-assisted electrokinetic supercharging for the enhancement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218, 6750-6755.
[124]Lu, Y. Q., Breadmore, M. C., Analysis of phenolic acids by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis after electrokinetic supercharging [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,7282-7287.
[125]Zhong, H., Yao, Q., Breadmore, M. C., Li, Y, Lu, Y, Analysis of flavonoids by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrokinetic supercharging [J]. Analyst 2011,136,4486-4491.
[126]Hirokawa, T., Koshimidzu, E., Xu, Z. Q., Electrokinetic sample injection for high-sensitivity capillary zone electrophoresis (part 1):Effects of electrode configuration and setting [J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29,3786-3793.
[127]Xu, Z. Q., Koshimidzu, E., Hirokawa, T., Electrokinetic sample injection for high-sensitivity CZE (part 2):Improving the quantitative repeatability and application of electrokinetic supercharging-CZE to the detection of atmospheric electrolytes [J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,3534-3539.
[128]Xu, Z. Q., Nakamura, K., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., Another approach toward over 100000-fold sensitivity increase in capillary electrophoresis: electrokinetic supercharging with optimized sample injection [J]. Anal. Chem. 2011,83,398-401.
[129]Xu, Z., Kawahito, K., Ye, X., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., Electrokinetic supercharging with a system-induced terminator and an optimized capillary versus electrode configuration for parts-per-trillion detection of rare-earth elements in CZE [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,1195-1200.
[130]Zheng, L., Zhang, L., Tong, P., Zheng, X., Chi, Y., Chen, G., Highly sensitive transient isotachophoresis sample stacking coupling with capillary electrophoresis-amperometric detection for analysis of doping substances [J]. Talanta 2010,81,1288-1294.
[131]Huang, L., Lin, Q., Chen, Y., Chen, G., Transient isotachophoresis with field-amplified sample injection for on-line preconcentration and enantioseparation of some β-agonists [J]. Anal. Methods 2011,3,294-298.
[132]Breadmore, M. C., Dawod, M., Quirino, J. P., Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2008-2010) [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,127-148.
[133]Veraart, J. R., Lingeman, H., Brinkman, U. A. T., Coupling of biological sample handling and capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 1999,856,483-514.
[134]Puig, P., Borrull, F., Calull, M., Aguilar, C., Sorbent preconcentration procedures coupled to capillary electrophoresis for environmental and biological application[J]. Anal. China. Acta 2008,616,1-18.
[135]Ramautar, R., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2009-2011 [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33,243-250.
[136]Ramautar, R., Somsen, G. W., de Jong, G. J., Recent developments in coupled SPE-CE [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,44-54.
[137]Namera, A., Nakamoto, A., Saito, T., Miyazaki, S., Monolith as a new sample preparation material:Recent devices and applications[J]. J. Sep. Sci.2011,34, 901-924.
[138]Giordano, B. C., Burgi, D. S., Hart, S. J., Terray, A., On-line sample pre-concentration in microfluidic devices:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 718,11-24.
[139]Hsu, C. C., Whang, C. W., Microscale solid phase extraction of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water and guava fruit extract using alumina-coated iron oxide nanoparticles followed by capillary electrophoresis and electrochemiluminescence detection[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216, 8575-8580.
[140]Chang, C. W., Chu, S. P., Tseng, W. L., Selective extraction of melamine using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped gold nanoparticles followed by capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,7800-7806.
[141]Dou, P., Liang, L., He, J., Liu, Z., Chen, H. Y, Boronate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and off-line hyphenation with capillary electrophoresis for specific extraction and analysis of biomolecules containingcis-diols [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,7558-7563.
[142]Dong, Y. L., Zhang, H. J., Yan, N., Zhou L., Zhang Z. Y, Rahman, Z. U., Chen, X. G., Preparation of guanidine group functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and the application in preconcentration and separation of acidic protein[J]. J. Nanosci.Nanotech.2011,11,10387-10395.
[143]Maijo, I., Borrull, F., Calull, M., Aguilar, C., An in-line SPE strategy to enhance sensitivity in CE for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in river water samples [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,2114-2122.
[144]Botello, I., Borrull, F., Aguilar, C., Calull, M., Investigation of in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in water samples [J]. Electrophoresis 2012,33,528-535.
[145]Medina-Casanellas, S., Benavente, F., Barbosa, J., Sanz-Nebot, V., Transient isotachophoresis in on-line solid phase extraction capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight-mass spectrometry for peptide analysis in human plasma [J]. Electrophoresis 2011,32,1750-1759.
[146]Medina-Casanellas, S., Benavente, F., Barbosa, J., Sanz-Nebot, V., Preparation and evaluation of an immunoaffinity sorbent for the analysis of opioid peptides by on-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012,717,134-142.
[147]Okamoto, Y., Kitagawa, F., Otsuka, K., Online concentration and affinity separation of biomolecules using multifunctional particles in capillary electrophoresis under magnetic field [J]. Anal. Chem.2007,79,3041-3047.
[148]Lee, W. H., Wang, C. W., Her, G. R., Staggered multistep elution solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry:a high-throughput approach in protein analysis[J]. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.2011,25,2124-2130.
[149]Wang, C., Jemere, A. B., Harrison, D. J., Multifunctional protein processing chip with integrated digestion, solid-phase extraction, separation and electrospray [J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,3703-3710.
[150]Qu, P., Lei, J., Zhang, L., Ouyang, R., Ju, H., Molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles as tunable stationary phase located in microfluidic channel for enantioseparation [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,6115-6121.
[151]Tennico, Y. H., Remcho, V. T., In-line extraction employing functionalized magnetic particles for capillary and microchip electrophoresis[J]. Electrophoresis 2010,31,2548-2557.
[152]Chamieh, J., Faye, C., Dugas, V., Moreau, T., Vandenabeele-Trambouze, O., Demesmay, C., Preparation and full characterization of a micro-immunoaffinity monolithic column and its in-line coupling with capillary zone electrophoresis with Ochratoxin A as model solute [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1232,93-100.
[153]Feng, A., Tran, N. T., Chen, C., Hu, J., Taverna, M., Zhou, P., In-line coupling SPE and CE for DNA preconcentration and separation[J]. Electrophoresis 2011, 32,1623-1630.
[154]Hernandez, E., Benavente, F., Sanz-Nebot, V., Barbosa, J., Analysis of opioid peptides by on-line SPE-CE-ESI-MS[J]. Electrophoresis 2007,28,3957-3965.
[155]Hernandez, E., Benavente, F., Sanz-Nebot, V., Barbosa, J., Evaluation of on-line solid phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry for the analysis of neuropeptides in human plasma[J]. Electrophoresis 2008,29, 3366-3376.
[156]Scida, K., Stege, P. W., Haby, G, Messina, G. A., Garcia, C. D., Recent applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in analytical chemistry:Critical review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2011,691,6-17.
[157]ALOthman, Z. A., Dawod, M., Kim, J., Chung, D. S., Single-drop microextraction as a powerful pretreatment tool for capillary electrophoresis:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012,739,14-24.
[158]Breadmore, M. C., Ionic liquid-based liquid phase microextraction with direct injection for capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218, 1347-1352.
[159]Choi, J., Choi, K., Kim, J., Ahmed, A. Y. B.H., ALOthman, Z. A., Chung, D. S., Sensitive analysis of amino acids with carrier-mediated single drop microextraction in-line coupled with capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,7227-7233.
[160]Hu, S., Li, P. C. H., Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic separation and fluorescent detection of amino acids derivatized with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2000,876,183-191.
[161]Park, Y. K., Choi, K., Ahmed, A. Y. B. H., ALOthman, Z. A., Chung, D. S., Selective preconcentration of amino acids and peptides using single drop microextraction in-line coupled with capillary electrophoresis[J]. J. Chromatogr. A2010,1217,3357-3361.
[162]Beijersten, I., Westerlund, D., Derivatization of dipeptides with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole for laser-induced fluorescence and separation by micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 1995, 716,389-399.
[163]Gao, W. H., Chen, G. P., Chen, Y. W., Li, N. N., Chen, T. F., Hu, Z. D., Selective extraction of alkaloids in human urine by on-line single drop microextraction coupled with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,5712-5717.
[164]Zhu, Z., Zhou, X., Yan, N., Zhou, L., Chen, X., On-line combination of single-drop liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with capillary electrophoresis for sample cleanup and preconcentration:A simple and efficient approach to determining trace analyte in real matrices[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217, 1856-1861.
[165]Audunsson, G., Aqueous/aqueous extraction by means of a liquid membrane for sample cleanup and preconcentration of amines in a flow system [J]. Anal. Chem. 1986,58,2714-2723.
[166]Lee, J., Lee, H. K., Rasmussen, K. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., Environmental and bioanalytical applications of hollow fiber membrane liquid-phase microextraction:A review [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008,624,253-268.
[167]Lucena, R., Cruz-Vera, M., Cardenas, S., Valcarcel, M., Liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical sample preparation [J]. Bioanalysis 2009,1, 135-149.
[168]Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., Rasmussen, K. E., Liquid-phase microextraction with porous hollow fibers, a miniaturized and highly flexible format for liquid-liquid extraction[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2008,1184,132-142.
[169]Almeda, S., Nozal, L., Arce, L., Valcarcel, M., Direct determination of chlorophenols present in liquid samples by using a supported liquid membrane coupled in-line with capillary electrophoresis equipment [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 2007,587,97-103.
[170]Nozal, L., Arce, L., Simonet, B. M., Rios, A., Valcarcel, M., New supported liquid membrane-capillary electrophoresis in-line arrangement for direct selective analysis of complex samples[J]. Electrophoresis 2006,27,3075-3085.
[171]Nozal, L., Arce, L., Simonet, B. M., Rios, A., Valcarcel, M., In-line liquid-phase microextraction for selective enrichment and direct electrophoretic analysis of acidic drugs [J]. Electrophoresis 2007,28,3284-3289.
[172]Kuban, P., Bocek, P., On-line coupling of a clean-up device with supported liquid membrane to capillary electrophoresis for direct injection and analysis of serum and plasma samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1234,2-8.
[173]Slampova, A., Kuban, P., Bocek, P., Electromembrane extraction using stabilized constant d.c. electric current-A simple tool for improvement of extraction performance[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2012,1234,32-37.
[174]See, H. H., Hauser, P. C., Electric field-driven extraction of lipophilic anions across a carrier-mediated polymer inclusion membrane [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83, 7507-7513.
[1]Jorgenson, J. W., Lukacs, K. D. A., Zone electrophoresis in open-tubular glass capillaries [J]. Anal. Chem.1981,53,1298-1302.
[2]Moring, S. E., Reel, R. T. van Soest, R. E. J., Optical improvements of a Z-shaped cell for high-sensitivity UV absorbance detection in capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1993,65,3454-3459.
[3]Xue, Y, Yeung, E. S., Characterization of band broadening in capillary electrophoresis due to nonuniform capillary geometries[J]. Anal. Chem.1994,66, 3575-3580.
[4]Xu, Z., Nakamura, K., Timerbaev, A. R., Hirokawa, T., Another approach toward over 100000-fold sensitivity increase in capillary electrophoresis:electrokinetic supercharging with optimized sample injection[J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83, 398-401.
[5]Dada, O. O., Essaka, D. C., Hindsgaul, O., Palcic, M. M., Prendergast, J., Schnaar, R. L., Dovichi N. J., Nine orders of magnitude dynamic range:picomolar to millimolar concentration measurement in capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection employing cascaded avalanche photodiode photon counters [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,2748-2753.
[6]Diekmann, J., Adams, K. L., Klunder G. L., Evans, L., Steele, P., Vogt, C., Herberg, J. L., Portable microcoil NMR detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.2011,83,1328-1335.
[7]Chien, R. L.; Burgi, D. S., Sample stacking of an extremely large injection volume in high-performance capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.1992,64, 1046-1050.
[8]He, Y.; Lee, H. K., Large-volume sample stacking in acidic buffer for analysis of small organic and inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem. 1999,71,995-1001.
[9]Zhang, C. X., Thormann, W., Head-column field-amplified sample stacking in binary system capillary electrophoresis.2. Optimization with a preinjection plug and application to micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Anal. Chem.1998, 70,540-548.
[10]Mohamadi, M. R., Kaji, N., Tokeshi, M., Baba, Y., Online preconcentration by transient isotachophoresis in linear polymer on a poly (methyl methacrylate) microchip for separation of human serum albumin immunoassay mixtures[J] Anal. Chem.2007,79,3667-3672.
[11]Jung, B., Bharadwaj, R., Santiago, J. G., On-chip millionfold sample stacking using transient isotachophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.2006,78,2319-2327.
[12]Gebauer, P., Thormann, W., Bocek, P., Sample self-stacking in zone electrophoresis:Theoretical description of the zone electrophoretic separation of minor compounds in the presence of bulk amounts of a sample component with high mobility and like charge [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 1992,608,47-57.
[13]Britz-McKibbin, P., Chen, D. D. Y., Selective focusing of catecholamines and weakly acidic compounds by capillary electrophoresis using a dynamic pH junction[J]. Anal. Chem.2000,72,1242-1252.
[14]Britz-McKibbin, P., Otsuka, K., Terabe, S., On-line focusing of flavin derivatives using dynamic pH junction-sweeping capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection[J]. Anal. Chem.2002,74,3736-3743.
[15]Cao, C. X., He, Y. Z., Li, M., Qian, Y. T., Gao, M. F., Ge, L. H., Zhou, S. L., Yang, L., Qu, Q. S., Stacking ionizable analytes in a sample matrix with high salt by a transient moving chemical reaction boundary method in capillary zone electrophoresis [J]. Anal. Chem.2002,74,4167-4174.
[16]Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Exceeding 5000-fold concentration of dilute analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Science,1998,282,465-468.
[17]Quirino, J. P., Haddad, P. R., Online sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis using analyte focusing by micelle collapse [J]. Anal. Chem.2008, 80,6824-6829.
[18]Quirino, J. P., Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,294-299.
[19]Guidote Jr, A. M., Quirino, J. P., On-line sample concentration of organic anions in capillary zone electrophoresis by micelle to solvent stacking[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,6290-6295.
[20]Liu, L., Deng, X., Chen, X., Micelle to trapping solution stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2010,1217,175-178.
[21]Zhu, H., Ren, C., Hu, S., Zhou, X., Chen, H., Chen, X., Thousand fold concentration of an alkaloid in capillary zone electrophoresis by micelle to solvent stacking [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2011,1218,733-738.
[22]M. C. Breadmore, J. P. Quirino,100000-fold concentration of anions in capillary zone electrophoresis using electroosmotic flow controlled counterflow isotachophoretic stacking under field amplified conditions [J]. Anal. Chem.2008, 80,6373-6381.
[23]Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Qi, S., Yan, N., Chen, X., Extremely large volume electrokinetic stacking of cationic molecules in mekc by eof modulation with strong acids in sample solutions[J]. Anal. Chem.2009,81,8886-8891.
[24]Lu, W., Poon, G. K., Carmichael, P. L., Cole, R. B., Analysis of tamoxifen and its metabolites by on-line capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry employing nonaqueous media containing surfactants [J]. Anal. Chem. 1996,68,668-674.
[25]Palepu, R., Gharibi, H., Bloor, D., Wyn-Jones, E., Electrochemical studies associated with the micellization of cationic surfactants in aqueous mixtures of ethylene glycol and glycerol [J]. Langmuir 1993,9,110-112.
[26]Walbroehl, Y., Jorgenson, J. W., Capillary zone electrophoresis of neutral organic molecules by solvophobic association with tetraalkylammonium ion [J]. Anal. Chem.1986,58,479-481.
[1]Jr. Woessner, J. F., The determination of hydroxyproline in tissue and protein samples containing small proportions of this imino acid [J]. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.1961,93,440-447.
[2]Adams, E., Frank, L., Metabolism of proline and the hydroxyprolines [J], Ann. Rev. Biochem.1980,49,1005-1061.
[3]Deacon, A. C., Hulme, P., Hesp, R., Green, J. R., Tellez, M., Reeve J., Estimation of whole body bone resorption rate:A comparison of urinary total hydroxyproline excretion with two radioisotopic tracer methods in osteoporosis [J]. Clin. Chim. Acta 1987,166,297-306.
[4]Bates, S. E., Longo, D. L., Tumor markers:Value and limitations in the management of cancer patients [J]. Cancer Treat. Rev.1985,12,163-207.
[5]Hill, F., The solubility of intramuscular collagen in meat animals of various ages [J]. J. Food Sci.1966,31,161-166.
[6]Wee, S. L. Sabrina, M. http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE71H1LX 20110218,2011, accessed 5.14.2013.
[7]Milk and dairy products in the identification of animal protein hydrolysate certification, The Minister of Health of the People's Republic of China.2011.
[8]Bergman, I., Loxley, R., Two improved and simplified methods for the spectrophotometric determination of hydroxyproline [J]. Anal. Chem.1963,35, 1961-1965
[9]Berg, R. A., Determination of 3- and 4-hydroxyproline[J]. Methods Enzymol. 1982,82,372-398.
[10]Kataoka, H., Nabeshima, N., Nagao, K. Makita, M. Selective and sensitive determination of urinary total proline and hydroxyproline by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection [J]. Clin. Chim. Acta.1993, 214,13-20.
[11]Messia, M., Di Falco, T., Panfili, G, Marconi, E. Rapid determination of collagen in meat-based foods by microwave hydrolysis of proteins and HPAEC-PAD analysis of 4-hydroxyproline [J]. Meat Sci.2008,80,401-409.
[12]C. Campargue, C. Lafitte, M. T. Esquerre-Tugaye, D. Mazau, Analysis of hydroxyproline and hydroxyproline-arabinosides of plant origin by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection[J]. Anal. Biochem.2008,257,20-25.
[13]Roth, M., Fluorimetric determination of free hydroxyproline and proline in blood plasma[J]. Clin. Chim. Acta 1978,83,273-277.
[14]Kakinuma, M., Watanabe, Y, Hori, Y, Oh-i, T., Tsuboi, R., Quantification of hydroxyproline in small amounts of skin tissue using isocratic high performance liquid chromatography with NBD-F as fluorogenic reagent [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2005,824,161-165.
[15]Imai, K., Watanaba, Y, Toyo'oka, T., Fluorometric assay of amino acids and amines by use of 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-F) in high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chromatographia 1982,16, 214-215.
[16]Watanabe, Y, Imai, K., High-performance liquid chromatography and sensitive detection of amino acids derivatized with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole[J]. Anal. Biochem.1981,116,471-472.
[17]Inoue, H., Kohashi, K., Tsuruta, Y, Simultaneous determination of serum and urinary hydroxyproline and proline by liquid chromatography using two fluorescent labeling reagents [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998,365,219-226.
[18]Hutson, P. R., Crawford, M. E., Sorkness, R. L., Liquid chromatographic determination of hydroxyproline in tissue samples [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2003, 791,427-430.
[19]Conventz, A., Musiol, A., Brodowsky, C. Muller-Lux, A. Dewes, P. Kraus, T. Schettgen, T., Simultaneous determination of 3-nitrotyrosine, tyrosine, hydroxyproline and proline in exhaled breath condensate by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2007,860,78-85.
[20]Chiang, M. T., Lu, M. C., Whang, C. W., A simple and low-cost electrochemiluminescence detector for capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2003,24,3033-3039.
[21]Liang, H. Xue, J. Li, T. Wu, Y. A rapid capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence method for the assay of human urinary proline and hydroxyproline[J]. Luminescence 2005,20,287-291.
[22]Tuma, P., Samcova, E., Andelova, K., Determination of free amino acids and related compounds in amniotic fluid by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2006,839,12-18.
[23]Mayboroda, O. A., Neusuβ, C., Pelzing, M., Zurek, G, Derks, R., Meulenbelt, I., Kloppenburg, M., Slagboom, E. P., Deelder, A. M., Amino acid profiling in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1159,149-153.
[24]Chu, Q., Evans, B. T., Zeece, M. G, Quantitative separation of 4-hydroxyproline from skeletal muscle collagen by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 1997,692,293-301.
[25]Dugan, M., Thacker, R., Aalhus, J., Jeremiah, L., Lien, K., Analysis of 4-hydroxyproline using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol derivatization and micellar electrokinetic chromatography combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2000,744,195-199.
[26]Waterval, J. C. M., Lingeman, H., Bult, A., Underberg, W. J. M., Derivatization trends in capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2000,21,4029-4045.
[27]Underberg, W. J. M., Waterval, J. C. M., Derivatization trends in capillary electrophoresis:An update [J]. Electrophoresis 2002,23,3922-3933.
[28]Zhang, Y., Gomez, F. A., On-column derivatization and analysis of amino acids, peptides, and alkylamines by anhydrides using capillary electrophoresis [J]. Electrophoresis 2000,21,3305-3310.
[29]Potier, I. L., Franck, G, Smadja, C., Varlet, S., Taverna, M., In-capillary derivatization approach applied to the analysis of insulin by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2004,1046,271-276.
[30]Lee, I. H., Pinto, D., Arriaga, E. A., Zhang, Z., Dovichi, N. J., Picomolar analysis of proteins using electrophoretically mediated microanalysis and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection[J]. Anal. Chem.1998, 70,4546-4548.
[31]Latorre, R. M., Hernandez-Cassou, S., Saurina, J., Strategies for in-capillary derivatization of amino acids in capillary electrophoresis using 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate as a labeling reagent [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 934,105-112.
[32]Imai, K. Watanabe, Y. Fluorimetric determination of secondary amino acids by 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta 1981,130, 377-383.
[33]Zhang, H., Le Potier, I., Smadja, C., Zhang, J., Taverna, M., Fluorescent detection of peptides and amino acids for capillary electrophoresis via on-line derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2006,386,1387-1394.
[34]Zhou, L., Luo, Z., Wang, S., Hui, Y., Hu, Z., Chen, X., In-capillary derivatization and laser-induced fluorescence detection for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1149,377-384.
[35]Zhou, L., Zhou, X., Luo, Z., Wang, W., Yan, N., Hu, Z., In-capillary derivatization and analysis of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2008,1190,383-389.
[36]Watanabe, Y., Imai, K., Pre-column labelling for high-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and its application to protein hydrolysates [J]. J. Chromatogr.1982,239,723-732.
[37]Zhu, X., Shaw, P. N., Pritchard, J., Newbury, J., Hunt, E. J., Barrett, D. A., Amino acid analysis by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection:Application to nanolitre-volume biological samples from Arabidopsis thaliana and Myzus persicae [J]. Electrophoresis 2005, 26,911-919.
[38]Tojo, Y, Hamase, K., Nakata, M., Morikawa, A., Mita, M., Ashida, Y, Lindner, W., Automated and simultaneous two-dimensional micro-high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of proline and hydroxyproline enantiomers in mammals[J]. J. Chromatogr. B 2008,875,174-179.
[39]Chiang, M. T., Whang, C. W., Tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ⅲ)-based electrochemiluminescence detector with indium/tin oxide working electrode for capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2001,934,59-66.
[1]Dou, P., Liang, L., He, J., Liu, Z., Chen, H. Y., Boronate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and off-line hyphenation with capillary electrophoresis for specific extraction and analysis of biomolecules containing cis-diols[J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,7558-7563.
[2]Kim, J., Piao, Y., Lee, N., Park, Y. I., Lee, I. H., Lee, J. H., Paik, S. R., Hyeon, T., Magnetic nanocomposite spheres decorated with NiO nanoparticles for a magnetically recyclable protein separation system[J]. Adv. Mater.2010,22, 57-60.
[3]Palecek, E., Fojta, M., Magnetic beads as versatile tools for electrochemical DNA and protein biosensing [J]. Talanta 2007,74,276-290.
[4]Franzreb, M., Siemann-Herzberg, M., Hobley, T. J., Thomas, O. R. T., Protein purification using magnetic adsorbent particles [J]. Appl. Microbiol. Biot.2006, 70,505-516.
[5]Yu, S., S. Lee, B., Kang, M., Martin, C. R., Size-based protein separations in poly(ethylene glycol)-derivatized gold nanotubule membranes[J]. Nano Lett. 2001,1,495-498.
[6]Striemer, C. C., Gaborski, T. R., McGrath, J. L., Fauchet, P. M., Charge- and size-based separation of macromolecules using ultrathin silicon membranes [J]. Nature 2007,445,749-753.
[7]Saxena, A., Tripathi, B. P., Shahi, V. K., An improved process for separation of proteins using modified chitosan-silica cross-linked charged ultrafilter membranes under coupled driving forces:Isoelectric separation of proteins [J]. J. Colloid Interf. Sci.2008,319,252-262.
[8]Saxena, A., Kumar, M., Tripathi, B. P., Shahi, V. K., Organic-inorganic hybrid charged membranes for proteins separation:Isoelectric separation of proteins under coupled driving forces [J]. Sep. Purif. Technol.2010,70,280-290.
[9]Pan, J., Yang, Q., Antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen using a flow-injection electrochemical device[J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2007,388,279-286.
[10]Liu, Z. M., Yang, H. F., Li, Y. F., Liu, Y. L., Shen, G. L., Yu, R. Q., Core-shell magnetic nanoparticles applied for immobilization of antibody on carbon paste electrode and amperometric immunosensing [J]. Sensor. Actuat. B 2006,113, 956-962.
[11]Hsing, I. M., Xu, Y, Zhao, W., Micro- and Nano- magnetic particles for applications in biosensing [J]. Electroanalysis 2007,19,755-768.
[12]Lee, J. H., Kim, Y, Ha, M. Y, Lee, E. K., Choo, J., Immobilization of aminophenylboronic acid on magnetic beads for the direct determination of glycoproteins by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectr.2005,16,1456-1460.
[13]Xu, X., Deng, C., Gao, M., Yu, W., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Synthesis of magnetic microspheres with immobilized metal ions for enrichment and direct determination of phosphopeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Adv. Mater.2006,18,3289-2393.
[14]Li, Y, Xu, X., Yan, B., Deng, C., Yu, W., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Microchip reactor packed with metal-ion chelated magnetic silica microspheres for highly efficient proteolysis [J]. J. Proteome Res.2007,6,2367-2375.
[15]Li, Y, Liu, Y, Tang, J., Lin, H., Yao, N., Shen, X., Deng, C., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Fe3O4@Al2O3 magnetic core-shell microspheres for rapid and highly specific capture of phosphopeptides with mass spectrometry analysis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2007,1172,57-71.
[16]Li, Y, Leng, T., Lin, H., Deng, C., Xu, X., Yao, N., Yang, P., Zhang, X., Preparation of Fe3O4@ZrO2 core-shell microspheres as affinity probes for selective enrichment and direct determination of phosphopeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry [J]. J. Proteome Res.2007,6,4498-4510.
[17]Schrader, T., Strong binding of alkylguanidinium ions by molecular tweezers:an artificial selective arginine receptor molecule with a biomimetic recognition pattern [J]. Chem. Eur. J.1997,3,1537-1541.
[18]Zakim, D., Hochman, Y, Kenney, W. C., Evidence for an active site arginine in UDP-glucuronyltransferase[J]. J. Biol. Chem.1983,258,6430-6434.
[19]Jubian, V., Dixon, R. P., Hamilton, A. D., Molecular recognition and catalysis. Acceleration of phosphodiester cleavage by a simple hydrogen-bonding receptor [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1992,114,1120-1121.
[20]Echavarren, A., Galan, A., Lehn, J. M., de Mendoza, J., Chiral recognition of aromatic carboxylate anions by an optically active abiotic receptor containing a rigid guanidinium binding subunit [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1989,111,4994-4995.
[21]Cotton, F. A., Day, V. W., Hazen, E. E., Larsen, S., Structure of methylguanidinium dihydrogen orthophosphate. Model compound for arginine-phosphate hydrogen bonding [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1973,95, 4834-4840.
[22]O' Brien, P. J., Herschlag, D., Does the active site arginine change the nature of the transition state for alkaline phosphatase-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer? [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999,121,11022-11023.
[23]Sasaki, D. Y, Kurihara K., Kunitake, T., Specific, multiple-point binding of ATP and AMP to a guanidinium-functionalized monolayer[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991,113,9685-9686.
[24]Kimura, K. Suzuki, H., Daiho, T., Yamasaki K., Kanazawa, T., Identification of arginyl residues located at the ATP binding site of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase:Modification with 1,2-cyclohexanedione[J]. J. Biol. Chem.1996, 271,28933-28941.
[25]Smith, J., Ariga, K., Anslyn, E. V., Enhanced imidazole-catalyzed RNA cleavage induced by a bis-alkylguanidinium receptor[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1993,115, 362-364.
[26]Nakase, I., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, G, Futaki, S., Methodological and cellular aspects that govern the internalization mechanisms of arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides [J]. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev.2008,60,598-607.
[27]Kim, T., Ou, M., Lee, M., Kim, S. W., Arginine-grafted bioreducible poly(disulfide amine) for gene delivery systems [J]. Biomaterials 2009,30, 658-664.
[28]Choi, J. S., Nam, K., Park, J. Y, Kim, J. B., Lee, J. K., Park, J. S., Enhanced transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimer by surface modification with L-arginine [J]. J. Control. Release 2004,99,445-456.
[29]Russ, V., Gunther, M., Halama, A., Ogris, M., Wagner, E., Oligoethylenimine-grafted polypropylenimine dendrimers as degradable and biocompatible synthetic vectors for gene delivery [J]. J. Control. Release 2008,132,131-140.
[30]Slowing, I., Trewyn, B. G, Lin, V. S. Y, Effect of surface functionalization of mcm-41-type mesoporous silica nanoparticles on the endocytosis by human cancer cells [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006,128,14792-14793.
[31]Chang, C. K., Wu, C. C., Wang, Y. S., Chang, H. C., Selective extraction and enrichment of multiphosphorylated peptides using polyarginine-coated diamond nanoparticles [J]. Anal. Chem.2008,80,3791-3797.
[32]Viota, J. L., Arroyo, F. J., Delgado, A. V., Homo, J., Electrokinetic characterization of magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with amino acids [J]. J. Colloid Interf. Sci.2010,344,144-149.
[33]Lai, Y, Yin, W., Liu, J., Xi, R., Zhan, J., One-pot green synthesis and bioapplication ofl-arginine-capped superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles [J]. Nanoscale Res. Lett.2010,5,302-307.
[34]Wang, Z., Zhu, H., Wang, X., Yang, F., Yang, X., One-pot green synthesis of biocompatible arginine-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles[J]. Nanotech.2009,20, 465606-465616.
[35]Deng, Y, Qi, D., Deng, C., Zhang, X., Zhao, D., Superparamagnetic high-magnetization microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell for removal of microcystins [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2008,130,28-29.
[36]Patthy, L., Smith, E. L., Reversible modification of arginine residues. Application to sequence studies by restriction of tryptic hydrolysis to lysine residues.[J]. J. Biol. Chem.1975,250,557-564.
[37]He, Y. P. Miao, Y M., Li, C. R., Wang, S. Q., Cao, L., Xie, S. S., Yang, G. Z., Zou, B. S., Size and structure effect on optical transitions of iron oxide nanocrystals [J]. Phys. Rev. B 2005,71,125411-125420.
[38]Gao, C., Guan, J., Zhu, Y., Shen, J., Surface immobilization of bioactive molecules on polyurethane for promotion of cytocompatibility to human endothelial cells [J]. Macromol. Biosci.2003,3,157-162.
[39]Wei, Z. F., Zhang, Y. H., Zhao, L. J., Liu, J. H., Li, X. H., Observation of the first hydration layer of isolated cations and anions through the FTIR-ATR difference spectra [J]. J. Phys. Chem. A 2005,109,1337-1342.
[40]Tanyolac, D., Ozdural, A. R., BSA adsorption onto magnetic polyvinylbutyral microbeads [J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2001,80,707-715.
[41]Yang, C., Liu, H., Guan, Y., Xing, J., Liu, J., Shan, G., Preparation of magnetic poly(methylmethacrylate-divinylbenzene-glycidylmethacrylate) microspheres by spraying suspension polymerization and their use for protein adsorption[J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater.2005,293,187-192.
[42]Xiao, Z. P. Yang, K. M., Liang, H., Lu, J., Synthesis of magnetic, reactive, and thermoresponsive Fe3O4 nanoparticles via surface-initiated RAFT copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrolein [J]. J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem.2010,48,542-550.
[43]Liang, Y. Y. Zhang, L. M., Li, W., Chen, R. F., Polysaccharide-modified iron oxide nanoparticles as an effective magnetic affinity adsorbent for bovine serum albumin[J]. Colloid Polym. Sci.2007,285,1193-1199.
[44]Liu, Q., Yang, Y., Huang, Y, Pan, C., Nie, Z., Yao, S., Separation of acidic and basic proteins by CE with CTAB additive and its applications in peptide and protein profiling [J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,2151-2158.
[45]Du, Z., Yu, Y. L., Yan, X. R., Wang, J. H., Isolation and pre-concentration of basic proteins in aqueous mixture via solid-phase extraction with multi-walled carbon nanotubes assembled on a silica surface [J]. Analyst 2008,133, 1373-1379.
[1]Wang, H., Zhang, Q., Chu, X., Chen, T., Ge, J., Yu, R., Graphene oxide-peptide conjugate as an intracellular protease sensor for caspase-3 activation imaging in live cells[J]. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.2011,50,7065-7069.
[2]Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Dommett, G. H., Kohlhaas, K. M., Zimney, E. J., Stach, E. A., Piner, R. D., Nguyen, S. T., Ruoff, R. S., Graphene-based composite materials [J]. Nature 2006,442,282-286.
[3]Tung, V. C., Allen, M. J., Yang Y., Kaner, R. B., High-throughput solution processing of large-scale graphene [J]. Nat. Nanotechnol.2009,4,25-29.
[4]Ruoff, R. S., Chemically Modified Graphenes [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2011,21, 3272-3272.
[5]Song, H. J., Jia, X. H., Li, N., Yang, X. F., Tang, H., Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanorod/graphene oxide composites and their tribological properties[J]. J. Mater. Chem.2012,22,895-902.
[6]Chandra, V., Park, J., Chun, Y, Lee, J. W., Hwang, I. C., Kim, K. S., Water-dispersible magnetite-reduced graphene oxide composites for arsenic removal [J], ACS Nano 2010,4,3979-3986.
[7]Myung, S., Solanki, A., Kim, C., Park, J., Kim, K. S., Lee, K. B., Graphene-encapsulated nanoparticle-based biosensor for the selective detection of cancer biomarkers [J]. Adv. Mater.2011,23,2221-2225.
[8]Guo, S., Dong, S., Graphene and its derivative-based sensing materials for analytical devices [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2011,21,18503-18516.
[9]Shi, W., Zhu, J., Sim, D. H., Tay, Y. Y, Lu, Z., Zhang, X., Sharma, Y, Srinivasan, M., Zhang, H., Hng, H. H., Yan, Q., Achieving high specific charge capacitances in Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2011,21, 3422-3427.
[10]Lin, Y, Tao, Y, Pu, F., Ren, J., Qu, X., Combination of graphene oxide and thiol-activated DNA metallization for sensitive fluorescence turn-on detection of cysteine and their use for logic gate operations[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater.2011,21, 4565-4572.
[11]Feng, L., Wu, L., Wang, J., Ren, J., Miyoshi, D., Sugimoto, N., Qu, X., Detection of a prognostic indicator in early-stage cancer using functionalized graphene-based peptide sensors[J]. Adv. Mater.2012,24,125-131.
[12]Nam, B., Lee, H. J., Goh, H., Lee, Y. B., Choi, W. S., Sandwich-like graphene nanocomposites armed with nanoneedles [J]. J. Mater. Chem.2012,22, 3148-3153.
[13]Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, X., Zhou, X., Wu, H., Guo, S., Assembly of graphene oxide-enzyme conjugates through hydrophobic interaction [J]. Small 2012,8,154-159.
[14]Tang, L. A. L., Wang, J., Loh, K. P., Graphene-based SELDI probe with ultrahigh extraction and sensitivity for DNA oligomer[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2010,132, 10976-10977.
[15]Gulbakan, B., Yasun, E., Shukoor, M. I., Zhu, Z., You, M., Tan, X., Sanchez, H., Powell, D. H., Dai, H., Tan, W., A dual platform for selective analyte enrichment and ionization in mass spectrometry using aptamer-conjugated graphene oxide [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2010,132,17408-17410.
[16]Deng, Y., Qi, D., Deng, C., Zhang, X., Zhao, D., Superparamagnetic high-magnetization microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell for removal of microcystins [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008,130,28-29.
[17]Zhang, X., Niu, H, Pan, Y, Shi, Y, Cai, Y, Chitosan-coated octadecyl-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles:preparation and application in extraction of trace pollutants from environmental water samples [J]. Anal. Chem.2010,82, 2363-2371.
[18]Li, Y, Dong, C., Chu, J., Qi, J., Li, X., Surface molecular imprinting onto fluorescein-coated magnetic nanoparticles via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization:A facile three-in-one system for recognition and separation of endocrine disrupting chemicals [J]. Nanoscale 2011,3,280-287.
[19]Cheng, G, Zhang, J. L., Liu, Y. L., Sun, D. H., Ni, J. Z., Synthesis of novel Fe3O4@SiO2@CeO2 microspheres with mesoporous shell for phosphopeptide capturing and labeling [J]. Chem. Commun.2011,47,5732-5734.
[20]Zhang, Y., Chen, B., Zhang, L., Huang, J., Chen, F., Yang, Z., Yao, J., Zhang, Z., Controlled assembly of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on graphene oxide Nanoscale 2011,3,1446-1450.
[21]He, H., Gao, C., Supraparamagnetic, conductive, and processable multifunctional graphene nanosheets coated with high-density Fe3O4 nanoparticles [J], ACS Appl. Mater. Inter.2010,2,3201-3210.
[22]Li, B., Cao, H., Shao J., Qu, M., Enhanced anode performances of the Fe3O4/Carbon-rGO three dimensional composite in lithium ion batteries [J]. Chem. Commun.2011,47,10374-10376.
[23]Li, B., Cao, H., Shao, J., Qu, M., Warner, J. H., Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystals@graphene composites for energy storage devices [J]. J. Mater. Chem. 2011,21,5069-5075.
[24]Shi, C., Meng, J., Deng, C., Enrichment and detection of small molecules using magnetic graphene as an adsorbent and a novel matrix of MALDI-TOF-MS[J]. Chem. Commun.2012,48,2418-2420.
[25]Li, X., Huang, X., Liu, D., Wang, X., Song, S., Zhou, L., Zhang, H., Synthesis of 3D hierarchical Fe3O4/graphene composites with high lithium storage capacity and for controlled drug delivery [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011,115,21567-21573.
[26]Yang, X., Zhang, X., Ma, Y, Huang, Y, Wang, Y, Chen, Y., Superparamagnetic graphene oxide-Fe304 nanoparticles hybrid for controlled targeted drug carriers[J], J. Mater. Chem.2009,19,2710-2714.
[27]Yang, X., Wang, Y., Huang, X., Ma, Y, Huang, Y, Yang, R., Duan, H., Chen, Y, Multi-functionalized graphene oxide based anticancer drug-carrier with dual-targeting function and pH-sensitivity[J], J. Mater. Chem.2011,21, 3448-3454.
[28]Cheng, G., Liu, Y. L., Wang, Z. G., Zhang, J. L., Sun, D. H., Ni, J. Z., The GO/rGO-Fe3O4 composites with good water-dispersibility and fast magnetic response for effective immobilization and enrichment ofbiomolecules [J], J. Mater. Chem.2012,22,21998-22004.
[29]Gao, L., Zhuang, J., Nie, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y, Gu, N., Wang, T., Feng, J., Yang, D., Perrett, S., Yan, X., Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles [J]. Nat. Nanotechnol.2007,2,577-583.
[30]Song, Y, Qu, K., Zhao, C., Ren, J., Qu, X., Graphene oxide:intrinsic peroxidase catalytic activity and its application to glucose detection[J]. Adv. Mater.2010,22, 2206-2210.
[31]Hummers Jr, W. S., Offeman, R. E., Preparation of Graphitic Oxide [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1958,80,1339-1339.
[32]Sun, X., Liu, Z., Welsher, K., Robinson, J. T., Goodwin, A., Zaric, S., Dai, H., Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery[J]. Nano Res.2008, 1,203-212.
[33]Shen, J., Hu, Y, Shi, M., Li, N., Ma, H., Ye, M., One step synthesis of graphene oxide-magnetic nanoparticle composite [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010,114, 1498-1503.
[34]Yan, N., Zhou, L., Zhu, Z., Zhang, H., Zhou, X., Chen, X., Constant pressure-assisted head-column field-amplified sample injection in combination with in-capillary derivatization for enhancing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis [J]. J. Chromatogr. A 2009,1216,4517-4523.
[35]Liu, Q., Yang, Y, Huang, Y, Pan, C., Nie, Z., Yao, S., Separation of acidic and basic proteins by CE with CTAB additive and its applications in peptide and protein profiling[J]. Electrophoresis 2009,30,2151-2158.
[36]Zuo, X., Peng, C., Huang, Q., Song, S., Wang, L., Li, D., Fan, C., Design of a carbon nanotube/magnetic nanoparticle-based peroxidase-like nanocomplex and its application for highly efficient catalytic oxidation of phenols [J]. Nano Res. 2009,2,617-623.