无源判向超宽带天线的研究
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摘要
本文提出了一种共形天线方法,将四臂阿基米德螺旋天线与旋转抛物面进行共形,使它具有了两个用途:一个用途是用作无源判向天线,另一个用途是用作抛物面天线的反射器。当作为无源判向天线时,其仍具有四臂阿基米德螺旋天线的超宽带、圆极化、多模式方向图等特性;当作为抛物面天线反射器时,其增益和副瓣电平达到了应用的要求。而且将两种天线采用这种方法共形,两种天线可以独立工作,节省了物理空间。
应用并行,分步与结合的研究方法。将共形形式分为四臂共形阿基米德螺旋天线研究和抛物面天线共形反射器研究。从三方面来研究四臂共形阿基米德螺旋天线分别为阿基米德螺旋天线基本性能和参量研究,由平面形式到共形形式的对比研究,由二臂螺旋到四臂螺旋的对比研究,这三个方面分别确定了阿基米德螺旋的基本设计,共形前后的变化,馈电和判向原理,得到四臂共形阿基米德螺旋天线的超宽带性能和作为无源判向天线的基本判向性能;将对旋转抛物面天线共形反射器的研究分为理想抛物面反射器研究,由理想形式到共形形式的对比研究,最佳共形抛物面反射器研究,这三方面分别确定了抛物面反射器基本性能设计,共形前后的变化,共形后的优化设计,最后将三者结合,得到优化的共形抛物面反射器的增益和副瓣电平都达到了较理想的水平。最终将并行研究的四臂阿基米德螺旋天线和优化的共形抛物面反射器结论结合,相互利用彼此参量进行总体设计,得到与旋转抛物面共形的四臂阿基米德螺旋天线。
在实际意义上,这种共形形式特别适合于解决宽频带无源判向和毫米波有源探测天线共口径问题,由于共形形式的两用,将被动判向天线作为主动探测天线的反射器,而解决了空间小,有遮挡的问题,避免了结构紧凑有干扰,结构松散产生栅瓣的矛盾。
A conformal antenna is proposed which conforming four-arm Archimedean spiral antenna to rotating paraboloidal has two uses.One is used as an antenna for passive direction-finding,the other is used to be a parabolic reflector.When it is used as former, it still have characters as four-arm Archimedean spiral antenna ,such as ultra-wide band,circular polarzation,multi-modes directional patterns.When it severs as parabolic reflector,its gain and sidelobe level reach applied requirement.Also compared to independence,comformal antenna spares much space.
A parallel,staging and united method is put into practice.The discussion is divided into two parts,which are four-arm comformal spiral antenna research and parabolic comformal reflector research.Each part still has three steps.For part 1,the steps are the study of performance and controlled variable of Arichemedean antenna,the comparison between plane shape and comformal shape,and the distinction between two-arm and four-arm.
The aims of three steps are the basic design of Archimedean antenna,the differences of performance,the theory of direction-finding and feeding.At last,the three conclusions are united to benefit ultra-wide band performance and direction-finding performance of four-arm comformal Archimedean spiral antenna.
As well as part 1,the part 2 also have three steps and three aims.The steps are ideal reflector research,the differences between ideal reflector and comformal reflector ,and optimal comformal reflector.The aims are the basic design of parabolic reflector,the variation of performance,the optimal design of the conformal reflector.Finally ,three conclusions are united to benefit gain and sidelobe level performance of the optimal reflector.
Above all ,the optimal design of two parts is combined to decide the final form of the four-arm Archimedean spiral comformed to rotating paraboloidal.
In the practical significance,the comformal shape is especially suitable for solving the problem that how to configrate caliber between active radar antenna and passive radar antenna.
Due to the conformal form ,the antenna of passive radar could be used as reflector of the active radar .As a result,the contradition that interference and covering is created if the antennas are placed nearly and the grating lobe is generated if the antennas are installed far away is avoided.
应用并行,分步与结合的研究方法。将共形形式分为四臂共形阿基米德螺旋天线研究和抛物面天线共形反射器研究。从三方面来研究四臂共形阿基米德螺旋天线分别为阿基米德螺旋天线基本性能和参量研究,由平面形式到共形形式的对比研究,由二臂螺旋到四臂螺旋的对比研究,这三个方面分别确定了阿基米德螺旋的基本设计,共形前后的变化,馈电和判向原理,得到四臂共形阿基米德螺旋天线的超宽带性能和作为无源判向天线的基本判向性能;将对旋转抛物面天线共形反射器的研究分为理想抛物面反射器研究,由理想形式到共形形式的对比研究,最佳共形抛物面反射器研究,这三方面分别确定了抛物面反射器基本性能设计,共形前后的变化,共形后的优化设计,最后将三者结合,得到优化的共形抛物面反射器的增益和副瓣电平都达到了较理想的水平。最终将并行研究的四臂阿基米德螺旋天线和优化的共形抛物面反射器结论结合,相互利用彼此参量进行总体设计,得到与旋转抛物面共形的四臂阿基米德螺旋天线。
在实际意义上,这种共形形式特别适合于解决宽频带无源判向和毫米波有源探测天线共口径问题,由于共形形式的两用,将被动判向天线作为主动探测天线的反射器,而解决了空间小,有遮挡的问题,避免了结构紧凑有干扰,结构松散产生栅瓣的矛盾。
A conformal antenna is proposed which conforming four-arm Archimedean spiral antenna to rotating paraboloidal has two uses.One is used as an antenna for passive direction-finding,the other is used to be a parabolic reflector.When it is used as former, it still have characters as four-arm Archimedean spiral antenna ,such as ultra-wide band,circular polarzation,multi-modes directional patterns.When it severs as parabolic reflector,its gain and sidelobe level reach applied requirement.Also compared to independence,comformal antenna spares much space.
A parallel,staging and united method is put into practice.The discussion is divided into two parts,which are four-arm comformal spiral antenna research and parabolic comformal reflector research.Each part still has three steps.For part 1,the steps are the study of performance and controlled variable of Arichemedean antenna,the comparison between plane shape and comformal shape,and the distinction between two-arm and four-arm.
The aims of three steps are the basic design of Archimedean antenna,the differences of performance,the theory of direction-finding and feeding.At last,the three conclusions are united to benefit ultra-wide band performance and direction-finding performance of four-arm comformal Archimedean spiral antenna.
As well as part 1,the part 2 also have three steps and three aims.The steps are ideal reflector research,the differences between ideal reflector and comformal reflector ,and optimal comformal reflector.The aims are the basic design of parabolic reflector,the variation of performance,the optimal design of the conformal reflector.Finally ,three conclusions are united to benefit gain and sidelobe level performance of the optimal reflector.
Above all ,the optimal design of two parts is combined to decide the final form of the four-arm Archimedean spiral comformed to rotating paraboloidal.
In the practical significance,the comformal shape is especially suitable for solving the problem that how to configrate caliber between active radar antenna and passive radar antenna.
Due to the conformal form ,the antenna of passive radar could be used as reflector of the active radar .As a result,the contradition that interference and covering is created if the antennas are placed nearly and the grating lobe is generated if the antennas are installed far away is avoided.
引文
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[3]易礼智.宽带平面螺旋天线的研究与设计[J].现代电子技术,2008,(11):108-109
[4] Zhang Y B,Zhu L. Printed Dual Spiral-Loop Wire Antenna for Broadband Circular Polarization[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2006, 54(1): 284-288
[5]陈小娟,袁乃昌.平面螺旋天线的设计与实现[J].雷达与对抗,2004,(4):31-33
[6] Mao S, Yeh J, Chen S. Ultrawideband Circularly Polarized Spiral Antenna Using Integrated Balun With Application to Time-Domain Target Detection[J]. Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, IEEE, 2009, 57(7):1914-1920
[7] Muller D, Sarabandi K. Design and Analysis of a 3-Arm Spiral Antenna[J]. Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, IEEE, 2007, 55(2):258-266
[8] Wang C, Hsu D. Studies of the novel CPW-fed spiral slot antenna[J]. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2004, 3:186-187
[9] Stutzke N, Filipovic D. Four-Arm 2nd- Mode Slot Spiral Antenna With Simple Single-Port Feed[J]. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2005,4:213-216
[10] Cencich T, Huffman J. The analysis of wideband spiral antennas using modal decomposition[J]. Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, 2004, 46(4):20-26
[11] Stutzke N, Filipovic D. Four-Arm 2nd-Mode Slot Spiral Antenna With Simple Single-Port Feed[J]. Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2005, 4:213-216
[12] Kim M, Choo H, Park I. Two-arm microstrip spiral antenna for multi-beam pattern control[J]. Electronics Letters, 2005, 41(11):
[13] Colburn J, Lynch J, Obatoyinbo A, et, al. Spirapole Antenna for Communication Systems Utilizing Both Satellite and Terrestrial Assets[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2005, 53(2):866-869
[14] Cheng N, Chuang W. A Novel Dual-Band Spiral Antenna for a Satellite andTerrestrial Communication System[J]. Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2009, 8:624-626
[15] Gschwendtner E, Wiesbeck W. Ultra-broadband car antennas for communications and navigation applications[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2003, 51(8):2020-2027
[16] Waldschmidt C, Wiesbeck W. Compact Wide-Band Multimode Antennas for MIMO and Diversity[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2004, 52(8):1963-1969
[17] Waldschmidt C, Wiesbeck W. Spiral and dipole antennas for indoor MIMO-systems[J]. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2002, 1:176-178
[18] Liu C, Lu Y, Du C, et, al. The Broadband Spiral Antenna Design Based on Hybird Backed-Cavity[J]. Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, IEEE, 2010, 58(6):1876-1882
[19] Nakano H, Igarashi T, Oyanagi H, et, al. Unbalanced-Mode Spiral Antenna Backed by an Extremely Shallow Cavity[J]. Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, IEEE, 2009, 57(6):1625-1633
[20] Volakis J, Nurnberger M, et, al. A broadband cavity-backed slat spiral antenna [J]. Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, 2001, 43(6):15-26
[21]王红丽.超宽带(UWB)四臂平面螺旋天线仿真设计[D],上海:同济大学硕士论文,2008:39-41
[22] Buck M. Spiral Cavity Backing Effects on__ Pattern Symmetry and Modal Contamination[J]. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2006, 5:243-246
[23] Fumeaux C, Baumann D, et, al. Finite-Volume Time-Domain Analysis of a Cavity-Backed Archimedean Spiral Antenna[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2006, 54(3):844-851
[24] Numberger M. New termination for ultrawide-band slot spirals[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2002, 50(1):82-85
[25] Nakano H, Ikeda M, et, al. A Spiral Antenna Sandwiched by Dielectric Layers [J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2004, 52(6):1417-1423
[26] Liu T, Zhang W, Zhang M, et, al. Low profile spiral antenna with PBG substrate[J]. Electronics Letters 36(9):779-780
[27] Schreider L, Begaud X, Soiron M, et, al. Broadband Archimedean spiral antenna above a loaded electromagnetic band gap substrate[J]. IET Microw. Antenna Propag, 2007, 1(1):212-216
[28] Kramer B, Koulouridis S, et, al. A Novel Reflective Surface for an UHF SpiralAntenna[J]. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2006, 5:32-34
[29] Bell J, Iskander M. A low-profile archimedean spiral antenna using an EBG ground plane[J]. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2004, 3:223-226
[30]宋朝晖.超宽带螺旋天线小型化研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2006:13-15
[31] Kramer B, Lee K, et, al. Design and Performance of an Ultrawide-Band Ceramic-Loaded Slot Spiral[J], Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2005 53(7):2193-2199
[32] Kramer B, Chen C, Volakis J. Size Reduction of a Low-Profile Spiral Antenna Using Inductive and Dielectric Loading[J]. Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 2008, 7:22-25
[33]肖永平,李业强.应用于反辐射导弹的共形天线[J],舰船电子对抗,2008,,31(2):9
[34] Hertel T, Snith G. Analysis and design of two-arm conical spiral antennas - Electromagnetic Compatibility[J]. Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE, 2002, 44(1):25-37
[35] Hertel T, Smith G. The conical spiral antenna over the ground[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2002, 50(12):1668-1675
[36] Hertel T, Smith G. On the dispersive properties of the conical spiral antenna and its use for pulsed radiation[J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2003, 51(7):1426-1433
[37]刁冠勋,田冀焕,袁建生.宽频带圆锥对数螺旋天线仿真计算与性能分析[J].电子技术应用,2005, (4):55-57
[38]刘美佳.多模卫星导航系统接收天线研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2008:12-13
[39]武斌功.球面螺旋天线的CAD/CAM一体化技术[J].中国机械工程,2003, 14(18):1548-1549
[40]邱景辉,丁勇,等.球面螺旋天线的研究[J].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2006,22(3):15-22
[41]白剑林.反辐射导弹对抗技术研究[J].战术导弹控制技术,2007,(1):10-12
[42]刘伟.俄罗斯飞航导弹状况[J].飞航导弹,1994,(10):22-32
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