高温下建筑施工健康安全管理与成熟度评价
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摘要
高温安全事故是建筑施工现场主要的安全隐患之一,严重威胁着施工人员的生命安全。目前我国已颁布了一系列有关高温下建筑施工安全生产和管理的法律法规,并积极推行职业健康安全管理体系,但由于受到诸多现实问题的困扰,高温安全生产和职业健康的现实严峻。本文以成熟度理论为基础,构建高温下的建筑施工健康安全管理能力成熟度模型(HSMMM)并进行评价,其目的在于指出企业高温施工健康安全管理所处的阶段,找到影响管理水平提高的障碍和薄弱环节,指导施工企业的改进方向和达到的目标,同时为其管理水平的提高提供科学的方法和手段。
本文首先根据能力成熟度模型(CMM)的理论原则和建模思想,建立起高温下建筑施工健康安全管理能力成熟度模型(HSMMM)评价指标的结构框架。以国家地方相关法律法规与政策为依据,以国内外相关学者对高温作业健康安全管理研究为基础,设置了具体评价指标要素,并通过专家评分法对指标进行了筛选,从而建立了高温下建筑施工健康安全管理能力成熟度模型(HSMMM)评价体系。
其次,界定高温下建筑施工健康安全管理能力成熟度模型(HSMMM)的五个成熟度等级与五个层面的涵义,明确HSMMM的评价要素,运用专家评分法与多边形面积的图示表达,为建筑施工企业提供了一个衡量高温施工健康安全管理水平的基准模型和评价依据,并指出管理优化的途径与顺序。在文章中以广厦重庆第一建筑有限公司为实证对象,通过专家评分法来进行量化评估,得出指标的成熟度指数及综合指数,评估出了该企业的成熟度等级,且提出改进建议。
最后,对重庆主要施工企业的建筑管理人员进行问卷调查,进而从宏观的角度对重庆市高温下的建筑施工健康安全管理的现状调查进行描述性统计分析,发现其中存在的不足之处,指出重庆建筑施工企业有待重视、加强和改进的方面。
成熟度模型作为一种全新的理念,在学术上拓宽了高温环境下施工健康安全管理能力评价的思路,丰富安全管理能力评价手段的运用,为企业安全管理水平的提高提供了一个评估与改进的平台,相信随着不断的实施与改进,其必将会作为一种针对性强、效率高的管理能力评价方法在建筑业内广为应用并发挥重要的作用。
Heat stress, having caused preventable and lamentable deaths, is hazardous to construction workers in the hot and humid summers of Chongqing. Recently, a set of basic guidelines has been promulgated on site safety measures in hot weather as well as occupational health and safety management system being actively promoted. However, due to many practical problems, the present status of construction in hot weather is still very grim. Based on the theory of capacity maturity model, health and safety management maturity model (HSMMM) for working in hot weather is established with the aim to point the health and safety management capacity level, find the barriers and weak link so as to guide enterprises to improve their direction and goals, while raising the level of its management to provide the scientific method and means.
According to the theoretical principles and modeling ideas of Capability Maturity Model (CMM), the evaluation indicator framework of Health and Safety Management Maturity Model for construction in hot weather is established. Based on relevant national laws, regulations and local policies, as well as research on health and safety management for working in hot weather from home and abroad, HSMMM evaluation system is built through expert scoring, membership grade analysis and correlation analysis.
5 maturity levels and its meanings of HSMMM are defined, and 34 HSMMM evaluation factors are explicated. The proposed method of weighting the evaluation factors and the expression of evaluation performance provides a benchmark model and basis of evaluation for construction health and safety management for working in hot weather, moreover, it is pointed out the way and order management optimization. Guangsha Chongqing Construction Co., Ltd. is investigated as an empirical objective, through AHP evaluation method for quantitative assessment, various indicators maturity index and comprehensive maturity index is derived to assess the maturity of the enterprise level, and make recommendations for improvement.
Questionnaire survey is conducted to construction managers from construction enterprises in Chongqing, and the current situation of health and safety management construction in hot weather is analyzed at a macro point of view. Hence, we can find the existing inadequacies that need to be strengthen and improved for construction enterprises in Chongqing.
Capacity Maturity Model, a new concept for construction management, broadens the idea of construction health and safety management assessment in academic as well as enriches the application of evaluation tools, which provides platform for evaluation and improvement for health and safety management. HSMMM is bound to be as a targeted, efficient management capacity evaluation method and widely applied in construction industry.
本文首先根据能力成熟度模型(CMM)的理论原则和建模思想,建立起高温下建筑施工健康安全管理能力成熟度模型(HSMMM)评价指标的结构框架。以国家地方相关法律法规与政策为依据,以国内外相关学者对高温作业健康安全管理研究为基础,设置了具体评价指标要素,并通过专家评分法对指标进行了筛选,从而建立了高温下建筑施工健康安全管理能力成熟度模型(HSMMM)评价体系。
其次,界定高温下建筑施工健康安全管理能力成熟度模型(HSMMM)的五个成熟度等级与五个层面的涵义,明确HSMMM的评价要素,运用专家评分法与多边形面积的图示表达,为建筑施工企业提供了一个衡量高温施工健康安全管理水平的基准模型和评价依据,并指出管理优化的途径与顺序。在文章中以广厦重庆第一建筑有限公司为实证对象,通过专家评分法来进行量化评估,得出指标的成熟度指数及综合指数,评估出了该企业的成熟度等级,且提出改进建议。
最后,对重庆主要施工企业的建筑管理人员进行问卷调查,进而从宏观的角度对重庆市高温下的建筑施工健康安全管理的现状调查进行描述性统计分析,发现其中存在的不足之处,指出重庆建筑施工企业有待重视、加强和改进的方面。
成熟度模型作为一种全新的理念,在学术上拓宽了高温环境下施工健康安全管理能力评价的思路,丰富安全管理能力评价手段的运用,为企业安全管理水平的提高提供了一个评估与改进的平台,相信随着不断的实施与改进,其必将会作为一种针对性强、效率高的管理能力评价方法在建筑业内广为应用并发挥重要的作用。
Heat stress, having caused preventable and lamentable deaths, is hazardous to construction workers in the hot and humid summers of Chongqing. Recently, a set of basic guidelines has been promulgated on site safety measures in hot weather as well as occupational health and safety management system being actively promoted. However, due to many practical problems, the present status of construction in hot weather is still very grim. Based on the theory of capacity maturity model, health and safety management maturity model (HSMMM) for working in hot weather is established with the aim to point the health and safety management capacity level, find the barriers and weak link so as to guide enterprises to improve their direction and goals, while raising the level of its management to provide the scientific method and means.
According to the theoretical principles and modeling ideas of Capability Maturity Model (CMM), the evaluation indicator framework of Health and Safety Management Maturity Model for construction in hot weather is established. Based on relevant national laws, regulations and local policies, as well as research on health and safety management for working in hot weather from home and abroad, HSMMM evaluation system is built through expert scoring, membership grade analysis and correlation analysis.
5 maturity levels and its meanings of HSMMM are defined, and 34 HSMMM evaluation factors are explicated. The proposed method of weighting the evaluation factors and the expression of evaluation performance provides a benchmark model and basis of evaluation for construction health and safety management for working in hot weather, moreover, it is pointed out the way and order management optimization. Guangsha Chongqing Construction Co., Ltd. is investigated as an empirical objective, through AHP evaluation method for quantitative assessment, various indicators maturity index and comprehensive maturity index is derived to assess the maturity of the enterprise level, and make recommendations for improvement.
Questionnaire survey is conducted to construction managers from construction enterprises in Chongqing, and the current situation of health and safety management construction in hot weather is analyzed at a macro point of view. Hence, we can find the existing inadequacies that need to be strengthen and improved for construction enterprises in Chongqing.
Capacity Maturity Model, a new concept for construction management, broadens the idea of construction health and safety management assessment in academic as well as enriches the application of evaluation tools, which provides platform for evaluation and improvement for health and safety management. HSMMM is bound to be as a targeted, efficient management capacity evaluation method and widely applied in construction industry.
引文
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